1894 
525 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
What They Say. 
Revknge fob X Dog. —One day I caught a neigh¬ 
bor’s worthless cur on my farm, attacking one of my 
sheep, which I saved by shooting the dog. After 
vainly trying to make me pay for the dead dog, the 
owner said he “ had no intention of letting the matter 
drop.” Recently I unknowingly violated a certain 
law, and the dog owner reported me ; whereupon I 
was fined, half of which, I believe, went to the in¬ 
former, who now grins at me. Of course he reported 
me out of spite. Is not this a species of blackmail ? 
He is a poor man, and I would not harm him, but I 
would like to give him a good scare. J. p. 
New Jersey. 
R. N.-Y.—We think there is no chance for black¬ 
mail in that. Better let the man alone, and wait for 
a chance to “ heap coals of fire on his head.” 
Women and Winebebkies. —I believe that Dr. Park- 
hurst is wrong in his estimate of woman’s worth. 
Wherever tried, the better class of women do vote, and 
always have, for the betterment of humanity and on 
the side of temperance, law and order, religion, 
schools and civilization generally. If their aid is in¬ 
voked, and they are in the lead in mission enterprises, 
kindergartens, charities and benevolent organiza¬ 
tions throughout the civilized world, why should 
their influence be so blasting and poisonous in State 
affairs? No 1 Hang political slavery 1 Liberty never 
ruined any people. 
The Japanese wineberry is teetotally worthless 
here. It killed to the ground with a tight oak barrel 
* set over it, open end down, with earth banked up on 
the outside. Yet it is ahead, as it is the only solitary 
thing alive of all the hundreds of the abominably 
little sickly plants of Great Tree blackberry. All 
Summer raspberry, etc., that have been sent into 
this county. With the best nursing, they put on a 
few sickly leaves, then gave up the ghost. a. j. 8. 
Urbana, Ill. 
The Quince Rust. —Nearly every day, there are re¬ 
ceived at this station, samples of quince rust on the 
fruit or twigs, together with letters inquiring whether 
it is a new or serious disease, and what remedial 
measures may be used against it. These inquiries 
have become so numerous that I thought it would be 
well to present to the horticultural readers of The 
R. N.-Y. a brief statement of the nature of the disease. 
The quince rust is caused by a fungous parasite. The 
fungous threads permeate the tissues of the infected 
twig or fruit, causing an enlargement and consequent 
deformity of the affected parts. Over the diseased 
surface, there appear small dots or pimples which 
afterwards break open and show whitish fringed 
edges, sometimes an eighth of an inch in diameter. 
Within these pimples, is produced an orange dust 
which gives the diseased parts the rusty color, and 
from which it receives its name. The orange dust is 
composed of the spores which are functionally the 
seeds of the disease. The fungus is known as Roestelia 
aurantiaca, Pk. One stage of it is found on the Red 
cedar or low juniper, where it causes swellings known 
as cedar galls. Some scientists have stated that if the 
spores from the juniper galls were prevented from 
going to the quince, the trouble with the quince rust 
would soon cease, and, therefore, recommend the cut¬ 
ting out of diseased Red cedar or low j uniper trees in 
the vicinity of the orchard. It has not yet been dem¬ 
onstrated that spraying is of any practical benefit in 
preventing the quince rust. So far as I am aware, 
the disease does not cause serious injury in this State. 
Director N. Y. Exp. Station. i’eteb collieb. 
Unfkbmented Wink. —I notice in the answer to A. S. 
in a recent R. N.-Y., the method given for preparing 
sweet or unfermented wine from the grape differs 
somewhat from my method. I give mine for compari¬ 
son : Wash carefully well-ripened grapes free from 
rot or mildew, without breaking the skins. Place on 
a alow fire and let them heat thoroughly without com¬ 
ing to the boiling point. As soon as the skins break 
and leave the pulp, remove from the fire, and when a 
little cool, place in a wine press or jelly bag and 
squeeze out the juice. Return to the fire and heat to 
the boiling point after adding one teacupful of granu¬ 
lated sugar to each two quarts of the juice. Cooking 
more thoroughly liberates the medical properties of 
the grape, which lie immediately under the skin. Have 
good, clean bottles at hand, fill with the hot juice and 
seal immediately. Be sure to use new corks, pushing 
them at least a quarter of an inch intj the mouth of 
the bottle, and fill up with good sealing wax. Remove 
to a dark, cool place. This forms one of the most pal¬ 
atable as well as nutritious drinks found in the cate¬ 
gory of summer beverages. It is wholesome and re¬ 
freshing for invalids or those convalescing from fevers, 
and especially valuable in low fevers and dysentery. 
This was the only harvest drink my father prepared 
for use in the field; it was either “ grape lemonade,” 
water or buttermilk with ice, and when these drinks 
were moderately used, we seldom heard complaints of 
sick-headache or from overheating while harvesting. 
Grape juice virtually takes the place of the lunch in 
the harvest field. w. G. m. 
Rockwood, Tenn. 
