1894 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
4i 
THE PROSPECT. 
We have called attantion to some of the neat adver¬ 
tising schemes adopted by our experiment stations. 
There are people abroad as smart as we are. Tne fol¬ 
lowing rhyme was composed by an English clergy¬ 
man for the opening of a dairy school. It has since 
been printed in the form of a beautiful card and hung 
up in dairies all over the country : 
First cleanly be, and last be clean as well, 
If for butteryou would bear the ball; 
Wash all utensils with the ureatest pain 
In cold, then scald, then rinse with cold aKaln— 
With cold to cleanse the aloumen away, 
With scaldlntf hot the latent nerin to slay. 
Best nutter's made from cream that rises fast, 
1)on t mix with Hrst the cre.'ttn that comes up last. 
To cool or warm It, ere you poor Inside 
Your churn the cream. J ust let the day decide; 
Thermometer in winter should attest 
Sixty; In summer lifty-eixht is best. 
Slowly bsKln to churn; let all the «« 
And froth both freely through the vent peg pass; 
Churn on until the sound should bid you st-Op, 
That forth in golden grains your weal’h may drop; 
But tirst, four times at least, wsll wash the grain 
Till water pure pass through it without stain; 
Then, since untouched of hand alone ■t;8 goo.l, 
Soread on " the worker ” with your sc oop of wood; 
Next let the spiral wheel toe butter press, 
And knead the prlmro'e mass to perfectness 
1) on’t treat like dough, nor wring it like a clout. 
But Qrmly, gently, drive tne moisture out; 
Then pat and weigh, and wo'k with •• Scottish hands,” 
And so to market seed the best of brands. 
Bat, O, he careful where your butter made 
Is stored for market, or oa sale dlspUyed, 
best taint of byre breathe la through open d.oor. 
Or poisonous sewage lurk beneatn the floor. 
Or scent of silage from the farmyard harm 
Vour dainty wares and rob them of their charm. 
For butler, like a human thing, Is prone 
To take fro n evil nelghoors taste and tone 
Tnen proud.y when the market day comes round 
Uecelve your pennies utore for every pound, 
And know that none will grudge you what you earn 
By sweeter butler from a detter churn; 
While all who buy your produce smile and say, 
This “ work of art” will drive the Dane away, 
And oless the girls whose skillful dalryhood 
Kept trade at home by keeping butter good. 
This is the sort of thing to catch the eye of butter 
makers. Where are our American poets ? Let them 
fire off a few rhymes at bogus butter ? 
t t t 
There are lively times ahead in New Jersey. The 
legislature was elected chiefly to repeal the race track 
legislation. Gov. Werts in his message suggests a 
heroic remedy for killing gambling m the State. He 
says that in order to get at the bottom of the subject, 
the legislature must not only repeal last year’s legis¬ 
lation, but also the law of 1880, which permits racing 
at agricultural fairs and other exhibitions. The Gov¬ 
ernor thinks it was the concealed purpose of those who 
promoted the law of 1880 to legalize bookmaking and 
poolselling. They made “ agricultural ” prominent in 
their bill to conceal their real purpose, which was to 
pass further legislatiou in this line, which they did 
last winter. It is thought by some that the Governor 
is making what is known as a “ bluff,” believing the 
Republican legislature will not dare to repeal the law 
of 1880. The people of New Jersey sent that legisla¬ 
ture to Trenton to save the State from being any 
longer a dumping ground for blacklegs, thieves and 
worse. If the Republicans dodge their duty in this 
matter, that will be au end to them. How we would 
like to see the New Jersey State Fair run without rac¬ 
ing and gambling ! J j j 
The National Provisioner of this city has the fol¬ 
lowing : 
Tub Rchai. New-Youkeu, which ought to know better, glories In 
the Injunction against selling oleomargarine by the State Supreme 
Coart In the cise of two persons in Cohoes. N. V. This paper In com¬ 
menting o:i the case states that the restraint was laid on these per- 
sDns to prevent them from selling stuff colore.a to imitate real butter 
Even If this be a correct statemsnt of the pilnt at Issue, we wish to 
ask Thb Rural New-Yokkur a plain qusstlon, namely: What is 
the color of real butter? We pause for a reply, for “ hereby hangs a 
tale." 
The color of “real butter” is yellow, any school boy 
could have told the Provisioner that much, and any 
one who has read the literature of this subj jct will 
know in advance the “tale” which hangs thereby and 
which the Provisioner seems anxious to narrate. We 
will not deprive it of the pleasure. Meanwhile, we 
insist that it shall call things by their proper names. 
There is no such thing in the markets as oleomargar¬ 
ine, nor has there been any for years. The making of 
that article from beef suet by the Mege process long 
ago succumbed to the greed of the riwifts. Armours 
and others of that ilk, who soon found out a cheaper 
way of swindling the people. It is hog-butter as 
truthful persons call it—butterine is the name its 
makers have given it. It is composed of from 40 to 80 
per cent of the fat of hogs, when nothing worse is 
used, and it is a vile swindle—an outrage on the 
human stomach, and it has furnished a most striking 
illustration of the ease with which men can bring them¬ 
selves to defend a fraud, when their pockets are favor¬ 
ably affected by it. When the Provisioner tells its pretty 
little tale, we will give it the attention it deserves. 
