738 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
THK 8CIKNCE OF FEEDING STOCK. 
Pakt IV. 
We now know what balance we want 
between muscle-makers and fat-formers 
(with the pure fat multiplied by and 
figured in) for milch cows. When you 
hear nutritive ratio spoken of, you will 
know that it means this proportion of 
1 to .5 2-5 which was explained last week. 
Now to get at those feeding problems 
properly, we will repeat the little table: 
POUNDS DIOKBTIBLE IN 100. 
Protein. Carbohydrates. 
Muscle-Makers. Fat-Formers. Pure Fat. 
Ensilivpre. 1.20 12. 0..53 
Corn meal. 7.'^ 63.40 3.29 
Timothy hay.. 3.67 41.25 1.03 
Clover hay_ 7.82 40.25 1.49 
Bran. 11.72 44.66 2.58 
A “stand.ard ration” contains 2‘/4 pounds muscle- 
makers, 12vi pounds fat-formers and 2-5 pound of 
pure fat. 
1. Make a standard r.ation out of ensilage, clover 
hay and bran. How many pounds of each needed? 
2. Make another out of Timothy, corn meal and 
ensilage. 
3. Miike a third out of clover, bran and Timothy, 
by the time this reaches you. I presume 
you will have all these figures worked 
out. Look first at the analysis of ensil¬ 
age. It is weak in muscle-makers. In 
order to get our needed 23^ pounds of these 
substances, we would have to feed 210 
pounds in round numbers. You see that 
from the fact that in 100 pounds of ensil¬ 
age there is but 1 1-5 pound of these 
muscle-makers. Now look at our 210 
pounds of en.silage, and see what such a 
ration would contain—figuring from the 
lier cents given in the table. Here it is : 
Muscle-maker.s. 2i4 pounds. 
Fat-formers.25 l-5i>ounds. 
Pure fat.11 pounds. 
Now there is a splendid illustration of a 
wasteful and poorly balanced ration. A 
cow could not eat 210 pounds of ensilage 
day after day, but if she could in order 
to get the needed pounds of muscle- 
makers, she would waste 12 pounds of fat-, 
formers, and more than 10 pounds of pure 
fat. Now we begin to see clearly the ad¬ 
vantage of knowing what there is in our 
cattle foods. How much clover hay and 
bran must w'e add to the ensilage ? Let 
us take them in the same way. In order 
to get our 23^ pounds of muscle-makers 
we would have to feed, alone, in round 
numbers 32 pounds of clover hay or 21 
pounds of bran. What else %vould these 
rations contain ? 
32 POUNDS CLOVER. 21 POUNDS BRAN. 
Muscle-makers. 2*4 lbs. Muscle-makers.. 2V^lbs. 
F'at-formers 12?i£ lbs. Fat-formers. 9!4 lbs. 
Pure fat. *4 lb. Pure fat. lb. 
You see that good clover hay just as it 
stands, has about the right “nutritive 
ratio,” and the 32 pounds per day would 
give about the proper amounts of the 
three desired substances. Hut any one 
who has ever tried feeding cows on clover 
hay alone, knows that he will not obtain 
the best results on that dry and bulky 
food. Milk is a perfect food for a baby, 
but man cannot do his best Avork on milk 
alone — or can he on cheese, the solid 
part of milk. A combination of foods is 
always desirable. We shall learn more 
about this when we come to speak of 
the effect of the different foods, both on 
the system and on the product. Just 
now we want to practice on mixing 
these foods so as to give what the animal 
needs with the least possible w^aste. In 
making up a ration containing ensilage, 
we should first determine how much of 
that may safely be given to a cow. That 
depends on the amount you have in the 
silo and the number of cows, as well as 
its effect on the animals. We would 
rather feed 25 than 40 pounds, but let us 
put the figure at 30 to be fair. The 30 
pounds of ensilage give us 3^ pound 
muscle-makers, 3 3-5 pounds fat-formers 
and .16 pound pure fat. We need clover 
and bran enough to provide 2 1-6 pounds 
muscle-makers, 8 9-10 pounds fat-formers 
and .24 pound pure fat. 
Now, 15 pounds of clover hay make a 
big bulk—we doubt if it will pay to feed 
a larger quantity of hay. See what 15 
pounds of hay contain and how much 
bran will be needed to make up the 
needed quantity of muscle-makers. It is 
not hard to find that eight pounds will 
about do it, so we are able to make up 
the following ration. Remember this is 
figured for 1,000 pounds of cow. This is 
only valuable as an illustration, and few 
farmers would be called upon to take 
such foods and make up an entirely new 
ration from them. What most of them 
will want to do is to correct poor rations 
that are now being fed by feeding less 
or cheaper fodder, or adding some 
stronger grain to the ration. The quick¬ 
est and simplest way is to take the 
needed mu.scle-makers for the basis of 
figuring. Get them right and you can 
easily make up 
the needed fat. 
