792 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
painters, and which is found in the bottom of every bar¬ 
rel of old process raw oil. The solvent used in the new 
process does not dissolve any of the albuminoids. It 
simply takes out all the oil, not more than one or two 
per cent being found as against from four to ten per 
cent in the old process. 
As will be inferred from the details of the two pro- 
ces.ses, the old is richest in oil, the new in albuminoids 
or nitrogenous matter. If the meals be analyzed, 
this will always be found true. And if we consult the 
tables of cattle food, we shall always find the old pro¬ 
cess given as containing two or three times as much 
oil, but quite a percentage less albuminoids. That the 
old process always contains lumps or unground pieces, 
is also a mistake. It can be had of any degree of fine¬ 
ness, even down to very fine flour, and the same is 
true of the new process, although as ordinarily sold, 
it is quite coarse. The finer either is ground, the 
heavier it will be to the measured quantity. 
As to their comparative feeding values, much de¬ 
pends upon the other foods of the ration, and the 
freedom with which the meal is fed. If feeding only 
dry food, and that rather constipating in its nature, 
by all means use the old process, for the reason that 
its oil is laxative and would counteract the const!pat 
ing tendency of the other foods. But when using 
succulent foods, and when feeding large quantities of 
the meal, then the new process is much the best. I 
regard the larger percentage of albuminoids of more 
value than the excess of oil. 
The most serious objection to the new process that 
I have ever found, is its coarseness, and, for my own 
feeding, I insist on having it re-ground. In doing this, 
I want it made as fine as possible. I do this because, 
in my experience, the fine has always shown the best 
results in practical use. As to the comparative manu- 
rial value : It is well known that there is no manurial 
value at all in the oils or carbohydrates, but it is all 
in the albuminoids and mineral matter ; so that it will 
be conceded that the new process, having the more 
albuminoids, is the most valuable. I never lose sight 
of this when purchasing my cattle foods. 
J. S. WOODWARD. 
WHAT ABOUT THE FARM GARBAGE? 
Science of the Swill Barrel and Sewer. 
THK QUESTIONS. 
1. What is the best method of disposing of sewage from the farm 
house ? 2. What are the special advantages and disadvantages 
of the method ? 3. Does it avoid all danger of contaminating the 
drinking water ? 4. Is it economical in first cost and subsequent 
attention needed ? 5. Is it equally well adapted to locations sloping 
toward or away from the highway ? 6. Also tell how the swill bar. 
rel may be managed so as not to be objectionable. 
A Sewer to the Cesspool. 
The best material for use in carrying the sewage 
from the farm home is glazed sewer pipe, which 
should be at least six inches in diameter and extended 
no less than 200 feet away from both house and well. 
This pipe may empty into a cesspool, both pipe and 
pool to be covered with earth to the depth of 2J< to 3 
feet. The advantage of this method is that the dis¬ 
agreeable sight and odor are disposed of. The disad¬ 
vantage is that it will certainly contaminate well 
water, providing it is near and below the pool. To 
avoid this difficulty, run the drain pipe in such a direc¬ 
tion that the natural flow of the water in the ground 
will not come in contact with the sewage and carry 
it to the w'ell. I do not think that it will contaminate a 
well 100 feet above the natural flow of water, and that 
it may 1,000 feet below. The cesspool may be about 
eight feet in depth, with a wall of common fined stone. 
The drain pipe is worth 25 cents per foot. 
A much cheaper way for a farmer who has a wood 
lot is to have pine, chesnut or hemlock sawed into 
planks eight or ten inches wide and two inches thick. 
Of these, make a V-shaped trough, and cover with an¬ 
other plank. This will last for a long time, and may 
quickly and easily be changed or removed, wholly or 
in part. Ours is made in this way, and the large 
amount of water from the dairy and washroom, keeps 
it flushed and in order. 
