8i8 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
“ THE BALANCED RA TIQN.” 
THK 8 CIKNCK OK FKKDING STOCK. 
“ Manuria! Values.” 
I'AHT IX. 
We have siich a raft of questions about 
this subject, that we hardly know which 
to take up first. The following is most 
in line with the scheme we proposed at 
starting : 
I am much interested in Primer Science. Tlie 
1)alanced ration is just what I want. Fertilizers 
on this coast are not sold by f?«aranteed analy¬ 
sis, and chemicals cost more than in the East, 
while bnin, shorts, clover h.-iy and straw are 
cheaper than with you. I think I can bring up 
my land cheaper by buying and feeding bran, 
etc., than by purchasing these low-grade, high- 
priced fertilizers. I would be glad to have pub¬ 
lished a table showing the value of the manure 
from the following, wdth liquids and solids saved, 
giving the amount of potash, phosphoric acid and 
nitrogen in each, and their value at the market 
rates in New York: One ton each of bran, clover 
hay, oat straw', wdieat straw, shorts. E. 8. o. 
Dilley, Oreg. 
That deals with what we call the ma- 
nurial values of feeds—in other words, 
what they are worth as mnnurc. AVhile 
there is much resemblance between the 
feeding of animals and of plants, there 
is a great difference in the substances 
needed for animal food and plant food. 
We have seen that the animals need 
three classes of substances. Of these, 
the fat-formers and pure fat are of no 
value as manure to supply jilant food. 
The only things we have to consider as 
manures, are nitrogen, potash and phos¬ 
phoric acid, which are found only in the 
vimcle-imtJierH and the of the food. 
To illustrate, let us take cotton-seed 
meal, which i.s used both as cattle food 
and as a direct fertilizer. In one ton of 
this meal, there are 715 pounds of muscle- 
makers, 445 pounds of fat-formers, and 
233 pounds of pure fat. That indicates 
the feeding value. As manure, we should 
disregard this entirely and say that the 
ton of meal contains 132J^ pounds of 
nitrogen, 533^ pounds of phosphoric acid, 
and 353 ^ pounds of jMtcush. lly and by, 
when we come to discuss i^lant food, we 
will have space to make this clearer and 
tell what these substances are. Now we 
only want you to realize the difference 
between what the animal will eat and 
what the plant will eat. It is like taking 
a cord of wood. You burn it and produce 
a certain amount of heat. The ashes left 
behind contain plant food. You measure 
the heating power of that wood by the 
amount of organic matter or combustible 
material in it. You can easily see that 
its ability to make the kettle boil is no 
measure of its ability to feed plants. 
Therefore, we measure one value by the 
amount that will burn, and the other by 
the amounts of potash and phosphoric 
acid in the ashes. We think that is clear 
enough. Now here we see the way some 
of these foods are valued for manure : 
POUNDS IN ONE TON. 
Nitrogen. 
Clover hay. 41.4 
Timothy hay. 26.2 
Corn stalks. 20.8 
Wheat bran. .">3.4 
Cotton-seed meal. 132.8 
Linseed (old).108.6 
Oat straw. 12.4 
Middlings. 52.6 
Turnips. 3.6 
Gluten meal.100.6 
Shelled corn. 36.4 
Oats. 41.2 
Phos. 
Manurial 
acid. 
Potash. 
Value. 
7.6 
44.0 
$9.33 
8.2 
37.6 
5.61 
5.8 
28.0 
5.07 
57.8 
32.1 
14.41 
53.6 
35.8 
27.76 
33.2 
27.4 
21.88 
4.0 
24.8 
3.38 
19.0 
12.6 
10.77 
1.9 
6.6 
1.02 
6.6 
1.0 
17.60 
14.0 
8.0 
7.49 
16.4 
12.4 
8.&5 
Now see if we understand that. AVe 
take a ton of wheat bran and put it right 
on the manure pile. Hy so doing, we 
add to the manure over 53 pounds of 
nitrogen, 57 of phosphoric acid and 32 of 
potash. Or if we put the bran right in 
the hill and planted corn, it would be 
about the same as a fertilizer containing 
2X per cent of nitrogen, 3 of phosphoric 
acid and 13 ^ of potash. Why do we say 
that bran is worth $14.41 for manure ? 