This, 
then, is what we have : 
Muscle- 
Fat- 
Pure 
makers. 
formers. 
fat. 
30 pounds ensilage.. 
.36 
3.60 
.159 
15 pounds clover.... 
1.17 
6.03 
.223 
8 pounds bran. 
.93 
3.57 
.206 
Total. 
. 2.46 
13.20 
.588 
We do not say that is the best ration 
that can be made from those three feeds. 
We will leave that until some of our 
friends send in their figures, and then 
w'e can make comparisons. When you 
come to take up the next problem, you 
will find a harder job yet, because corn 
meal, ensilage and Timothy hay are all 
deficient in muscle-makers as compared 
with the fat-making parts. Combine 
them as you will, you cannot get enough 
muscle-makers without quite a waste of 
fat. 
See how easily that is shown. In order 
to obtain the needed muscle-makers in 
corn meal alone w-e must feed about 35 
pounds, and this amount would also give 
22 pounds of fat-formers and 1.15 pound 
of pure fat which, as we easily see, gives 
a waste. Or take Timothy hay in the 
same manner. In order to obtain our 
23^ pounds of muscle-makers, we must 
feed 68 pounds of that hay and with it, 
we must feed 28 pounds of fat-formers 
and .70 pound of pure fat. The bran 
and the clover hay would help you 
greatly there, and cotton-seed or linseed 
meal would be even more helpful, for the 
proportion of muscle-makers in them is 
much greater, and a small quantity mixed 
with the ensilage and Timothy would 
quickly balance the ration even if we 
fed corn stalks instead of hay. All that 
comes in later ; let us not get ahead of 
our work. Wait now till we get your 
figures for comparison. 
Here is another important side of the 
matter which we may take up at the same 
time. What are your cows eating nmv ? 
We can’t possibly get a better basis for 
figuring out a “balanced ration” than 
the actual practice in our own barns. 
Mr. E. C. Hirge of Connecticut, began 
studying this matter last January, and 
determined to see how his actual farm 
practice tallied with what the scientists 
told him. So with his table of analyses, 
he w'ent out to the barn and carefully 
weighed the food given one cow—which 
was a fair sample for the herd. His cows 
are large ones, kept for milk. Mr. Birge 
made out the result of his work as fol¬ 
lows. The food given in one day was : 
Protein, Carbohy- 
muscle- drates, fat- Pure 
Pounds, makers, formers, fat. 
Mixed Timothy. 8 .30 3.59 .08 
Rye hay. 10 .35 4.72 .06 
Ensilage. 40 .48 4.80 .21 
Wheat middlings ... 3 .27 1.64 .08 
Cotton-seed meal ... 2,% .75 .40 .18 
Total. 63^ 2.15 15.15 .61 
Now, that is easy to understand. The 
cows w'ere fed, each day, eight pounds of 
mixed Timothy hay, 10 of rye hay, 40 of 
ensilage, three of wheat middlings and 
23^ of cotton-seed meal. These foods, 
figured by the analyses, gave 2.15 pounds 
of muscle-makers, 15.15 pounds of fat- 
formers and .61 pound of pure fat. That 
was close to the standard for a guess, 
and what we want to know is, how it 
can be improved. Now without further 
comment and comparison at this time, 
we would like a statement of your feed¬ 
ing in the same way. Give the weights 
of your cow’s daily food and send it to 
us. That will give us the best chance to 
illustrate what we mean by a true 
balance between muscle-makers and fat- 
formers, and we can see what we must 
add in order to save food and still feed 
our cows what they need. 
Vacuum 
j I keeps boots, 
J—/C3,tllCr shoes, 
and harness 
soft, tough, new-looking, and long- 
lasting. Keeps the water out oi 
them also. 
25c. worth is a fair trial—and your 
money back if you want it—a swob 
witli each can. 
I'or p.imphlet, free, “HOW TO Takk Cake of 
I.EAI HEK,'' send to 
VACUUM OIL CO., Rochester, .V. Y. 
5,000 Acres of Improved Farms 
FOR SALE. 
Near Baltimore and Washington, that 
will make splendid Vegetable Gardens or 
Farms, and only 36 to 320 per acre, in¬ 
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Also Choice Farms near Philadelphia. 
