8o2 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
THE BALANCED RA TION/' 
TUK S CIK N C K OF F K K O1N G STOCK. 
Pakt VIII. 
'Phus far we have discussed only the 
ration for milch cows, being careful to 
state that any so-called “ standard ” is, 
at best, hut a theory which may he up- 
settby the individuality of the animal, the 
conditions under which she is fed, or the 
character of the food. At the same time, 
this “ standard ” ration forms the best 
possible basis for experiment and com¬ 
parison. If we desire to feed our stock 
economically and well, it is evident that 
we must have some fixed measure to 
which we may add or subtract, and the 
“standard” gives us that. For other 
classes of stock, the following “ stand¬ 
ards ” are made in the same way—all for 
1,000 pounds live weight: 
Horses hard at work, 33 pounds of or¬ 
ganic matter and a ratio of 1 to .5 X. 
Oxen at rest in stable, 17 X pounds of 
organic matter and a ratio of 1 to 13. 
Fattening swine, 36 pounds of organic 
matter and a ratio of 1 to 5. 
Laying poultry, ratio of one to two ; 
fattening poultry, one to six. 
Now let us consider some of the cattle 
foods within easy reach of most farmers. 
Next week we shall discuss the manurUil 
values—that is, how the manures made 
from them compare with other manurial 
substances. 
Hay. —Every one knows what hay is, 
and yet you can see that analysis shows 
that different specimens of hay differ in 
feeding value almost as much as do dif¬ 
ferent grains. A great deal of excellent 
hay is spoiled by being cut too late, or 
by being badly cured and housed. For 
example, take wheat straw. It has a 
low feeding value if you take away the 
grain. Yet, if you had cut that same 
plant before the head formed, and cured 
it like Timothy hay, it would he worth 
very much more for feeding than the 
straw. It is easy to see that, and it is 
easy to see, too, that the reason is be¬ 
cause a good part of the nuti-iment that 
makes the seed vahiable, must come from 
the stalk and thus make that part less 
valuable. The same is true of grasses, 
and is an argument in favor of early 
cuttlmj. Strictly speaking, clover is the 
only hay the dairyman ought to grow for 
his own feeding. It will pay him better 
to sell his Timothy, because the price 
horsemen will pay for it is far above its 
value for cow feed. It is a great mistake 
to feed high-priced Timothy to cows, 
when straw, stalks and ensilage will 
supply the hulk or organic matter needed 
with the clover hay. Not only is clover 
the strongest hay food, but it is also best 
for color and fiavor of butter. 
Roughage. —Ry that we mean straw, 
corn stalks, coarse hay, etc. The table 
of analyses printed last week, shows that 
there is considerable food value in these 
substances, as well as a large amount of 
organic matter. When fed with clover 
and some strong grain, they supply 
“hulk” and save more valuable hay. 
These are the foods most often spoiled 
by neglect in harvesting and housing. 
They are best fed when run through a 
cutter and mixed with some succulent 
foods like ensilage or roots. They are also 
better digested if steamed or softened by 
hot water, but this may cost more than 
it is worth. 
Succulent Foods. —These include en¬ 
silage, pasture, roots, pumpkins, green 
corn fodder and other similar crops. As 
the analysis below shows, these foods 
contain a large proportion of water. As 
a rule, they increase the flow of milk, 
and promote digestion. Ensilage, roots 
and pumpkins are of great value for cold 
weather feeding, especially where dry 
straw and stalks are fed to give “ bulk” 
to the ration. That careful study of our 
table of analyses is necessary, is shown 
by the following letter : 
I have only one cow, six years old, 800 pounds 
weiffht. She pives alx)ut 10 quarts of good milk 
per day on the following feed: Five pounds of 
good clover, twenty pounds of dry corn fodder in 
the l>e8t of shape, four pounds of wheat, ground. 
On pleasant days, she runs out .and gets a little 
green feed in the middle of the day. The corn 
fodder and clover .are run through a hand cutter, 
and fed mixed. She has all the salt and water 
she can use. Now if corn fodder is equal to 
ensilage, pound for pound, and ground wheat 
equal to bran in your t.ables, my cow needs just 
double the quantity I .am feeding her, but I do not 
see how she can eat it, though she is hearty in 
taking her food. Yet the 40 pounds of corn fodder, 
10 pounds of clover hay and 8 pounds of wheat 
equal only 58 pounds of feed per day. 
We include dry corn stalks in this table 
to show how dry and succulent foods 
differ : 
POUNDS DIGESTIBLE IN 100. 
Muscle- Fat- Pure Organic 
makers, formers. Fat. Matter. 