The R. N.-Y. has always insisted upon the import¬ 
ance of sending produce to market in attractive pack¬ 
ages. Of course, to secure the best prices, good qual¬ 
ity is necessary; but no matter what the quality, 
unless the goods are put in an attractive shape they 
will not sell to the best advantage. Inferior goods 
often sell for good prices because put up in nice shape, 
borne pop corn recently noticed packed in small paper 
cartons, was certainly put up in shape to please the 
eye. We do not suppose the corn would pop any bet¬ 
ter because of the package, but it certainly would 
attract the buyer’s attention quicker. The package 
was oblong in shape, red, white, blue and yellow in 
color. Oa one side was the familiar figure of Uncle 
Sam encircled by a wreath of corn ears and blades. 
This side also contained the legend, “ Blank’s Yankee 
Shelled Pop Corn.” On the opposite side, surrounded 
by a c rcle of red, was a wire popper overflowing 
with flaky popped corn, while above and below were 
recipjs for making different confections of popped 
corn. Oa a third side were two plump ears protrud¬ 
ing from their green husks and the legends: “Con¬ 
tents pops equal to eight quarts popped corn,” and 
Sweet, delicious, palatable, wholesome, nutritious.’ 
The fourth side contained furtner directions for using 
corn after popping, walle the ends were decorated 
with a monogram encircled by an ornamental scroll. 
The whole emanates from Chicago and forms a neat, 
tasty package. t t t 
Sub-irrigation is the latest scheme for greenhouse 
culture. It is astonishing to a novice to see ho w glass 
gardening is increasing. Around the great Northern 
cities are acres of glass under wnieh are gro wn lettuce, 
encumbers, rhubarb—in fact, almost all the outdoor 
vegetables. In this way Northern gardeners meet 
competition with the South. Cneap coal gives them 
a Florida temperature and glass permits them to sur¬ 
round enough of that heat to make the crops think 
summer has come to court winter. Mr. Pierce on 
another page tells us about the experiments at the 
Ohio Station. Similar experiments have been made 
at the West Virginia Station and a recent bulletin 
gives an account of them. The device used for suo- 
irrigation in these experiments is shown at Fig. 16. 
As shown it is a pipe, with numerous holes that run 
around under the soil at the bottom of the bed. At 
the top is a tunnel through which the water may be 
poured. Prof. Rane, who made the experiments at 
West Virginia, considers that sub-irrigation in green¬ 
houses is a pronounced success. He considers it a 
more complete system of watering than the usual 
sprinkling, as with it the soil does not harden, bake 
or dry out. It saves time, labor and water, and causes 
plants to run more evenly. This under-watering 
hastened the growth of parsley and spinach and gave 
better lettuce, tomatoes and radishes. Fungous dis¬ 
eases were better held in check—in fact, lettuce rot, 
one of the wor.9t troubles in many greenhouses, was 
prevented by sub-irrigation. In fact, this system of 
watering greenhouses is well worth the attention of 
those who try to deceive plants by turning winter 
into summer. ^ ^ ^ 
A LAW designed to benefit farmers who buy grain 
and feed has just gone into operation in England. 
Under this law all dealers who offer mixtures of 
ground feed for sale are obliged to give a guaranteed 
statement showing what the mixture is made of, 
what grains or seeds are used in it and what it ana¬ 
lyzes. We need just such a law in many States in this 
country. We have before now referred to the trick 
some dealers have of mixing oat hulls with corn bran 
and selling the mixture for ground corn and oats. Dr. 
K idzle of Michigan, recently investigated this fraud 
and received this candid note from a grain dealer r 
No use to give the names of mllle -s ps nearly every feed mill In the 
country Is In the habit of uslnx them (oat halls) or other cheap 
articles for grlndluK. Don’t know as you could now call It a fraud, as 
It is generally known that such stock Is used, and puichasers buying 
cheap grades of feed know what It is made from as the prices give It 
away. Any further Information required on your part will be gladly 
furnished If possible, but remember that I am getting bread and 
butter out of oat hulls. 
This man is stealing his bread and butter if he gets 
it in this way ! There is no place for a thief outside 
of jail, whether he take money out of your pocket 
directly with his fingers or with oat hulls for gloves. 
t t t 
“ Keep your potvder dry ! ” seems to be the advice of 
those who have been fighting insects on bushes and 
trees with a gun. For the use of hellebore, buhach 
and other powders of similar nature, the dry method 
seems to have the preference. For putting Paris-green 
on potatoes, certainly the “ gun ” principle is easier, 
cheaper and faster than shaking it from a sifter. When 
it comes to comparing this dry method with that of 
sprinkling the E’aris-green in water, it is not so easy 
to estimate their relative values. The dry powder is 
most effective when the air is still and when the vines 
are moist or damp. It is evidently the cheaper method 
so far as outfit and material are concerned. Oa the 
other hand, the sprinkler may be used at any time, in 
wind or calm. It will work very much faster than a 
man with the “gun,” though the latter has an advan- 
tage in the fact that ho can do a more effective job. 
bpeaking of this, we may say that there is a machine 
in England known as the “ Strawsonizer,” that would 
blow out these poisons as fast as the sprinkler drops 
the water. When it comes to the question of using a 
dry powder to take the place of the Bordeaux Mixture 
aud other fungicides, there is litt.e or no evidence at 
hand to show that such a substitution will answer. 