SPLENDID I’OULTKY and STOCK FARMS. 
Write or call and see us—It will pay you. 
JOSEPH C. HEN VIS & CO., 
Real Estate, 
909 Dkexel Building, Fifth and Chestnut Sts.. 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
FARM FOR SALE. 
247 acres of choice land, In best part of Columbia 
County, N. Y.; deep, rich loam, level, and free from 
stones, suitable for any kind of farming. Terms 
very liberal. W. F. M. SMITH, Pine Hill. N. Y, 
Virginia Farms for Sale. 
500 Improved and Unimproved Farms. 500 Town 
Ix)ts and Villa Sites. Will give the best bargains In 
the South. Claremont is a growing town on James 
River. Circulars free. 
CITIZENS LAND B. L. & D. CO.. Claremont, Va. 
FLORIDA 
LAND 
1,520 acres. A bargain, to close 
estate. Best quality. 
TOM SIX)AN, Greenville, 8. C. 
lUBIJTpn—To buy or hire a farm, with or 
IfAlllbll without stock or tools. Address 
C. H. THOMSON, Box 273, Meriden, Conn. 
Watches at Panic Prices. 
K NOWING that every person needs a watch, we have taken advantage of the panic times to offer 
watches to subscribers at panic prices. The wages paid to skilled labor in the great watch-case 
factories of the country have just been cut as never before, In the desperate effort to prevent the 
closing of the establishments, and prices have been greatly reduced to stimulate consumption of 
the product. It Is not reasonable to expect that such a condition of things can long continue, and the 
shrewd buyer will make an effort to buy a watch, while the prices are lower than ever before, and before 
they arc again advanced to something like previous rates. 
“ CRESCENT STREET.” 
Waltham Watch, Men's Slie. Pride of the Wal¬ 
tham Factory. 
The best full-sized Waltham watch Is called ‘‘Cres¬ 
cent Street.” This watch Is made from the very 
finest materials, each part being selected by expert 
workmen. Every wheel Is perfect, every jewel is a 
precious stone, every pinion Is polished to the high¬ 
est degree. In fact, this watch is, as the Waltham 
Company guarantees, ‘‘ perfect In construction and 
finish.” The Company also says In Its catalogue 
that this Is “the finest full-plate movement In the 
world.” The full plate Is a recent improvement In 
watchmaking. It Is a metal cap, covering all the 
mechanism, excepting the balance, thus saving many 
bills for cleaning. Those celebrated works are full 
jeweled with red ruby jewels In solid gold settings. 
They contain compensation expansion balance, safe¬ 
ty pinion, stem winding and setting apparatus, pat¬ 
ent Breguet hatr-sprlng, hardened and tempered in 
form, patent regulator and double sunk dial, made 
expressly for this watch. The dial Is genuine. 
No. 101. Crescent Street, Solid I4k., 40 dwt. 
(Hunting case only.) . $52.90 
No. 1C2. Crescent Street. Gold filled, 20-year. 
Hunting or Open face case. 37.00 
No. 103. Crescent Street. Gold filled, 15-year. 
Hunting or Open I'ace case. 33.25 
No. 104. Crescent Street, 2-ounco Coin Sliver. 
Hunting or Open face case. 27.85 
No. 105. Crescent Street, Solid Nickel Silver, 
Open face dust-proof case. 25.(0 
“APPLETON, TRACY & CO.” 
Waltham, Men’s Size. 
“ Appleton, Tracy * Co.” Is one of the cele¬ 
brated watches of the world. The works are full 
jeweled, with 15 extra fine red ruby jewels In solid 
gold settings, compensation balance, safety pinion, 
stem winding and setting, Breguet hair-spring, spe¬ 
cial adjustment to temperature, Isochronlsm and 
position, and all the very latest Improvements. This 
watch took the first prize at the World’s Exposition 
in Paris, against all competitors, both American and 
foreign. We will deliver this watch to any address 
In the United States; works as above In 
No. 106, Solid 14k. gold, 40 dwt. Hunting case 
only .$40.00 
No 107, I4k. gold-filled, 20-year. Hunting case. 23.50 
No. 108,14k. gold-filled, 20-year. Open face... . 22.50 
No. 109, 2-ounce, Solid Coin Silver, Hunting or 
Open face. 17.50 
No. 110, Stiffened Sliver, Open face only.. 15.50 
No. Ill, Solid Nickel Sliver case, open face. 12.75 
OFFER No. 112. 
Men’s Size Solid Gold Waltham Watch, $29. 
