STANLEY'S JOURNEY THROUGH AFRICA 
349 
return for £1,000 and rations for his escort, was to bring to Stanley’s 
aid his own personal efforts and influence, assisted by a considerable 
force of men—about one hundred and fifty of whom were armed with 
rifles. 
On the 5th of November, 1876, the Anglo-American Expedition 
left Nyangwe—1the outpost, as it were, of the Arab traders of the 
lake districts—and proceeded on its arduous journey down the Lua- 
laba. As the name soon disappeared, and the river was rebaptized 
every few miles by the natives, Stanley gave it the name of Living¬ 
stone—after him who had given his life for a knowledge of it—and 
by this name it will hereinafter be mentioned. 
For the first ten days the march along the bank led through a 
dense forest growth; so dense that often the travelers could not say 
if the sun were shining or the sky overcast. Dew fell from the leafage 
overhead in drops of rain; the narrow track became a ditch of wet 
mud; the air reeked with the poisonous fumes of fungi and the deadly 
breath of miasma. At times progress became so difficult that a whole 
day’s march advanced them but six miles. The men were rapidly 
succumbing to weariness and sickness, and the Arabs in Tippu Tib’s 
train clamored loudly for retreat. Even Tippu Tib himself came to 
Stanley and declared his unwillingness to proceed; although by doing 
so he forfeited his claim to the £1,000. Stanley was desperate. If he 
attempted to march without the great Arab, he knew that his expedi¬ 
tion would be no more; that the Wangwana would desert to a man. 
By dint of argument, however, and the sum of £500, he induced Tippu 
to accompany him twenty marches further, at the end of which Stanley 
hoped he would be able to obtain canoes for the whole of his expedi¬ 
tion and take to the river for the rest of the journey. 
At Ukassa, rapids were encountered for the first time, and as the 
river suddenly narrowed at this point, dangerous eddies and whirls 
made progress slow and cautious. All this while the main body was 
marching with Tippu Tib and his followers, along the left bank, and 
Stanley, with some thirty companions, navigated the river in the boat. 
On reaching Ikondu, one of the much-talked-of dwarfs was 
caught and brought into camp. A little over four feet in height, 
diminutive in proportions, and altogether puny in appearance, he did 
