698 
THE rural NEW-YORKER 
Penalty for Selling Foul Seeds. 
“ Mokalitv,” New York.— I am afraid 
that II. L. C., page r)U3, will riin some 
ri.sk in selling turnip and mustard seeds 
mixed for the pure seed of either kind, 
besides that of damages to which The 
R. N.-Y. advisedly calls his attention. 
Under the Penal Code in this State, what 
formerly constituted embezzlement and 
obtaining money under false pretenses, 
now constitutes larceny. However, if 
one confine himself to crime in a small 
way, say to the amount of $2.5 or less, he 
may be charged with petit larceny only, 
for which the maximum penalty is one 
year’s imprisonment in the penitentiary, 
and a fine of $500. If the money or prop¬ 
erty obtained by color or aid of fraudu¬ 
lent or false representations, or pretense 
or any false token or writing, exceeds 
$25 in value, grand larceny in the .second 
degree is the result with a maximum 
penalty of five years’ impri.sonment. If 
the business is carried on by machinery, 
so to speak (above $500) it will come 
within the definition of grand larceny 
in the first degree and may take one 
away from his family for 10 years. Hut 
it may be added, in this matter of pen¬ 
alty, as suggested by you in the matter 
of damages, that certain facts must first 
be established. In the former, in order 
to subject II. L. C. to punishment, the 
victim must prove that the statement or 
representation was false, and was made 
designedly with knowledge of its falsity, 
and with an intent to cheat and defraud, 
and was I'elied upon by the person de¬ 
frauded. 
Tl/ose Grubs Again. 
G. A. P., W’ll.AWANA, Pa. —While Fred 
Grundy is always entertaining, he is 
sometimes superficial, as in his article on 
Images 551 and 04(5. None of his critics 
denies the truth of his statement con¬ 
cerning the destructiveness of the white 
grub, or implies that he “does not 
know a white grub” when he sees it. It 
may be that the grubs are sometimes 
bred in stable manure, and thus applied 
to the soil. 1 venture no opinion on the 
subject, but will give an instance that 
may have some bearing. A number of 
years ago, some well rotted manure that 
contained numerous small, white grubs 
resembling those .so injurious to the 
potato and strawberry, was applied to a 
plot, and strawberries set at once. Dur¬ 
ing the earlier cultivation, many of the 
grubs were exposed to view. Some were 
sent to the New York Times and were 
pronounced grubs common to manure 
and not the troublesome strawberry 
pest. As to results : No plants were in¬ 
jured that year or the next. 
A strawberry bed if left to bear two 
or more crops, may become infested, and 
if plowed under and re-set, injury may 
follow whether manured or not. If Mr. 
Grundy has ground upon which potatoes 
have been growm two or more years 
without injiiry, let him manure it heav¬ 
ily with manure produced this winter 
and set it to strawberries next spring. 
It may enlighten him. It will also pay 
him carefully to re-read the articles 
criticised. 
On page (546 II. S. H. sa 3 >^s : “ On the 
contrary, when I have used no manure, 
I have had much injury from the grub.” 
A superficial reader might infer that 
II. S. II. considers manure a preventive 
of the grub. 
About Second-Crop Potatoes. 
D. \V. D., Hickman, Ky.—The R. N.¬ 
Y.’s experiment with seed for growing 
second-crop potatoes, page 602, was al¬ 
together wrong. Potatoes intended for 
planting for second-crop should never be 
exposed to the direct rays of the sun. 
About four years ago, I discovered the 
mmense superiority of the second-crop 
potato, both for seed and the table ; since 
that time I have tried a great many 
methods to get a perfect stand of second- 
crop potatoes—with only partial success. 
The method giving best results was to dig 
the first crop as soon as the vines died, 
and place the potatoes for the second- 
crop planting, in a cool, shady cellar. 
Here they remained undisturbed until 
planting time, about August 15. The 
ground intended for this crop was made 
as fine as flour, very fertile and free from 
trash and rubbish of all kinds. 1 marked 
out the furrows with a flaring shovel 
plow 12 inches deep, dropped the .seed 
potatoes (every one barely scalped at the 
seed end) immediately, and covered two 
to four inches deep. Very little, if any, 
further cultivation is necessary, except 
to work the fine soil into the trench as 
the potatoes come up and advance in 
growth. 1 decidedly prefer the Ten¬ 
nessee Triumph to any other variety I 
know, for second-crop planting. It never 
seeds, and I think this characteristic 
causes it to sprout when other varieties 
would not. It is the effort of nature to 
reproduce, which in this variety, can be 
done only from the tuber. 
Crimson Clover Experience. 
W. P. McC., Tkoy, Pa.—I n the fall of 
189.'5, I plowed five acres of worn-out 
Timothy sod, early in April, prepared 
the ground by thoroughly harrowing, 
and then applied 250 pounds of bone 
phosiihate and 50 pounds of muriate of 
potash, mixed, per acre. April 19, I 
sowed two bu.shels of oats and nine 
quarts of Crimson clover seed per acre ; 
both came up promptly. June 15 a 
drought set in, and both made a poor 
growth until the middle of July when 
rain fell and the clover then grew 
rapidly. At the time of cutting the oats 
the clover was 16 inches high and thick 
on the ground. On thrashing the oats, 
I saved the clover-mixed straw to feed 
my horses. It made an excellent hay, 
and animals thrive on it as well as on 
Timothy. 