No. 100. Is a Men’s Size Hunting or Open face 
Waltham solid gold Standard, U. S. Assay Case, 
handsomely engine turned. The works contain seven 
Jewels, and are made according to the celebrated 
Waltham Riverside Model, In which the two nickel 
winding wheels are plainly seen. The case Is the 
thinnest solid gold model ever made. Remember, 
we mein that the watch when closed in the pocket 
Is thin. The lids of the case are the usual thickness, 
and form a perfect protection for the movement. 
This Is just the watch for doctors, lawyers, clergy¬ 
men, and all others who wish a really first-class 
article. The works are jeweled In all Important 
parts with precious stones; the regulator Is an Im¬ 
proved pattern; the halr-sprlng Is Logan's patent 
Breguet Spring. We will send this watch, delivery 
guaranteed, to any address in the United States 
for $29 
OFFER No. 113. 
Men’s Size Gold Watch, Waltham or Elgin, $14.50 
No. 106. Is a Men’s size Hunting or Open face gold 
filled engraved case, guaranteed by the manufact¬ 
urers to wear 15 years. This watch contains the 
same movement as Offer No. 100. We will send this 
watch, delivery guaranteed, for $14.50. 
OFFER No. 114. 
Men's Size Silver Open Face Watch, $6.50. 
No. 107. Is a seven-jewel Waltham or Elgin, open 
face only, stiffened silver case. In other words, In 
order to give strength sufficient to make the case 
durable without making the metal thick and heavy, 
the sliver Is strengthened by a nickel plate, intro¬ 
duced in such a manner as to be entirely hidden, 
and were It not explained, the purchaser would not 
be able to tell It from a heavy solid coin silver case. 
This watch comes In open face only, with a heavy 
beveled plate glass crystal, strong and durable. The 
dial Is of white porcelain, cither Roman or Arabic 
characters. In order to prevent the possibility of 
the hands catching, the dial upon which tbe second¬ 
hand Is mounted Is sunk be ow tho level of the sur¬ 
rounding face. We will send this watch, d livery 
guaranteed, for $6.50. 
OFFER No. 115. 
Ladles’ Solid Gold Waltham or Elgin Watch, $;2. 
No. 115. The works aro manufactured at Waltham 
or Elgin. They are made of the finest materials, 
carefully selected. The jewels are all cut and pol¬ 
ished In Europe, where secret processes are handed 
down from generation to generation. The dl .l Is 
made of the finest porcelain and tbe hands of blue 
tempered steel. The case Is solid l4k. United States 
Assay, handsomely engraved. We will send this 
watch, delivery guaranteed, for $22. 
OFFER No. 116. 
Ladles’ Solid Gold Waltham or Elgin Watch, $16. 
No. 116. Is a ladles’ solid.gold hunting or open face 
case, very delicately engraved, and contains a Wal¬ 
tham or Elgin seven-jewel movement. We guarantee 
this watch as well as all other watches offered, to be 
perfect timekeepers. Postpaid, delivery guaran¬ 
teed, for $16. 
OFFER No. 117. 
Ladles’ Gold Filled Waltham or Elgin Watch, $13.50. 
No. 117. Is a Ijdles’ gold filled engraved watch, 
guaranteed by tho manufacturer to wear 15 years. 
The works contain seven jewels, exposed pallets, 
safety pinion and all Improvements. Price, delivery 
guaranteed, $13.50. 
OFFER No. 118. 
Ladles' Gold “Skylight” Watch, )12.50. 
No. 118. Is a I4k. gold filled engraved “Skylight ” 
Waltham or Elgin, guaranteed to wear 20 years. The 
case is made by placing two heavy sheets of 14k. 
gold, reinforced between with a thin sheet of stiff 
composition, which makes a perfect case for pro 
ttctlng the works. The ring joint plugs, thumb- 
piece, binges and every part subjected to constant 
wear, are solid gold, while the gold is brought down 
over the edges of the composition metal and joined 
la such a way that even an expert Is obliged to cut 
the case to find that It Is not solid gold. We will de¬ 
liver this watch for $12. 
OFFER No. 119. 
Ladles’ Solid Coin Silver “Skylight” Watch, $8 
No 119. Is a solid coin silver watch, Waltham or 
Elgin, containing seven jewels and all Improv.ments. 
We me^n by “Skvlight” that the front case Is cut 
and a heavy crystal Is inserted so as to see the di^il 
without opening the front case. We will deliver 
1 this watch, postpaid, for $8. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, Corner Chambers and Pearl Streets, New York. 
