162 
THE RURAi. NEW-YORKER. 
March 10 
Farmers’ Club Discussions. 
Experience With Shavlnes Mantire. 
F. W. Card, Nebraska Experiment 
Station. —I feel like adding a word to 
the discussion concerning the use of 
planing mill shavings for bedding. I 
have no accurate results to give, but 
several years ago when growing vege¬ 
tables and small fruits for market, I 
depended on shavin.?s for bedding almost 
exclusively and also bought manure from 
other stables where they were used. I 
failed to see any bad effects from its use, 
and do not believe that any injury can 
result, in field work at least. On some 
accounts shavings are preferable to 
straw. Such manure can be more easily 
and evenly spread, and if the pile be 
accessible to poultry, it will all be so 
thoroughly worked over that there is no 
loss from fire-fanging as is so common 
with strawy manure. 
Hired Men Desired. 
Q. U., Wellington, III. —Talk about 
farm hands going Bast, there has been a 
scarcity of farm help in this community 
for the past seven years. Wages for 
good farm hands have not been less than 
$20 per month with board and washing, 
and in some cases as high as $25. For the 
coming summer, I have made an offer of 
$22 per month with board and washing to 
two different men and it was refused. 
Especially during harvest and corn-husk¬ 
ing are men scarce and wages good; in 
harvest from $1.25 to $1.75 per day is 
paid with board, and for corn-husking 
2^4 cents per bushel is the common price 
with board. A spry man will make from 
$1 50 to $2 per day. In 1892 an offer of 
$2 per day would not get me a man to 
drive my binder, and I was compelled 
alone and single-handed to cut and shock 
50 acres of heavy .oats. 
“Take A Tumble.” 
W. P. II., Royersford, Pa.—W hen an 
article becomes scarce, high prices pre¬ 
vail, as most of us have learned by ex¬ 
perience or observation. I have noticed 
that the tomato crop has to be short to 
enable canning houses to get a full sup¬ 
ply of tomatoes, and they have sent out 
agents among farmers soliciting growers 
of tomatoes for their factories. For two 
years they have been at my farm, and 
offered me a contract to grow for them. 
Of course I will do so, but my price is $10 
a ton, and theirs is $0 or $7 a ton, so that 
we cannot agree; $0 or $7 a ton is no 
price, and farmers know it. The factories 
cannot get a supply at those prices, 
but why don’t prices advance? What is 
the matter, and when will farmers get 
$10 a ton? I think we will get $10 a ton 
just as soon as cabbage-headed farmers 
take a tumble, and refuse to grow them 
for any less. Do farmers fix the prices 
on goods they buy? Should they not fix 
the prices on goods they sell, and all the 
more so when those goods are so scarce 
as to be in great demand? 
A Defense of Idaho. 
A. L R., Horseshoe Bend, Idaho.— 
In The R N.-Y. of December 16, 1893, 
page 842, is an article headed “Fruit and 
Other Notes from Idaho,” the writer’s 
post office was omitted, making his com¬ 
ments on fruit, etc., apply to all Idaho. 
This is an injastice to other localities 
more favorably located. It is a well- 
known fact that we grow successfully 
here, in Southwestern Idaho, along the 
valleys of the Saake, Boise, Payette and 
Weiser Rivers, any of the tender or hardy 
apples, cherries, plums, prunes, nectar¬ 
ines, peaches, apricots, quinces, pears 
and figs; also grapes, including the 
raisin varieties; about every variety of 
small berries, and fruits and vegetables 
without limit, including sweet potatoes 
and peanuts. The many grasses for 
meadow and pasture lands cannot be ex¬ 
celled for quantity and quality. These 
are not shallow squibs, for personal in¬ 
vestigation will establish every state¬ 
ment as true. Investigation is invited. 
Thousands of acres of good lands are 
open to homestead settlers in the valleys 
named and in other valleys of Idaho. Of 
course, the higher valleys surrounded by 
lofty mountains are colder, and the fruits 
and vegetables are limited to the hardy 
varieties. Our winter has broken—the 
coldest was one degree below zero. To¬ 
day (January 15) the snow is all gone, 
and it is raining hard. 
Eelffer Pear Cattlnes. 
