762 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
“ Running ” on the Crimson Closer Question. 
I). A. R., Kittanning, Pa.—W e have 
had considerable rain, cold, and some 
freezing" weather during" the past two 
weeks, and I thought it a good time to 
examine two patches of Crimson clover 
1 have on trial. I got a pointer that has 
made me feel like running (at least so 
far as this year’s crop is concerned), on 
the Crimson clover question, and to start 
early on account of the crowd. 1 found 
a fair proportion of stocks, on a given 
surface, lifted a half inch or more by 
the frost; these seemed to be small and 
delicate and will surely peri.sh before 
spring. Where strong or in mats, it is 
all right so far, but if small plants lift 
with a small amount of freezing, how 
will the strong act under winter con¬ 
ditions ? 
Crimson Closer Did Not Grow. 
L. S. S., W. Camdkn, N. Y.—My ex¬ 
perience with Crimson clover has not 
been encouraging. I bought one-half 
bushel of seed, which cost me ^3. I sowed 
it among sweet corn about the middle of 
July. The ground was dry and mellow, 
but we had a good soaking rain imme¬ 
diately after. Only a few plants ever 
appeared, and I do not believe 25 plants 
could be found when frost came. 
Crimson Clover and Turnip Seed. 
C. II. G., Litchfield Corners, Me.— 
Acting on The R. N.-Y.’s advice to try 
Crimson clover in a small way, on August 
4, I mixed two papers of turnip seed with 
one-half pound of the clover seed, and 
sowed the whole between spring-set 
raspberry bushes. The seed of both tur¬ 
nip and clover came up well, and now 
1 am feeding the turnips, and the clover 
is looking well. Some of the turnips will 
not bottom because not thinned, so I pur¬ 
pose to leave them, thinking that they 
will afford some protection to the clover. 
What does The R. N.-Y. think of it? 
R. N.-Y.—That is probably a good 
plan. 
Notes on Grafting Grapes. 
S. II. W., Weston, Mass. —In The R. 
N.-Y. of November 10, under the head¬ 
ing Grapes and Grape Grafting, D. W. A. 
asks if grafting grapes generally proves 
successful, but I fail to find the answer 
to this question. I will answer no, for 1 
have tried different methods in the fall 
and spring, and have asked many men 
who have tried to graft the grape, and I 
never have found but one or two who 
succeeded at all. They were successful 
only in one or two instances. For the 
benefit of those who wish to try, I will 
give my method of doing it with good 
success. 
In the spring where a strong, healthy 
vine has been cut off for cleft grafting, 
there is such a tremendous flow of sap, 
that the sap sours and kills the scions. I 
have been quite successful when I wanted 
to move some vines and change the vari¬ 
ety. They may be taken up in the fall, 
reset in the same place and grafted in 
the spring ; or taken up early in spring, 
grafted and set wherever desired. I 
usually use the cleft method. Where 
the vines have been reset, the flow of sap 
is so gradual in most cases that the 
scions live. 
I have been the most successful in 
changing the variety by in-arching. One 
may be grafted on the other by taking 
the new growth in August or as soon as 
it is two feet long, and .slicing it about 
two inches long, and about half the 
thickness of each piece, and then placing 
the two pieces together and binding them 
tight with bark such as is used for bud¬ 
ding. Where this connection is made, 
the vines should be tied to something so 
that the wind will not twist them out of 
place. They should not be separated 
until spring. The rest of the wood may 
be cut from the vine, so as to throw the 
full strength into the new graft. 
Chestnuts and Chestnuts. 
J. W. Kerr, Denton, Mu. —American 
nut culturists are vigilantly looking 
about for the most profitable variety of 
chestnut for commercial purposes. Size 
and quality of the nuts alone considered, 
there are already several introductions, 
that, to a large extent, meet that want; 
notably the Paragon, which has extra 
size, great productiveness, vigorous 
growth, precocious bearing, and fair 
quality to commend it. Yet in two im¬ 
portant particulars, it fails to meet the 
requirements for a commercial chestnut. 
Its season of ripening is too late (but 
here it is earlier than either Numbo or 
Ridgely). Its season possibly may, to 
some extent at least, be the cause of the 
second effect, which is its liability to in¬ 
jury from the chestnut weevil. Out of 
100 nuts, taken as an average sample of 
a bushel, 14 were defective from this 
cause. While on the other hand, those 
of the Japan type, were entirely exempt 
from such injury, due, as I believe, more 
to season of ripening, than to burr 
formation or any other cause. They 
ripen very early (in September here) ; 
but for eating out of hand, they are not 
satisfactory ; this, however, would not 
serve to rule them out, as commercial 
nuts, if they are satisfactory when 
cooked. 1 n several trials, of both boiled 
and roasted nuts, I found them to be 
equally palatable with the pure Amex-ican 
In my opinion, the chestnut for com¬ 
mercial growing in this country, will be 
one of the Japanese strain. 1 base this 
opinion on its freedom from weevil in¬ 
jury as compai’ed with the improved 
kinds of the Spanish strain. It is a 
reasonable presumption that as more 
chestnuts are grown—if of a sti'ain that 
breeds weevils—difficulties will increase. 