The swill barrel is objectionable because generally 
kept in one place, its contents carelessly thrown in, 
and often spilled over the sides and it is seldom 
entirely emptied, as it is so heavy and disagreeable to 
handle. I would substitute a 30-gallon tin can with 
good handles on each side. A milk can that has seen 
brighter days will answer. This is much lighter and 
easier to handle and keep clean. It should be mounted 
on a three-wheeled truck, with wheels 12 inches in 
diameter. The forward wheel is on a swivel, with a 
strong wrought-iron tongue attached. This cart can 
be drawn alongside the dairy, a short piece of con¬ 
ducting pipe leading the skim-milk from the separator 
through the wall to the can. The garbage, etc., from 
the kitchen are put in and the whole emptied three 
times a day as regular work. Keep the can covered, 
.shutting out flies and chickens, and scrub and scald 
thoroughly once a week. It is an easy matter for an 
active boy, as he goes out from his meals, to grasp the 
cart handle and run down the graveled walk with a 
full can for the pigs. But how hard for the same boy, 
to go over the same ground five or six times with two 
heavy pails, slopping their contents at every step on 
his trousers and shoes. He generally leaves, too, 
where he has dipped his pails in and out, a place at¬ 
tractive to nothing but flies. It took about an hour s 
work to bolt on a platform for the can 18x30 inches 
and now we do not think we could do without it. The 
truck is run along by the pens and from a light tin 
pail each trough may receive its portion. Or it is run 
down to the corner of the orchard where is a trough 
16 feet long, made of two-inch plank, with one end 
projecting under the fence. From a large, covered 
grain box near-by is scooped into the can the required 
amount of grain; this is stirred with a long paddle, 
then the whole is emptied into the long trough, where 
it is quickly disposed of to the satisfaction of both the 
pigs and their owner. CLARA T. sissoN. 
Spring Water a Great Cleaner. 
At my own home, water is brought in lead pipes 
from a spring 50 rods away from any building, and is 
in no danger of contamination. Slops from the house 
are thrown into an iron sink at the back door, and 
pass through glazed pipes into a stream of water a few 
rods away. There is plenty of fall, and the surplus 
water from the spring is discharged through the same 
pipe. There is another pipe drain from the milk-room 
discharging into the same stream. The water closet 
is provided with a convenient arrangement for clean¬ 
ing, and absorbents are used as occasion may require. 
If the farm buildings are so located that spring 
water can be brought in pipes, and there is plenty of 
fall for drainage, the problem of sewage is an easy 
one to solve. When the carelessness of farmers and 
others in these matters is seen, it seems impossible 
that the danger to health is as great as is generally 
taught. The people would all be sick or dead. 
Nevertheless greater attention should be given to the 
subject. We have no swill barrel such as is referred 
to in this connection. Pig feed is stored and mixed 
at the hog-pen several rods from the house. Garbage 
from the kitchen is carried in a large pail to the hen¬ 
house or pig-pen, both of which are near the barn, and 
but few extra journeys are made on account of this 
pail. Milk is fed sweet as it comes from the creamer. 
Buttermilk is sometimes stored for a day or two in the 
milk room in cold weather. c. s. rice. 
It's AH Food for Plants or Animals. 
The wastes of a farmer’s household are of consider¬ 
able feeding and manurial value, because he has the 
means at hand of utilizing them to the very best ad¬ 
vantage. Therefore, I think that sewers or house 
drains have no place on the farm. There is no sense 
whatever in farmers wasting valuable material that 
may so easily be utilized on the farm, as sewage. The 
water of the weekly wash I value very highly, and 
every drop finds its way into bowl-shaped hollows 
about cherry, pear, plum and apple trees. I have 
poured it into these hollows about the trees so hot 
that I could not hold my hand in it, and have never yet 
seen any but good results. Kitchen slops containing 
grease, particles of food, vegetable parings, etc., are 
excellent for moistening pig and poultry feeds. These 
can easily be kept separate from wash water and other 
slops by the use of two or more receptacles. Ashes 
may be distributed according to their value—coal 
ashes in the poultry houses, about the currant bushes, 
and along walks ; those from wood or cobs in the gar¬ 
den and about fruit trees. If the wood or cob ashes 
are mixed with coal ashes, they can quickly be separ¬ 
ated with a sieve. 
1. Instead of being wasted, as is often done, re¬ 
ceptacles should be provided for it so that it can be 
placed where it will be of some benefit to the land. 
