778 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
Where to Put Manure, 
E. H. ]{., Mt. Riga, N. Y.—My ex¬ 
perience with applying stable manure 
before and after plowing, shows that 
the result depends almost entirely upon 
the season. If 1 were sure of a very 
wet season, I would certainly apply the 
manure after the land was plowed, as in 
such a season corn and potato roots feed 
very near the surface, and the fertilizing 
elements are quickly found ; but in a 
dry season, roots strike down deep in 
search of moisture, and the manure, 
when applied on top, is dried up so as to 
be useless, for that season at least. In 
short, in a dry season it is better to have 
manure plowed under, and in a wet 
season it is better to have it applied 
after plowing, and harrowed into the 
soil. Taking one .season with another, 
I would rather spread the manure on 
sod, as it is made in winter, plow early 
in spring, harrow thoroughly and plant 
to corn or potatoes. Then one may be 
sure it will benefit some crop. 
Trimming Trees to Meet Storms. 
F. II. P., Mki.rosk, Mass. —The sudden 
advent of winter has worked general 
havoc among many of the orchards of 
Middlesex County. The damage is more 
general among trees which for years 
have been improperly pruned, or among 
young trees not pruned at all. In the 
case of the apple. Nature will, if un¬ 
aided, often give a well rounded head— 
a balanced form which shields and pro¬ 
tects from just such storms as have taken 
New England by surprise. Removing 
branches that cross or are crowded too 
thickly, may be advisable if performed 
with judgment ; but these wiseacres in 
every community, who know all about 
trimming trees, do infinite damage by 
their false methods. The limbs are left 
long-reaching, stripped of all lateral 
branches except at their tips. Then 
when a sudden snow comes while the 
leaves have not yet fallen, the tree is in 
the position of a man carrying a heavy 
weight at arms’ length. It would be 
money in many a grower’s pocket if he 
devoted himself to such pruning of the 
tips of branches as could be done with a 
pruning pole. The number of specimens 
of fruit would be reduced, but the bulk 
by increased size, would make sufficient 
amends. Furthermore, the vitality of 
the tree, by reducing the production of 
seeds, would be increased. It is a ques¬ 
tion whether even water sprouts from 
the limbs are not beneficial by theil* 
shading influence. As they grow vigor¬ 
ously on limbs improperly pruned, they 
show Nature’s efforts to again restore a 
rounded form. These sprouts often 
develop into limbs which in time bear 
fruit. Young fruit trees on my grounds 
which were tip pruned last spring, did 
not suffer from the past storm ; whereas 
those which have been left to grow at 
will, suffered—some severely. One young 
llubbardston three inches through, a 
foot from the ground, is just coming into 
bearing. It lost its leader and one of 
the largest side branches. This tree had. 
never been pruned. 
Crimson Clover in Southeastern New York. 
W. C. D., Mount Kisco, N. Y.—Com¬ 
plying with The R. N.-Y.’s request on 
page G.51, I send my report on Crimson 
clover. In May, 1893,1 plowed a field of 
corn stubble, and for the sake of com¬ 
parison, I selected two plots 30x80 feet 
each, and June 15 sowed on one IJ^ pound 
of Medium clover seed and on the adjoin¬ 
ing similar plot, pound of Crimson 
clover. Both germinated, and started 
well. The fierce storm of August washed 
mud from the upper part of the field, and 
nearly suffocated both plots. In the 
spring of 1894, the Medium clover was 
very scanty and Bottle grass (Setaria 
glauca) largely took its place. The 
Crimson clover throve, grew 12 to 14 
inches high, blossomed finely, and was 
turned under about the middle of May 
when the field was wanted for other use. 
This showed that last winter Crimson 
clover would live in this part of West¬ 
chester County. 
Having a Timothy meadow which was 
becoming mossy, I plowed it in August, 
1894—though the ground was parched 
and dusty. On the field of 1% acre, I 
sowed 420 pounds of muriate of potash 
and spread 10 tons to the acre of good 
stable manure previous to plowing. I 
plowed the potash and manure under, 
rolled the field, harrowed twice with the 
Acme harrow and once with the Thomas 
smoothing harrow. August 11, I sowed 
Crimson clover seed—15 pounds to the 
acre, harrowed with the Thomas harrow 
and rolled again. 
Sept. 1.—Crimson clover just prickiufr through. 
Sept. 8.—Long drought broken by heavy rain. 
Sept. 15.—Clover appearing green over the whole 
field. 
Oct. 1.—Clover about IM inch high. 
Oct. 15.—Field well covered—clover two inches 
high. 
Nov. 1.—Growth continues, and clover a little 
thicker. 
This is the only Crimson clover field 
known in this locality, and the old farm¬ 
ers are very curious. I think the rolling 
of the field saved the clover crop during 
the long drought. 