Dry stalks.2.41 34.48 0.47 74.63 
Ensilage.1.20 12. 0.53 18.19 
Best pasture.......3.40 10.9 0.6 19.6 
Poor pasture.2. 13. 0.4 22.9 
Turnips.1.25 5.40 0.23 6.88 
Pumpkins.0.4 7.1 0.1 9.9 
Green corn fodder.1.19 10.87 0.31 17.88 
You see our friend forgets that ensilage 
retains almost all the water in the stalks, 
while as fodder this water is largely 
dried out. 
Okdinaky Grain. —By this, we mean 
the grains commonly fed by farmers, like 
corn meal, bran, shorts, and other by¬ 
products of wheat and oats. Corn is the 
best grain to produce fine butter. When 
fed heavily, it is heating and somewhat 
constipating. It is too weak in ash ele¬ 
ments to make a good food for young 
and growing stock. It is a good plan to 
feed corn meal in connection with bran 
or oil meal, wdiich are both laxative 
rather than constipating. There is little 
choice between bran and middlings in 
feeding value. The bran is .somewhat 
better to produce. a heavy flow of milk. 
About the only way oats can be fed 
profitably to cows, is to cut them as “oat 
hay,” and feed in the sheaf. Like bran, 
they are better for milk than for prime 
butter, unless fed with ensilage which 
contains a good deal of the grain of corn. 
Oil Meal. —This is well described by 
Mr. Woodward on page 7‘Jl. We doubt 
if it pays to feed much over two pounds 
a day of such strong foods. 
CoTTON-SKED Meal. —TliLs substaiicc is 
obtained from cotton seed after the cot¬ 
ton oil has been .squeezed from it. It is 
a very concentrated food—constipating 
in its effects, and liable to derange the 
system when fed too heavily to cattle 
that are unused to it. At the South, cat¬ 
tle eat large quantities of the whole seed 
with little apparent ill effect. For our 
own feeding, we would never feed over 
3X pounds per day to any animal, and 
never unless ensilage, pasture or some 
other succulent food could be fed with 
it. Fed in this way, it is a valuable food, 
but when fed injudiciously, it is one of 
the most dangerous foods we have. Its 
effect on the butter is to make it too hard, 
but this may be overcome by feeding lin¬ 
seed meal with it. Never feed it to 
horses or hogs. 
Malt Sprouts and Brewers’ Grains. 
—In the manufacture of beer, barley is 
soaked in water and then spread out in 
a temperature that induces the sprouts 
to start in the grain. These grow for 
about 48 hours, and are then killed by 
suddenly increasing the temperature, 
which dries up the sprouts. They are 
shaken off by running the grain over 
sieves. These “ malt sprouts ” make an 
excellent cow feed. See the analysis 
printed last week. The sprouts are ex¬ 
cellent for mixing with corn meal, as they 
are weak in pure fat. 
Now here comes a question : 
Are dried brewers’ f^ains as good for milk as 
wheat bran ? The price of each is $18 per ton 
here. A. w. c. 
What are dried brewers’ grains ? After 
the sprouts are shaken off, the barley is 
soaked to remove as much of the sugar 
as possible. The wet mass remaining is 
called “brewers’ grains.” If fed at once 
while sweet, this makes good feed, but 
in a short time, fermentation sets in, 
and the result is a lot of sour, rotten 
stuff that should never go near a cow. 
New processes have been devised for dry¬ 
ing the grains before fermentation be¬ 
gins. The result is a dry feed looking 
something like crushed oats. This is 
excellent for milk, and analysis shows it 
to be considerably richer than bran. 
“ Gluten Mi:al.” —Under this heading 
are grouped a number of feeds which 
are produced in the manufacture of 
“glucose” or weak sugar from corn. 
We have not the space to describe the 
proce.ss here. It is enough to say that 
this product is good for cattle if fed in 
the right proportions. It should be 
bought by analysis if possible, as it seems 
to differ widely in the amount of pure 
fat it contains. As a .safe rule, we would 
not feed over 10 pounds per day of any 
of the gluten feeds. In fact, with any 
of these strong by-products we would 
use them sparingly as an addition to the 
common grains, rather than as a com¬ 
plete substitute for them. This is much 
the .safer rule to follow, particularly 
where one is making milk or butter that 
gives good satisfaction and wants a cheap 
substitute for corn meal. You may 
cheapen the ration and at the same time 
injure the quality of tlie product. 