There are reports from France and Germany of success¬ 
ful experiments with dry powder fungicides, but 
American fruit growers would better stick to the old 
plan until careful experiments demonstrate that there 
is a betterone. This blow-fan method of distributing 
insecticides has come to stay, but it will not answer 
to say that it will do all the work yet. 
i t I 
UNCLE SAM'S CASH—ITS AMOUNT AND 
CHARACTER. 
An Illinois reader asks these questions, which will 
doubtless interest others : “On page 858, J. D, tells us 
that the trouble with the farmers is the demonetizing 
of silver in 1873. Will The R. N.-Y. tell us how much 
silver was coined before 1873 par annum, and also ho w 
much each year on an average since? Also, how much 
money of every kind par capita 20 years ago, and how 
much now? I can remember 20 years back and am 
quite sure that here, in Illinois, there are several 
times as much silver in circulation now as there was 
before 1873.’’ We don’t pretend to be fiuanaial experts, 
and simply give the figures obtained from the Statistical 
Abstract of the United States. In 1878 there were 
15,059,828 silver dollars in the Treasury (including bul¬ 
lion), and 1,209,251 standard silver dollars in circula¬ 
tion. Of subsidiary silver (that is, in coins less than 
one dollar) there were $6,860,506 in the Treasury aud 
$53,918,322 in circulation. In 1892 there were $ 4 . 34 ,- 
240,056 in silver in the Treasury, and $.56,817,462 in cir¬ 
culation. The amount in circulation was about 
2,000,000 less than in 1891. The subsidiary coin had 
increased in 1892 to 14,227,744 in the Treasury and 
$63,293,704 in circulation. Here are the facts about 
money in circulation : 
Year In Population Money Circulation 
«T6:2I2'7«j1 3^5^71 *{^50 
^ ««**** 50 155 7rt!^ 9i Hi io*ii 
lb90.... 2,14-J,22'J,159 1,429,251.270 &im2,2oO 22.’82 
In 1892 the money had increased to $36 21 per capita, 
or $24.44 per capita in circulation. It will be noticed 
that while the amount of money per capita has greatly 
increased, the proportionate amount out of circulation 
IS also much greater. Again, this per capita amount 
is very misleading, since the banks and a few very rich 
f imilies control a larger proportion than ever of the 
actual cash. As to the different kinds of money in 
circulation, the following table shows that: 
1872. 
Subsidiary silver. . 
Gold certificates.. 
Silver certlilcates.. 
Currency certiflcatss (act of i'sVV)’.’. 
I. 
jNailonal batik notes. 329 037 Mi'S 
® “‘■rency. 3«:402:929 
State bank notes. 1,700,935 
1892. 
*408,508,8'>4 
£0,817 402 
83,’93,704 
141.093,019 
320.093 405 
29,810.000 
407 818,590 
107,221,517 
From this we see how our money has changed. Most 
of our present cash is of kinds not known 20 years ago. 
BUSINESS BITS. 
Foil 1894 catalogue of the Orange County Nurseries, addre.ss T. . 1 . 
Dtvyer, Cornwall, N. V. Any stock ordered from .Mr. Dwyer will be 
found flrst-class, every time. 
Ik any one wants purebred Percheron horse flesh, old or young 
mares or stallions, he would better address Mr Thos. Steele, Perth', 
N V. He wants to reduce stock and is using The R. N.-Y. as middle¬ 
man. 
Everybody Interested In field, garden and flower seeds of any 
description that are absolutely pure and fresh should not fall, before 
purehaslnif, to sand for the new Illustrated catalogue of the Kansas 
Seed House, F. Barteldes & Co., proprietors, Lawrence, Kan. 
Fah-meus on railroads running from Syracuse, N. Y., can get flrst- 
class fertilizers from D. II. B’ester, of that city. Mr. Foster has been 
In the fertilizer business a good many years, and his goods always 
give satisfaction. He also wants local agents to handle his goods. 
It is ditllcult always to tellj jst the difference between two or more 
grades of tea, unless you are an expert, whion, we are frank to say 
we are not. Hence we like to get our tea where we are sure of the 
quality as compared with the price. We patronize tha Great Amerl- 
farmer can get his supply 
of both tea and coffee of this house 
OXEofthe best tools ever made for marking and furrowing for 
corn, potatoes and similar crops Is the Darnell’s furrower and marker 
made by II, W. Doughten, Moorestown, N. .1 The writer has used 
this tool and has seen it at work in different soils. It "marks straight” 
and scoops out tne farrow to any desired depth or width. Tnere Is no 
other tool Just like It oa the market-certalnly none that will equal 
Us work, it Is not often that we speak so decidedly in favor of a tool. 
Tnis one we know, and we can advise all readers who have not used 
It to send for ^ descriptive circular. 