Hut the point I wish to make in favor 
of the clover is this : After the oats were 
removed, the clover continued to grow 
rapidly—stooled and made a good heavy 
.sod. The last of September I plowed it 
under and sowed the ground to rye. 1 
am fully sati.sfied that the ground is 
richer and improved in every wuiy on 
account of the clover. I pronounce it a 
success. I got a good crop of oats—27 
bushels to the acre, in a very poor season, 
four tons of good hay, and a heavy clover 
sod to plow under. 
THe Irrigation for Celery. 
C. E. C., Newark, N. Y.—In reply to 
G. E. K., Carey, O., page 600, I would 
say that 1 have at this time, a piece of 
celery that is very fine, raised by means 
of subirrigation. I used two-inch tiles, 
and placed them in trenches five feet 
apart, but only four inches below the 
surface as I expected to use them only 
one season. A stream runs along one 
end of the patch, across which I placed 
a platform and on it a cistern pump. 
With a piece of damaged fire hose I con¬ 
ducted the water to each of the lines of 
tile. Perhaps G. E. K. can keep his tile 
full of water but, pump as fast as I 
could, for half an hour, I could not get 
my tiles full, much less keep them full. 
During our dry August, twice a week, I 
pumped about half an hour in each line 
of tile (80 feet long) or until moisture 
began to show on the surface. My sub¬ 
irrigation has been a success. 
Foul Proposition About a Fair. 
L. E. K. L., Houston, Neb.—I inclose 
a brainj" (?) editorial clipped from one of 
our progressive (?) county papers, w'hich 
in the interest of agriculture I ask you 
to reproduce in The R. N.-Y. In the 
name of the powers that be, I would 
like to have somebody, somewhere, rise 
up and tell me what this world is com¬ 
ing to anyhow. Yes, the York County 
Fair was a flat failure, there is no deny¬ 
ing that; it was a failure last year also. 
All of us wdio took premiums on exhibits 
were obliged to wait until last April for 
our money, and then received but 50 and 
75 cents on the dollar. Why ? All on 
account of that selfsame, highly edify¬ 
ing speed ring. What an education it 
is, to be sure ! What a source of revenue 
to the hor.se jockey and the gambler! 
The speed ring captures the receipts 
first, last and always, while the farmer 
pockets a diploma for his share in the 
performance, and goes home filled with 
food for reflection. Again I ask, what 
are we coming to ? 
The article referred to follows. Here 
is a chance for somebody to talk. 
The county fair is over and there Is no use dis- 
^ising the fact that It was a flat and miserable 
failure in a financial way. There is no prospect 
that the management can pay but little, if any¬ 
thing, above the actual expenses, leaving those 
with claims for premiums out in the cold and 
forced to accept a very small per cent. The dry 
weather and crop failure had a great deal to do 
with this condition, but with an average crop, the 
fair would have been a success in a financial 
way. The experiment has certainly been tried 
often enough in this county to adopt another 
plan. To pay premiums at a fair, it is necessary 
to have gate receipts, and those cannot be had 
without something to bring the people—to attract 
them by the hundreds and thousands. A good 
show of stock, grain and pumpkins will not do 
this. The attraction that brings the crowds from 
far and near, and fills the treasury, is the speed 
ring. If the fair management will offer and 
guarantee the payment of good purses from $2(X) 
to $.5(X) where they have been offering $.50 to $1(X), 
the entries will come from every corner of the 
State, and will pay in entry fees enough to make 
the purses, and the horsemen will trot for their 
own. Such purses will cost the society less actu^J 
outlay than the little purses now offered. Such 
races well advertised will bring the crowds and 
fill the grounds and the society will be able to 
pay its obligations and have a good fair. The 
old plan has proved a failure, let the other plan 
be tried for a year and see if York County cannot 
have a fair that will be a credit to the county, 
and one that will pay. 
Under Discussion—October 20, page 
666—our respected friend, C. S. Rice, de¬ 
fends the use of the word “ phosphates’’ 
for fertilizers in general. He contends 
that it “ is no more indefinite than the 
term manure as applied to that farm 
product. One sample of manure may 
contain two or three times as much plant 
food as some other sample, but both are 
properly called manure. A phosphate, 
as the term is used among farmers, may 
be a superphosphate and may contain 
$20 or $40 in value of plant food to the 
ton ; but it is bought and sold under the 
general name of phosphate.” 
Manure is a comprehensive word, mean¬ 
ing anything that will enrich the land 
by the application of a fertilizing sub¬ 
stance ; anything that will make pro¬ 
ductive by compost, dung, or other like 
substances, as, e. g., the contents of 
stables and barnyards, marl, ashes, de¬ 
caying animal or vegetable substance. 
This is Webster’s definition. To this 
{Continued on next page.) 
|Hi]&’rrHnnfou.si 
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sickness from the 
sudden changes of 
temperature, and 
the prevalence of malarial germs at this 
season. Hood’s Sarsaparilla makes pure 
blood, builds up the nerves, and imparts 
strength to the whole body. 
Hood’s Pills cure all liver ills, biliousness. 
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