In the case of a small family, a few buckets are all 
that is necessary. For a large family, barrels may be 
employed, and these can easily and quickly be wheeled 
away and emptied by means of a barrel cart. 2. The 
sewage may thus be distributed where it will do the 
most good. On grass land, or in the orchard or gar¬ 
den, are good places for it. 3. By thus removing it 
far from the house and well, all danger of contam¬ 
inated drinking water is avoided, and there are no 
filthy drains or pools about the house to poison the air 
and breed disease. 4. It is economical in that it re¬ 
moves one great cause of sickness in the family, while 
it also prevents the waste of valuable fertilizing 
materials. All that is needed is a little discrimination 
on the part of the housekeepers in properly separating 
the slops, and a few minutes’ attention daily on the 
part of the male members of the household. There is 
very little work about it. Common sense and atten¬ 
tion are all that are needed. 5. It is adapted to all 
farm homes. 6. The regulation swill barrel is a nuis¬ 
ance of the worst type ; a breeder of disease in the 
household and in the pig-pen, and no sensible farmer 
will tolerate one about his place. Ordinary slop, or 
swill, is fit for feeding only while fresh, either by 
itself or when mixed with meals. When allowed to 
stand a short time, it ferments or putrefies, and is 
then in fit condition to cause the severest bowel dis¬ 
eases in pigs. The farmer who consults his best 
interests, will always feed it while fresh. Barrels or 
buckets used for swill, will after a time become greasy 
and nasty. I clean them about once a month by 
scalding with hot soapsuds or strong lye water, and 
scrubbing with an old broom. There may be better 
ways of cleaning them, but this is very good. 
FRED GRUNDY. 
Use Slops to Kindle a Compost Heap. 
1. Compost it. 2. It is cheap, economical and 
healthful; there are no serious disadvantages. 3. 
Yes. 4. Yes. It is even a source of income, on the 
theory that “a penny saved is a penny earned.” 
5. Doesn’t affect it. 6. Hang it on a pair of old 
wagon wheels with a bent axle, which any black¬ 
smith can fit up for a dollar or two, and empty it 
daily into a feed box at the pens. Any stout cask 
will answer, and with a pivot pin welded on either 
arm of the axle, and a block of hard wood with a slot 
in it, bolted on either side of the cask, one can .stand 
the cask on some level foundation near the kitchen 
door, and when ready to remove, back up the wheels 
either side of it, lift the handles high until the pivots 
unter the slots, lower the handles, raise the cask and 
wheel it away. The same method applies to any 
slops. By using a bit of rubber hose on the end of 
the sink spout, the slops from the kitchen sink may 
be run directly into the barrel. Five dollars at the 
outset, and half an hour’s work each day, will re¬ 
move all waste from the house and place it where it 
belongs—the pig food in the feed box or tqb at the 
pens, and the other waste matter on the compost 
heap, located near the barn or pig-pen, and away 
from all wells or dwellings. Here, used with turf, 
leaves, corn stubble, or any rubbish from the garden, 
it will more than doubly repay all labor expended in 
its removal. Open drains are an abomination, a 
standing menace to the health of the family, and a 
reckless waste of a material rich in nitrogen and 
potash. Cesspools are little better; except, by ex¬ 
pending a good deal of unpleasant labor, less ferti¬ 
lizing elements will be wasted. I also approve of 
earth closets, for reasons similar to those already 
o-iven. CHAS. PIERSON AUGUR. 
[Every query must be accompanied by tbe name and address of 
the writer to insure attention. Before asking a question please 
see whether it is not answered in our advertising columns. Ask 
only a few questions at one time. Put questions on a separate 
piece of paper.] 
An Old, Senseless Fad. 
L. E. B., Exeter, N. H. —1. Will sulphur kill canker 
worms ? It is said that if we bore a three-quarter 
inch hole in the tree three inches, and put in a spoon¬ 
ful of sulphur, then put in a cork, that in a short time 
the sulphur will go all through the tree and when the 
worms eat the leaves next spring, it will kill them. 2. 
Will a grape vine die if grafted this fall ? 
Ans.— 1. Not in the least. It is an old, senseless fad 
that has gone the rounds of the agricultural press for 
years. One might just as well place so much sand in 
a hole made in the tree and corked up. 2. No, not if 
properly grafted. The scion should be placed in a 
slit cut in the stock and securely bound. Then cover 
with soil and finally with a mulch, so as to protect the 
graft from the action of frost. If the scion die, the 
stock will sprout. 
Amber Corn, Chemicals and Grapes. 
D. B. B., Dormanvllle, N. F.—1. Where can I get the 
Amber sweet corn, and at what price per bushel ? 2. 
Are muriate of potash and bone fiour, equal parts, 
suitable fertilizers to apply next spring to strawberry, 
plants which were set last spring on land with a good 
coat of green barnyard manure plowed under. 3. Are 
Willard, Abundance and Satsuma, three good plums 
for family use and for market ? 4. Are Moore’s 
Diamond, Ulster Prolific, Nectar and Campbell’s Early 
good grapes for family use ? If not the best, which 
are ? 
Ans.— 1.—Amber Cream is offered by many seeds¬ 
men. D. Landreth & Sons, and W. Atlee Burpee & 
Co., of Philadelphia ; J. M. Thorburn & Co., N. Y. The 