We don’t say so. That value is simply 
a comparative statement of what that 
amount of fertilizer would cost if bought 
at the^ going prices in New York City. 
That is simply as fair a statement as can 
be made. 
Suppose that it costs you .$r)..50 to get a 
ton of coal to your house. The time 
needed to cut stove wood enough to take 
the place of that coal is worth $0.50 of 
your labor isn’t it? If your labor is 
worth more, you buy the coal. That is 
the way to get the f'ucl value of stove 
wood, and that is just what this mAinur- 
ial value means. It is what nitrogen, 
potash and phosphoric acid would cost 
you at the average market price in fer¬ 
tilizers. It doesn’t mean that a crop 
from a ton of bran will be worth $14.41. 
If you can get all the manure you want 
for the hauling, the bran will not be 
worth $14.41, but it will be worth what 
it would cost to haul an equal amount 
of fertility in the manure, and the other 
figures show how other foods compare 
with bran. Manurial value is simply 
comparative cost and that is all. This 
will explain why sometimes you will see 
this valuation figured higher or lower 
than those here given. 
Now see the difference between feed¬ 
ing and manurial values. By feeding a 
ton of bran, I add all this fertility to my 
land do I ? No sir, you don’t ! A portion 
of it remains in the animal to build 
bone, muscle, etc. The rest of it goes 
into the manure pile, where more or less 
of it is lost. When you burn your cord 
of wood, you drive away all the niti’ogen. 
There is actually more fertility in the 
whole wood than in the ashes. The ad¬ 
vantage of feeding the bran is that you 
get the benefit of the fats and fat-form¬ 
ers in making milk or meat, while the 
fertilizing elements are made more avail¬ 
able by lieing ground up fine in the ani¬ 
mal’s stomach or actually digested as are 
the contents of the urine. (Irind the 
wood ever so fine, and it will not grow 
crops like the ashes, because fire has 
made parts of the latter soluble. 
There is another point to consider. You 
can easily see that the fertility in a ton 
of bran would be more available than 
that in a ton of corn stalks. It is made 
finer and more digestible. You also see 
the necessity of saving the urine since 
that contains all the fertilizer that is 
actually digested. 
JIow much of the manurial value of 
the food is lost in feeding—to supply the 
needs of the animal ? It depends largely 
on the animal and the food. The Cornell 
Experiment Station has made some valu¬ 
able experiments in this line. Sheep re¬ 
turned as manure, (53 per cent of the 
nitrogen, 08 of the phosphoric acid, and 
57 of the potash eaten in their food. 
Young calves returned in their manure, 
52 per cent of the nitrogen, only 35 of 
the phosphoric acid, and 96 of the potash. 
Pig manure contained 84 per cent of the 
nitrogen, 70 of the phosphoric acid and 
88 of the potash in their food. Milch 
cows’ manure is comparatively rich in 
nitrogen, and weak in the other two 
elements. 
As a comparative statement, the fol¬ 
lowing table shows the amounts of ma¬ 
nure made by different animals at Cor¬ 
nell figured per 1,000 pounds live weight. 
Pounds 
Value 
per day. 
per year. 
Sheep . 
. 34.1 
$26.09 
Calves. 
. 67.8 
24.45 
PiRS. 
. 83.6 
60.88 
Cows. 
. 74.1 
29.27 
Horses. 
27.74 
You will understand that this means 
one 1 , 000 -pound horse, or ten 100 -pound 
sheep or eight 125-pound pigs and so on. 
Also, remember that these figures of 
value are comparative only. Don’t you 
see why those calves consume so large a 
proportion of the phosphoric acid ? They 
are young, and their bones are growing 
rapidly. Now, how much of this manure 
is saved for the land ? Give it up ! Go 
and look at the dark streams trickling 
away from your manure pile, and notice 
the ammonia arising from it! No science 
needed to do that! 
Live Stock Matters, 
FORKFULS OF FACTS. 
Eau Marking Animals. —Will The R. 
N.-Y. de.scribe the method of tattooing 
marks or numbers on the ears of domestic 
animals? How can it be done without 
instruments? If instruments should be 
used, what are they and where can they 
be procured ? T. R. 
Solon, Maine. ^ 
R. N.-Y.—We want to know how our 
readers do this work. 