IHi.orrnanrousi guU’nti.siinii. 
in Our Great Grandfather’s Time, 
big bulky pills were in 
general use. Like the 
“blunderbuss” of 
that decade they 
were big and clum- 
.sy, but ineffec¬ 
tive. In this cent¬ 
ury of enlight¬ 
enment, we have 
Dr. Pierce’s 
Pleasant Pel¬ 
lets, which 
cure all liver, 
stomach and 
bowel derange¬ 
ments in the 
most effective 
way. 
Assist Nature 
a little now and then, with a gentle, 
cleansing laxative, thereby removing of¬ 
fending matter from the stomach and 
bowels, toning up and invigorating the 
liver and quickening its tardy action, 
and you thereby remove the cause of a 
multitude of distressing diseases, such as 
headaches, indigestion, or dyspepsia, 
biliousness, pimples, blotches, eruptions, 
boils, constipation, piles, fistulas and 
maladies too numerous to mention. 
If people would pay more attention to 
properly regulating the action of their 
bowels, they would have less fre¬ 
quent occasion to call for their doctor’s 
services to subdue attacks of dangerous 
diseases. 
That, of all known agents to accom¬ 
plish this purpose, Dr. Pierce’s Pleasant 
Pellets are unequaled, is proven by the 
fact that once used, they are always in 
favor. Their secondary effect is to keep 
the bowels open and regular, not to fur¬ 
ther constipate, as is the case with other 
pills. Hence, their great popularity, 
with sufferers from habitual constipation, 
piles and indigestion. 
A free sample of the “ Pellets,” (4 to 7 
doses) OJI trial, is mailed to any address, 
post-paid, on receipt of name and address 
on postal card. 
Address, World’s Dispensary Medi¬ 
cal Association, Buffalo, N. Y. 
PATENTS 
Thomas P. Simpson, Washington, D.C. 
No attorney’s fee until patent ob¬ 
tained. Write for Inventor’s Guide. 
St. Jacobs Oil is made to cure 
RHEUMATISM 
FO R AND 
IN FANTS-^^I N VALI DS. 
TRADE % MARK. 
THE ONLY PERFECT 
Substitute for Mothers Milk. 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
GentlemenI commenced the use of Mel- 
lln’s Food some three weeks ago. and find it 
better than all others I have used; my baby 
Is thriving wonderfully upon it. I shall 
recommend its use to all my friends. 
Mrs. Jasper L. Brown. 
Tyler. Tex. 
Gentlemen;—I am using your Mellin’s 
Food for babies. I find it better than any- 
^ thing else. Rev. C. C. Williams. 
^ SEND for our book, “The C^nre nnd 
T Feeding of Infants,” mailed 
# Free to any address. 
2 Doliber-Goodale Co., Boston, Mass. 
Grant’s Household 
Repairing0utfit$2 
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The outflt sonsists 
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We also furnish 
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Price for Outfit, $2. 
Send for Catalogue. 
dOIIN II. GR.ANT 
34‘2 Wabash Avenue 
Chicago. 111. 
DO YOUR OWN 
PRINTING 
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cards, circulars, &c( 
Press for printing.' 
a small pai)er $4(1. 
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KELSEY & CO., 
Meriden ,Connecticut 
FLORIDA 
LAND 
1,520 acres. A bargain, to close 
estate. Best quality. 
TOM SIAIAN. Greenville. S. C. 
CUT 
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THE 
Cow5 Demand 
that their owners shall make effort to educate them¬ 
selves in Dairy Truth. For years they have furnished 
the main revenue of the farm, and now demand that 
the owner invest one dollar a year as a subscription 
to Hoard’s Dairyman, that he may receive the 
varied experiences and teachings of the most success¬ 
ful dairy farmers in the country. 
THE 
Cows Deserve 
your attention on this matter and appeal to you 
for more Intelligent care, feeding and breeding, and 
handling of their products. They want you to recog¬ 
nize the fact that the experiences of successful dairy¬ 
men will help you. Study your business, for by in¬ 
creasing your knowledge you increase your revenue, 
and In other ways make your life worth living. Dairy 
farming is like handling edged tools that cut only 
profits when improperly directed. 
THE 
Cows Are Right! 
And common sense demands that every farmer who 
expects to make money from his cows shall spend at 
least a dollar a year for his own guidance and instruc¬ 
tion. The Editors and Correspondents of Hoard’s 
Dairyman are practical men trained In the dairy 
business. The paper is recognized as the leading 
dairy paper of the world. It is crammed full every 
week with the very cream of dairy thought and ex¬ 
perience. 
The Rural New-Yorker readers should take 
advantage of our clubbing rate with Hoard’s 
Dairyman, which enables us to send both 
papers one year for «1,70. 
Send for Sample Copies to HOARD’S DAIRY¬ 
MAN Fort Atkinson, Wis. 