W. F., Castle Shannon, Pa. —Your 
answer to B. C. B., Beverly, N. J., in The 
R. N.-Y. of January 27, on growing Keiffer 
pears from cuttings is correct, providing 
the word cutting is used in its strictest 
sense; but most of the Keiffer and Le 
Conte trees sent out by nurserymen as 
grown from cuttings are really root 
grafts. Pears from cuttings are very un¬ 
certain unless under very favorable cir¬ 
cumstances, and a small piece of apple 
root grafted on the pear cutting will in¬ 
sure a much larger per cent to grow, the 
apple roots feeding the cuttings, until 
they form roots of their own. I know 
there is an idea prevalent that any kind 
of a root other than a Keiffer will have a 
tendency to degenerate the Keiffer pear; 
but I think it would be about as reason¬ 
lfATCBK’8 OWN FEBTIL,IZBR. 
CANADA 
unleached 
HARDWOOD 
ASHES 
The Forest City Wood Ash Co., of London, Ceneda, 
have perfect facilities for handling them In proper 
shape. Bend for free Pamphlet and Guaranteed 
Analysis to 
TUB KOBK8T CITY WOOD A8H CO.. 
9 Merchants’ Bow. Boston. Mass. 
ASHES. 
For prices address TUOS. POTTS, Brantford. Ont. 
CANADA 
UNLEACHED 
HARDWOOD 
Hard 
Times 
(Fertilizers 
To meet the pres- 
entllard Times 
on Fanners,we 
will sell to farm¬ 
ers direct, for cash 
Good 
Fertilizers 
at the 
Lowest 
Wholesale 
__I Prices, 
T>fr ton. 
for Oom. Cotton and Peanuts, at SI 3.50 
for Trucking Crops and Potatoes 14.150 
for Oats, Tobacco and Fruits - J 15.00 
Also Muriate Potash, Kaln It, Sulphate Potash, 
Bone Black, Nitrate Soda, In large and small 
quantities. Send two 2-cent stamps for circulars. 
W. S. POWELL*. CO., 
Fertilizer Manufacturers, _Baltimore, Md. 
FERTILIZERS 
ARE UNPROFITABLE, 
Unless they Contain Sufficient Potash. 
Complete fertilizers should contain at least six per 
cent of Potash. Fertilizers for Potatoes. Tobacco. 
Fruits and Vegetables should contain from 10 to 1 
per cent of Potash. Farmers should use fertilizers 
cortalDlng enough potash or apply Potash salts, 
such as Muriate of Potash, Sulphate of Potash and 
Kalnlt. For Information and pamphlets, address, 
GERMAN KALI WORKS, 
93 Nassau Street. New York City. 
Salt for Fertilizer. 
Beet thing to use on Wheat, Barley, Oats, Hay and 
Potatoes. Natures restorer for worn out land. In¬ 
creases yield from 15 to 50 per cent. After long ex¬ 
perience we are preparing a grade exactly suited to 
the purpose. Write for prices delivered. 
THE LjbBOY SAIjT CO., LeRoy, N. Y 
un UP! UP! 
wiOiout a witlicror a waver in tlii’ir growth. 
able to suppose that feeding a calf on 
goat’s milk, would degenerate the off 
spring of the cow. 
Experience with Violets. 
W. G. R., Bennington, Vt. —Referring 
to F. E. M.’s question on page 117 of The 
R. N.-Y. concerning the Hardy English 
violet, although they are considered per¬ 
fectly hardy, I had about 500 of them 
winterkilled last winter, but that was 
unusual and doubtless due to the great 
severity of the winter. They are not the 
variety to force, as they do not bloom all 
winter. I have a loc in a greenhouse 
that are just beginning to bloom about 
the same date as they began last year, 
while the Marie Louise will bloom from 
October through the winter. For grow¬ 
ing in pits without heat for spring bloom¬ 
ing, they are fine, and when well grown 
the blooms are of large size and charm¬ 
ing fragrance. I grow them in pits 13^ 
to 2 feet below the surface of the ground. 
This seems to be a good ways from the 
glass, but the blooms are fine and the 
flowers come above the foliage instead of 
hiding beneath it as when grown near 
the glass. The stems are from three to 
four or more inches long. But for winter 
blooms, grow Marie Louise. Good for J. 