A “ CoNiiiTiON Powder.”— Not long 
since The R. N.-Y. gave a recipe for a 
condition powder using linseed meal as 
a base. Will it give a recipe for one u.sing 
cotton-seed meal, which is much more 
readily obtained here, and also state the 
quantity to be given at a time, which 
was omitted in the recipe given ? 
Florida. ii. F. ii. 
R. N.-Y.—Cotton-seed meal could not 
be well used in such a mixture. It is too 
constipating. What you want is a laxa¬ 
tive substance to go with the drags. 
Corn Cobs and Tuberculosis. —1. Is 
there any nutriment in corn cobs, ground, 
and how much compared with other 
grains or feed, bran or middlings ? 2 . 
What are the symptoms of tuberculosis, 
those by which an ordinary farmer can 
detect it when buying cows ? Or is it all 
a fad ? J. E. s. 
Cortland, N. Y. 
R. N.-Y.— 1 . One hundred pounds of 
corn cobs will contain about three pounds 
of muscle-makers, 60 of fat-formers and 
half a pound of pure fat. You can see 
the analyses of bran, etc., back on page 
78(). While the cobs contain this amount 
of food, it is not digestible and will not 
support life as would the same amount 
{Cotilinued on next page.) 
^Ui.orcllaucou.s.' cui.oiur, 
PHYSICAL SIRENGTH, 
cheerful spirits and the aliility to fully 
enjoy life, come only with a healthy 
body and mind. The young 
fflran man who suffers from nerv- 
wKj ous debility, impaired niem- 
or\’, low .spirits, irrita- 
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/ \ V \ thoiusand and one de- 
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/ /\*\\ body that 
V V \ re.sult from, un¬ 
natural, pernici¬ 
ous habits usual¬ 
ly contracted in 
youth, through 
ignorance, is 
tliereby incapac¬ 
itated to thor¬ 
oughly enjoy 
life. He feels 
tired, spiritless, 
.and drowsy ; his 
sleep isdisturbed 
and does not re¬ 
fresh him as it 
should ; the will power is weakened, 
morbid fears haunt him and may result 
in confirmed hypochondria, or melan¬ 
cholia and, finally, in softing of the brain, 
epilepsy, (“fits”), paralysis, locomotor 
ataxia and even in dread insanity. 
To reach, re-claim and restore such 
unfortunates to health and happiness, is 
the aim of the publishers of a book of 
136 pages, written in plain but chaste 
language, on the nature, symptoms and 
curability, by home-treatment, of such 
diseases. This book will be sent sealed, 
in plain envelope, on receipt of this no¬ 
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age. Address, World’s Dispensary Med¬ 
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For more than a quarter of a century 
physicians connected with this widely 
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Sufferers from premature old age, or 
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ill the book above mentioned. 
The Old Arm Chair, 
THE EOUNGE, DE.SK or BUGGY 
CUSIIIOXS, should be covered with 
PANTASOTE. It looks, feels and wears like 
leather. Costs half as much. These stores 
and many others sell it: M. J. Gros.sm.an 
58 E. 13th Street; R. W’^eiden, 30 Bond Street, 
New York. A. Dutton; Jordan, Marsh it 
Co., Boston. Wanamaker; De Turck, Bas¬ 
sett & Co., Philadelphia; Lussky, Payne & 
Co., Chicago; C. L. Greeno,Cincinnati; Wm. 
Barr Dry Goods Co., St. Louis. Send for 
FREE SAMPLES to 
PANTASOTE LEATHER COMPANY 
Waiserooms: 39 Leonard Street, New York. 
Mills: Passaic, N. J. 
DOUBLE 
BRF.ECn LOAUER 
$5.00. 
RIFLES $(.7S 
WATCHES 
BICYCLES $15 
All kinds ebnaper than elB»> 
where. Before joo buy send 
BUmp for 60 pi^e eeUlofue. 
POWELL A CLEMENT CO. 
lG6.1lnlnRt,.CinelnDatl,0« 
DO YOUR OWN 
PRINTING 
S.'S. PBKSS ror? 
cards, circulars, &Cf 
Press for printing^ 
a small pai>er $A 0 . 
Saves money! Makes 
money printing for 
others. Type-setting 
easy, printed rules. 