Hills for Parker Earle Strawberry. 
T. C. K., Atuenia, N. J.—T. W. S., of 
Hammonton, N. J., on page 729, tells of 
the Michel’s Early strawberry in hill 
culture. My experience with this variety 
in hill culture, was a total failure. I 
find it profitable to grow the Parker 
Earle strawberries in this way ; single 
plants, the past season, yielded from two 
to three quarts of fruit. I have at this 
writing four acres of Parker Earle in hills 
About Stone Drains. 
VV. L. C., West Groton, N. Y.—I do 
not agree with the advice as to stone 
drains given on page 732. As a rule, a 
ditch filled within six or eight inches of 
the top, or just so that the plow does 
not hit the stones, will fill up much 
sooner. It is not worth one-half as much. 
The more hard earth you can get on top 
of a good stone throat, well battened with 
flat stones, the better. I ditched a farm 
that had been ditched and stoned by two 
different men. One filled the ditch full 
of stones just so that the plow would not 
touch them, and in almost every case 
the throat of the ditch was filled up with 
earth. The other simply laid a good 
throat, battened the cracks well, and put 
on 18 inches to two feet of earth. In 
every instance where I had to dig into 
them, they were just as free from earth 
as the day that they were laid, 30 years 
before. You may say that the water will 
drain off quicker. So it will, and wash 
soil into the ditch and fill it up within 
10 years, if there is not an extra fall to 
wash it out. There will not be more 
than two hours’ difference in the time 
taken for the w^ater to disappear in the 
one with 20 inches of earth on the stone, 
and in the other which is full of stone. 
Ix writing to advertisers, please always mention 
The Rural new-Yokkku 
CURES 
It has often been stated that the large 
cultivated apples will not cross with the 
native crabs. During August, Mr. Bur¬ 
bank sent us three apples. The small¬ 
est, shown at Fig. 204, is known in Cali¬ 
fornia as the Oregon crab—Pyrus Rivu- 
laris. Flowers of this received Graven- 
stein pollen, and the two others. Figs. 
205 and 206, were the result from the 
same lot of seeds. (See page 775.). 
An Interesting Potato Talk. —Mr. 
C. G. Williams, a well-known Ohio (Trum¬ 
bull County) potato experimenter, gives, 
in our friendly contemporary. The Ohio 
Farmer, some unusually interesting po¬ 
tato experience. He grew three varie¬ 
ties by the acre. An account of his 
small-plot experiments is reserved for a 
later report. Freeman, Empire State and 
R. N.-Y. No. 2 were the varieties grown 
by the acre. They yielded as follows ; 
Freeman, 100 bushels per acre. 
Empire State, 107 bushels per acre. 
R. N.-Y. No. 2rl62^ bushels per acre. 
This includes the total product. In the 
case of the Freeman, the usual complaint 
is made, the large proportion of small 
tubers. Mr. Williams is thankful that 
he gave but two acres to them, and, hav¬ 
ing tried them for four seasons, he now 
purposes to give them up, except it may 
be half an acre for home use, for he re¬ 
gards, as do we, their quality as unex¬ 
celled. The Empire State gave a total 
product of little more than the Freeman; 
the proportion of small tubers was far 
less, while that of the R. N.-Y. No. 2 was 
still less. He declares that in an aver¬ 
age season, there is hardly a potato of 
the No. 2 but what attains marketable 
size,” adding, “ I shall plant it almost 
exclusively next season.” With our dis¬ 
tinguished friend. Dr. Chamberlain, the 
Sir William yielded 13 bushels more per 
acre than the No. 2. Mr. Williams, there¬ 
fore, intends to try half a bu.shel next 
spring. Dr. Chamberlain notes that the 
No. 2 is a weak, rather spindling growler 
at first, but a thrifty grower later on. 
Mr. Williams adds that “dry weather 
cannot down it, though it may prevent 
tubers growing to normal size.” 
Regarding the Carman No. 1, he has 
this to say : “ It is medium early. I 
tried it because it was originated by that 
potato prince, the editor of The Rural 
New-Yorker, who, so far as I know, 
never sent out a poor potato. He seems 
to be working with seedlings and bring¬ 
ing out new varieties simply because he 
cannot help it. The money there is in 
it he leaves to others.” He is, as the re¬ 
sult of this one trial, w’ell pleased with 
the No. 1. He will not test the quality 
until they are less expensive. ' 
As to the Sir William, which outyielded 
the R. N.-Y. No. 2 with Dr. Chamber- 
lain, we tried it in 1891, and again in 
1892 in a small way. In 1891, it yielded 
under high culture and fertilization, at 
the rate of 1,008 bushels to the acre. The 
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