A Stbawbebby Test. —I was much interested in 
strawberry notes in The R. N.-Y. With me, on heavy 
loam upland and a southeast exposure, Beebe and 
Barton’s Eclipse are promising. Beder Wood is the 
best new berry. Among the failures, Parker Earle 
stands first. Edgar Queen and Dayton both set much 
fruit, but the foliage was so heavy it did not color up. 
Auburn also behaved in the same way. Gov. Hoard, 
at blooming time, led the patch, but failed at picking 
time. Burt did not do well. Drew bore a few large 
berries, quality much like Brandywine. Mrs. Cleve¬ 
land, good size, fairly productive, foliage the best. 
Gillespie and Crawford had some very fine berries, but 
are shy bearers. Woolverton, Beverly and Princess 
are all worthy of further trial. We thought Woolver¬ 
ton gave us our finest looking berries. Babach No. 5 
and Haverland were our main planting, but I am 
ready to discard both. The white grub destroys the 
Bubach and makes it impossible to get good rows. I 
put on bone meal last year (all plants were spring 
set), one ton per acre in midsummer and 100 pounds 
nitrate of soda this spring. One row left without, 
produced almost as much fruit, but the vines were 
smaller. When and in what quantity should the bone 
meal and muriate of potash be put on for next year’s 
crop ? J* P- 
Wawa, Pa. 
R. N.-Y.—We would use one part muriate of potash 
to three of fine ground bone. As to the amount—as 
much over 1,200 pounds per acre as you can afford. 
Our ideal plan would be to use these fertilizers very 
early in the spring before the plants have made any 
growth. Broadcast and work in well. It may be that 
your soil needs potash and thus did not respond better 
to the bone meal. 
Saving Manube. —Why not have the cellar or base¬ 
ment under the barn for catching and holding all ma¬ 
nure, both solid and liquid ? In this way, all is easily 
saved. By allowing hogs access to the cellar, the 
manure does not burn or “ fire fang,” is well mixed 
and ready for use. My stable was originally left with 
an opening back of the horses and cattle, an inch 
wide for the liquid to pass through. Two years ago, 
I closed the opening, and now use sawdust enough to 
absorb the urine with good results. My cellar is prop¬ 
erly ventilated, and the stable is sweet, clean and en¬ 
tirely free from offensive odors. Of course, when the 
trap doors are up to clean the stables, there is occa¬ 
sionally some smell, but as it seems to me, there is far 
less of the disagreeable or unwholesome odor than 
with attached sheds, drains, etc., connected with the 
elaborate arrangements so frequently mentioned by 
agricultural writers. With the stable slightly raised 
above the level of the surrounding ground, with tight 
floors and plenty of windows and doors in the cellar, 
ventilation can be made very nearly perfect. 
About composting manure : Many writers urge fork¬ 
ing over, making compact piles, etc. Last fall I com¬ 
menced drawing manure from a city stable, and apply¬ 
ing it to the land, spreading from the wagon as fast 
as drawn. I continued using this “green” manure 
on land for various crops up to late planting. On 
some of our land, we used old, well-rotted manure. 
In other places, the manure drawn from the city as 
fast as made. At this writing (July 23), I am fully 
satisfied that for general market garden crops, the best 
time to use stable manure is as soon as possible after 
it is made. We spread, as already stated, from the 
wagon, and as often as practicable, thoroughly mix 
with the soil with plow, cultivator or harrow, and 
allow the manure to decompose in the soil. Thus far, 
I have seen no evil effects from using green stable 
manure. The R. N -Y. for July 14 is worth to me 
more than the price of a year’s subscription, b t. w. 
Rochester, Mass. 
Did the Guebnseys Beat the Jebseys ? —In The 
R N.-Y. of July 21, under the heading “ A Champion 
English Guernsey,” I find the following language: 
“ The Guernsey breeders claim that even this [the 
Chicago] test shows that their cattle are the most 
economical dairy cows. . . . The Guernsey men 
claim that if the butter were figured at 20 or 25 cents — 
the prices obtained by ordinary farmers—the Guern¬ 
seys would make the better showing.” 
This is a misrepresentation, and is equally repre¬ 
hensible whether it arises from ignorance or design. 
The author of such reckless assertions probably rea¬ 
sons (and correctly too) that not one reader in a 
thousand will ever take the pains to verify the state¬ 
ment. For this reason, I desire to call attention to 
the matter for the benefit of the remaining 999. It is 
not true that the Guernseys would have made a greater 
net profit than the Jerseys in the 30 days’ test, if the 
butter had been rated at 25 cents per pound, or 20 
cents, or even 17 cents. It is true that they made but¬ 
ter in this test at a cost of 47-100 of a cent a pound 
lower than did the Jerseys, and all just men should 
cheerfully concede them that glory as far as it goes. 
But when the facts are perverted so as to rob the 
Jerseys of the credit due them, in the name of fairness 
I protest. 