C. S., page 119 ; that’s my religion. 
G. A., Jr., Rochester, N. Y.—The 
hardy violet produces a moderate crop 
of its delightful blooms for two or three 
weeks, and is done for the year. The 
Marie Louise is almost “perpetual.” I 
see no difference in the varieties as to 
length of stems when they are grown 
under the same conditions, under glass or 
outside. 
The “ Potash” In Sulphate and Mnrlate. 
J. P. S,, New Jersey Experiment 
Station. —In The R N.-Y., February 10, 
in answer to a query of G, H. 11., with 
reference to potash salts, an error is 
made which should be corrected in the 
interests of scientific agriculture. The 
statement made is : “Sulphate of potash 
is, by weight, just half pure potash, so 
that in ‘95 per cent sulphate,’ there is one- 
half that, or 47K per cent pure potash, 
* * * The muriate is also 50 per 
cent pure potash and an 82 per cent 
material may be figured in tne same 
way.” It is the usual practice in 
publishing analyses of fertilizers to 
report the potash as potassium oxide, 
or actual potash. Pure sulpha’e of 
potash contains, by weight, 54 per cent 
of actual potash. A 95 per cent sulphate, 
therefore, would contain 54 per cent of 
95, or 51.3 per cent actual potash, which is 
equivalent to 1,026 pounds per ton. Pure 
muriate of potash, by weight, contains 
63.3 percent of actual potash. An 82 per 
cent muriate contains, therefore, 63.3 per 
cent of 82, or 51.9 per cent actual potash, 
or 1038 pounds per ton. At the prices 
named, $50 for sulphate and $43 for muri¬ 
ate, the potash would therefore cost 4 9 
cents and 4 1 cents respectively. 
£x-trea8urer of Kansas. 
J. H. Hamilton, the ex-tressurerof Kansas, writes: 
" I had seven barren mares that were made to breed 
by the nse of the Perfect Impregnator bought of 
Specialty Mfg. Co., Carrollton, Mo.”—Adr. 
CROPS 
INCREASED 
AND QUALITY IMPROVED 
BY THE USE 
OF OUR 
Fertilizers. 
WE MANUFACTURE A 
FULL LINE OF 
Bone Super 
Phosphates \ 
. . and . . 
Special Fertilizers 
for different crops and soils. It pays to use 
them ou 
CRAIN, GRASS, 
VEGETABLES, FRUITS, 
TOBACCO, TREES 
AND VINES, 
in fact everything that grows in or out of the 
ground. We keep in stock all fertilizing 
chemicals and materials. 
The Clevelanil Dryer Co. 
Fertilizer Exchange, 130 SUMMIT STREEl, 
CLEVELAND. OHIO. 
Your Fruit Trees and Vines 
will go. If nourished with 
Pioneer Orchard and 
Garden flanures 
—and they’ll bear the best of fruit. 
Our pamphlet ‘‘Whal’s The Matter With 
The Orehard?”--free to anyone. Address 
THE JARECKI CHEMICAL CO., Sandusky, Ohio. 
Cm ! pq 
THEN TRY THE 
Bone Manures 
MADE BY 
THE WESTERN UXION 
chemical CO., 
130 Sammit St., Cleveland, 0. 
tW~SBND FOR DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULAR. 
SPECIAL SALE. 
Satisfactory Wall Papers. 
8 c. for postage. lOO Samples, Half Price. 
F. H.Cadv, Providence, R 1 , guarantees to suit yon 
C'f' A tPe 50 varieties, many rare, 8 c. Agents 
O I AaIYIi wanted. 51 per cent commission 
J. A. WHlOUT. Box 18", Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Blood 
Nerve 
Tonic 
50c. 
per box. 
e for 812.50. 
Send for 
descriptive 
pamphlet. 
. WILLIAMS' 
MEDICINE CO., 
Schenectady, N.Y. 
and Brockville, Out. 
VIRGINIA FARMS. 
Virginia and the Carolinas Illustrated. 
Handbook of the three Rtates, giving much general 
Information, wltn descrlptl.ns of many Bne farms 
for sale; handsomely lllusTated by photogravures 
of the farms and scenery throughout the states; 
postpaid lor 25 cents. 
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Box ofJyOjrigars^^aiuLWatch^for^^^ 
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