Stamp for catalogue, 
presses, type, cards, 
&c., to factory. 
KELSEY & CO., 
Meriden,Connecticut 
\A/AMTPn agents, both sexe.s. K. J. SMEAl) 
II HI 1 I LU & CO., 62 Fifth Avenue, Vineland, N. J 
^fot^/Shf-sy^tooKLoodL.Soecb, 
SeAldU koQS,cLLh6lltep ir 
[ tf ^ ^ tA,cK3S. . ^ 
fOO lb /C’OO , 
13 13 /'A There is probably no branch of 
1 XVVyJr JL J. farming or stock-raising that Is 
so sure to return a profit as the 
m flock of sheep, and there Is prob¬ 
ably no branch so much neg- 
_ __ __ _ lecteCl. A well-kept flock would 
^ l-l u L jJ restore the fertility to many run 
A -Li X-i X • down farms, and put their own- 
eiB on the road to prosperity. 
But every man doesn’t know how to care for sheep, 
though be can easily learn. “ Sheep Farming” is a 
practical treatise on sheep, their management and 
diseases. It tells In plain language bow to select 
and breed them, and bow to care for them. It Is a 
little book worth three times Its cost to any farmer 
who raises sheep. Sent postpaid for 26 cents 
Address THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
Cor. Chambers and Pearl Sts., New York 
THE 
Cows Demand 
that their owners shall make effort to educate them¬ 
selves in Dairy Truth. For years they have furnished 
the main revenue of the farm, and now demand that 
the owner Invest one dollar a year as a subscription 
to HoAUD’s Daikyman, that he may receive the 
varied experiences and teachingsof the most success¬ 
ful dairy farmers in the country. 
THE 
Cows Deserve 
your attention on this matter and appeal to you 
for more intelligent care, feeding and breeding, and 
handling of their products. They want you to recog¬ 
nize the fact that the experiences of successful dairy¬ 
men will help you. Study your business, for by in¬ 
creasing your knowledge you Increase your revenue, 
and in other ways make your life worth living. Dairy 
farming is like handling edged tools that cut only 
profits when improperly directed. 
THE 
Cows Are Right! 
And common sense demands that every farmer who 
expects to make money from his cows shall spend at 
least a dollar a year for his own guidance and instruc¬ 
tion. The Editors and Correspondents of Hoard’s 
Dairyman are practical men trained in the dairy 
business. The paper is recognized as the leading 
dairy paper of the world. It is crammed full every 
week with the very cream of dairy thought and ex¬ 
perience. 
The Rural New-Yorker readers should take 
advantage of our elubhing’ rate with Hoard’s 
Dairyman, which enables us to send both 
pape'rs one year for #1.70. 
Send for Sample Copies to Hoard’s DAiitY- 
MAN Fort Atkinson. Wis. 
CUT 
RATES 
For good reading. 
to The Rural 
New- 
Yorker Subscribers only. 
Our Price 
Publishers’ 
with 
Price. 
R. N.-Y. 
Arthur’s Magazine. 
.$1.00 
11.90 
Century. 
. 4.00 
4.66 
Cosmopolitan. 
.1.60 
2.40 
Harper’s Magazine. 
. 4.00 
4.25 
Munsey’s. 
. 1.00 
1.90 
Peterson’s Magazine. .. 
. 1.00 
1.90 
Scribner’s. 
. 3.00 
3.65 
Godey’s. 
. 1.00 
1.90 
Good Housekeeping. 
. 2.00 
2.70 
Harper’s Bazar. 
. 4.00 
4.45 
Ladies' Home Journal.. 
.1.00 
1.90 
Household. 
. 1.00 
1.90 
Harper’s Weekly. 
. 4.00 
4.40 
. 6.00 
5.50 
. 6.00 
5.50 
Scientific American. 
. 3.00 
3.65 
New York Ledger. 
.2.00 
2.65 
Poultry Monthly. 
. 1.26 
1.90 
Farm Poultry (semi-monthly).1.00 
1.75 
Harper’s Young People. 
. 2.00 
2.65 
St. Nicholas. 
. 3.00 
3.65 
Youth’s Companion. 
. 1.76 
2.75 
Christian Work. 
3.00 