As to the 90 days’ test, the facts are still more palpa¬ 
bly distorted. For in it the Jerseys made their butter 
at a cost of 13 3-10 cents per pound, while the Guernsey 
butter cost 14 4-10, a difference in favor of the Jerseys 
of 6-10 of a cent. Hence, at no price at which the 
butter might have been credited, could the Guernseys 
possibly have made the better showing. More than 
that; the Jersey butter, if sold at the cost of the 
Guernsey, would leave a net profit of $28,17 ; while 
the Guernsey butter, if sold at the cost of the Jersey, 
would result in a loss of $20.46. 
I do not believe in excuses, but for any who do, I 
will suggest the following reasons why the Guernseys 
may have made the cheaper pound of butter in the 30 
days’test: 1. They had fi^e substituted cows while 
the Jerseys had but three, one of which had been five 
months in milk. 2. Early in the test the Jersey, Hugo 
Countess, had a teat stepped on and the tip taken off 
by her next neighbor, causing caked quarter. She 
must have suffered greatly by it, for she lost 120 
pounds in 30 days. 3. Two other Jerseys caught 
severe colds in the show ring early in the test, and did 
not recover during the test. It may be that the Guern¬ 
seys met with more misadventures. If not, it is en¬ 
tirely reasonable to suppose that barring those acci¬ 
dents, or by handling for that specific purpose, ihe 
Jerseys would have beaten the Guernseys on the cost 
per pound. In this test, too, “butter was the desider¬ 
atum pure and simple.” No credit was given for 
skim-milk, buttermilk, or solids, not fat, in all of 
which the Jerseys excelled in amount. 
I do not desire to detract a whit from the merits of 
the Guernseys. To attempt to do so would be in¬ 
directly to stigmatize the Jerseys, for they are “ own 
cousins,” bred very much alike and for the same ob¬ 
jects. But whatever is claimed for them should be 
restricted to fact and truth. joun j. bkkck. 
R. N.-Y.—Mr. Breck forgets that we gave the official 
figures, so that any one could figure out the matter. 
What Say? 
To Keep Roots. —1 am growing, this year, a fine 
crop of mangels and carrots, and am not familiar 
with the process of keeping them through the winter, 
or the manner in which they should be fed to cows 
or hogs. Will some of the experienced readers of 
The R. N.-Y. give some information upon this subject? 
Greensboro, N. C. d. s. 
Sheep Questions Asked —It was with much interest 
that I read Mr. Wing’s article on the feeding of lambs 
in The R. N.-Y. some time ago. I would like to ask a 
few questions and also to give my experience. Having 
castrated my lambs when they were small, and not 
being able to sell them for a satisfactory price, I fed 
them last winter with my ewes. The 53 sheep were 
fed one bushel of shelled corn per day, with corn 
fodder, after running on grass until Christmas. They 
had the run of a 30-acre field and a shed to go in when 
they chose. After running on rye, about May 1 they 
brought me $4.30 per 100 pounds, and weighed 92 
pounds, thus bringing nearly $4 per head. The lambs 
would not have brought me over $2 per head last fall, so 
I think I made a profit on them. What does Mr. Wing 
think? Will Mr. Wing and Mr. Woodward give their ex¬ 
perience in the matter of castrating lambs of 50 pounds 
weight? What shall I feed them ? Bran is worth $17 
per ton, eight miles away ; wheat is worth 46 cents 
per bushel in the barn, corn 50 cents, and cotton-seed 
meal $24 per ton, three miles away. I have a mill 
to grind feed, near by. I am feeding hogs wheat 
meal. At the price above, is bran cheaper ? I think 
I can buy what iambs I want in November for three 
cents per pound or less, so I would like to have the 
benefit of the knowledge of experienced feeders. 
I shall have corn fodder and rag-weed hay as coarse 
feed. How late does Mr. Wing keep his lambs ? 
Halfway, Va. o. h f. 
BUSINESS BITS. 
Ukad the new ada. of CilmsoQ clover. Don't forget the old ones, 
either. 
Mb. Duclos. of Park Farm. New Brunswick, N. J., wants to sell off 
hlB reglsteied Berkshlres at very low prices. 
BicuAKJ) Gibson. Delaware. Ont .Canada, breeds Short-horn cattle, 
Shropshire sheep, Berkshire and Improved Yorkshire swine. Those 
who want such animals may rest assured that they can obtain splen¬ 
did specimens from Mr. Gibson. Try It. 
We have told bur readers about the famous “Thorndale ” Shrop¬ 
shire sheep. There are no liner specimens of the breed anywhere 
There 1) to be a grand auction sale of these sheep on September 18. 
and this will afford all those who are Interested In this breed, a One 
chance to secure choice specimens. Write to Oaklelgh Thorne, Mill- 
brook, N. Y., for a catalogue. 
BAi.ien hav and straw of good quality are sure to bring good prices 
this year. The drought has cut the crop In many sections, and a light 
crop always means an Increased price. Hay must be well baled, or It 
will not sell. There Is no economy in trying to do a cheap Job. You 
need a good press If you are to use any. Such a press Is made by the 
Sandwich Manufacturing Co., of Sandwich, 111. Send at once for their 
circulars, and see what they offer. 