Experience in a general way demon- 
sti-ates that injurious insects waste no 
opportunities—pi-esented by fruit grow- 
er.s—to multiply and reproduce their 
kind. 
The Cost of Spraying. 
W. P., Port Chester, N. Y.— Is there 
not an error in W. I), llarns’s article on 
spraying, on page 713, whei'e he gives 
the cost per 100 grape vines at 4K, <^> and 
0 cents respectively ? It should be 42}^, 
50 and 60 cents i*espectively. I don’t 
think it possible to spray 50 large apple 
ti'ees with one barrel of mixture. Rut 
taking his own figures, the cost would 
be 17 cents, not 50 cents per tree. This 
also agrees with Geo. T. Powell’s figures. 
According to my experience, Benj. Buck- 
man has the figures about right. 
lies in the cultivation, or, rather, in the 
lack of cultivation. 
The second fault is inattention to 
borers and yellows ; the third is neglect 
to thin the fruit ; and the fourth is care- 
les.sness and untidiness in marketing. 
Many peach orchards are planted upon 
land which is wholly unsuited to them, 
such as heavy clay soils, or low lands 
which have very imperfect di-ainage of 
both wa'ter and air. The ideal peach soil 
is a deep sand. Upon such lands, the 
trees make a hard growth, the wood ma¬ 
tures early, the trees bear young, and the 
fruit is highly colored and flavored. The 
regions which have become most famous 
as peach-growing centers, are those of a 
.sandy formation, as the lands of many 
parts of the South, of Delaware and New 
Jersey, and the “peach belt” on the 
eastern shore of Lake Michigan. Some 
of the best peach orchards are upon 
lands which were once thought to be 
worthless. Wai-m, sandy lands abound 
along the Ontario shore, and it is upon 
them that the peach orchards of that 
region are giving the best retuims. Yet 
peaches will thrive upon heavier lands, 
even upon clay ; but they are rarely so 
productive upon heavy lands unless they 
are severely headed in. Upon such lands, 
the trees imn strongly to wood, and they 
often split down fi'om the weight of 
foliage alone, when distui*bed by wind. 
Having selected his land, the peach 
grower must look with the greatest care 
to the cultivation and fertilizing of his 
orchard. Peach orchards should never 
be cropped after the third year ; and if 
they are planted upon sandy lands, which 
are best adapted to them, and particu¬ 
larly if set less than 20 feet apart, they 
should never be cropped from the time 
they are set. 
Never under any circumstances, seed 
down a peach orchard. Never sow it to 
grain. Lack of tillage is ruinous, and it 
is to be regretted that farmers do not see 
this fact when bewailing the unprofit¬ 
ableness of their sod-bound, drought-sick, 
borer-cursed orchards. If there is any 
fruit which should never be neglected, it 
is the peach ; and this is why careless 
men do not succeed with it. 
In 1889 Pi-of. Bailey set several varie¬ 
ties of peaches in the University gardens 
upon soil which had been well manured 
in previous years, and the land has since 
been used for gai'den vegetables which 
have been well, and sometimes even exces¬ 
sively, manured with stable manure. The 
trees have now passed their sixth summer, 
but not one of them has borne two dozen 
peaches. Yet they are models of thrift, 
and the large, heavy leaves were as green 
in October as they were in J une. Some of 
them have been entirely ruined by 
storms, and the lustiest one of the lot 
has the yellows. 
Prof. Bailey believes that the keynote 
-HE P-OCTEf? GAM3LE CO., CIN’TI. 
CANNING 
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BALING 
P RESSES 
ALLK/NDf 
HORSE ANf 
STEAM POWEP 
Address Manuf'rt 
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Box 11 QUINCY. ILL 
The latest bulletin from Cornell Ex¬ 
periment Station by Prof. L. H. Bailey, 
tells us about the cultivation of peach 
trees ; how to prune them ; how best to 
fertilize them ; how best to market the 
fruit. We have carefully read the bulle¬ 
tin (No. 74) and abstract such portions 
as we fancy may be most instructive to 
our peach growing friends. The peach 
industry suffers more from careless and 
unscientific methods than any other po- 
mological interest. The greatest fault 
|Hi.orrUjBHou;& ^avTvtiisiinfl. 
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Tub Rural New-Yorker 
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