78 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
THE SCIENCE OF FEEDING STOCK. 
Part XV. 
Various Considerations. 
We tried hard to close this subject last 
week, but readers won't have it. So many 
questions and comments have come in 
that we shall have to keep at it awhile 
longer. We are sorry that on page 30, 
those tables of pure fat and fat-formers 
were transposed. Asitread, thesupposed 
ration required so many grams of “ pure 
fat ” that a man would be forced to en¬ 
large his stomach to eat them all. One 
man figured on it carefully, and this is 
the way a friend reports his comments : 
He says that, as near as he can figure it, he 
must eat about six times as much fat-formers and 
four times as much muscle-makers as he is now 
doing, in order to get the required calories of 
potential energy, and he declares that his “ skin 
won’t hold it! ” 
No man with a broken skin can be said 
to have a balance to his ration. We wish 
to say again that the real value of this 
human “balance is to correct very one¬ 
sided rations, and to enable you to buy 
food more intelligently. Here are some 
notes on feeding prepared by a leading 
specialist of New York, which are well 
worth studying : 
“Convictions Regarding the Normal 
Diet and Cravings of Our Animal 
Slaves. —These thoughts are prompted 
as the result of reading the articles on 
‘ The Balanced Ration.’ The routine, 
stereotyped feeding of the domestic ani¬ 
mals, that has been handed down by the 
fathers, should give way to the enlight¬ 
enment of our day and generation. It 
will not be an easy matter to displace 
the set ideas that horses ‘do well enough’ 
on hay and oats, that cows ‘ require ’ 
only grass, bran and corn meal, that 
chickens ‘ thi’ive’ on pickings and whole 
corn and that bones and flesh constitute 
‘ the essential’ diet of our faithfifl dogs. 
Nearly all the ‘ popular’ books on the 
subject of feeding, are simply advertis¬ 
ing mediums, and the pretentious and 
impractical ‘ rules' have a tendency to 
drive a seeker for truths, in this branch 
of wisdom, back into the old, ‘ good 
enough’ rut. 
“ It would be manifestly absurd to for¬ 
mulate a ‘balanced ration’ for healthy 
men or women, and it is equally absurd 
and unfair to pin our serviceable animal 
friends down to their ancient, historic 
diet. The familiar, early breaking-down 
of the thoroughbred is, in my opinion, 
traceable to misguided judgment as to 
feeding. The vagaries of the ordinary 
horse’s condition are largely attributable 
to the same cause, while the disparity in 
the values of our cows and chickens, and 
the physical mysteries ever surrounding 
the remainder of our stock, can often be 
traced to this open door of ignorance. 
The inference is, that those who assume 
the responsibility for the appropriate 
care and nourishment of our birds and 
beasts, should acquire an intelligent 
understanding of comparative anatomv, 
physiology and hygiene. The biggest 
fool of an instructor is the average 
country horse-and-cow jockey. The fact 
should not be forgotten, as it certainly 
is, that the familiar forms of feeding 
have been mechanically adopted, as a 
A farm of 420 acres, having 12,000 fruit 
trees—apples, pears, peaches, cherries 
planted five years ago, can be bought this 
winter at a low price. The farm nearly 
adjoins the city of Chillicothe, O., lies on 
fine rolling land well adapted to fruit 
culture and stock raising. The owner 
died and the land came into the hands of 
a corporation whose business is not farm¬ 
ing or fruit growing. It is a fine oppor¬ 
tunity for the right man. For full in¬ 
formation address A. C. Houghton, 81 
Wheeler Building, Coluqabus, O.—Adv. 
mere matter of convenience (?). Notions 
of economy (?) may also have something 
to do with it. 
“ I wish to refer to the above two in¬ 
terrogation marks, and then I am ready 
to stand ‘ fire’ for treason, vanity and 
ignorance. It is common with my pro¬ 
fessional brethren, to witness the dire 
effects of ‘ economy’ and ‘ convenience’ 
in connection with the diet of human 
beings. The scant breakfast, the ‘quick 
lunch’ and unvarying dinners, constitute 
a prolific source of distemper and bad 
temper as well. Nervous energy makes 
a great showing for a while, but a short 
career is as certain as the coming night ! 
‘ ‘ By comparison, the history of our live 
stock is much the same. Our animals 
are, unavoidably, prisoners. They should 
not, however, be doomed to ‘prison fare.’ 
On the contrary, they should be indulged 
in every possible variety of natural 
nutriment. It seems unnecessary to 
waste space on details ; but 1 would like 
to dispatch an army of fool-killers after 
that choice lot of wiseacres who, for in¬ 
stance, look in holy horror at the mere 
suggestion of feeding apples to cows. 
Don’t ‘ balance’ the ‘ ration’ ‘ too fine !’ 
The staple ‘ feed’ cannot be dispensed 
with ; but ration in the largest possible 
variety of the balance of admissible diet, 
and the millennium of these long-suffer¬ 
ing creatures will draw nigh.” 
W. A. DAYTON, M. D. 
That takes us back to what was said 
under Part V of these papers—page 754 
of last year. We gave a list of nine dif¬ 
ferent rations that were being fed by 
successful dairymen in various parts of 
the country. The results indicated be¬ 
yond question that the best returns were 
made when a great variety of foods was 
given especially where the grain mixture 
was made of several different kinds. To 
feed an animal on one sort of hay and 
grain day after day all through the 
winter, is about the same as a family 
living on “ meat and potatoes ” the year 
around. Give the animals variety—give 
them “ what tastes good.” 
Several parties wish to know the best 
ration for fattening steers. Here is a 
sample letter : 
Will you give a ration composed of the follow¬ 
ing: Hay, wheat middlings, corn meal and lin¬ 
seed or cotton-seed meal? My steers will average 
1,050 pounds each, and are two years old. I am 
fattening them for the New York market, and 
shall ship them sometime in April. Which is the 
better, linseed or cotton-seed meal ? w. l. h. 
The theoretical standard ration for 
such cattle is (per 1,000 pounds;, 2% 
pounds of muscle-makers, 15 pounds of 
fat-formers and one-half pound of fat or 
a ratio of 1 to 0> 2 . For such cattle, we 
would prefer linseed to cotton-seed meal, 
chiefly because it has a more laxative 
effect on the bowels. The following 
ration ought to give good results: 20 
pounds of good hay, four pounds of wheat 
middlings, two pounds of linseed meal, 
and eight pounds of corn meal. Half a 
pound of cotton-seed meal in the place 
of half a pound of linseed or possibly a 
pound, might improve the ration—it 
would be well to try this on one or two 
steers as an experiment. The cotton¬ 
seed meal is cheaper, but in such a case 
where all the foods are dry and some¬ 
what constipating, we would choose lin¬ 
seed for its laxative effect—particularly 
the old process meal. 
So much interest is taken in estimat¬ 
ing the commercial value of feeds as 
compared with their feeding value, that 
we shall present in a short time a com¬ 
prehensive table that will enable any 
one to tell such comparative values at a 
glance. Other questions about feeding 
horses and poultry are yet to be 
answered, and we shall do our best to 
give all a fair discussion. Here, by the 
way, is a table that may be of interest to 
poultry feeders: 
What is the analysis of Bowker’s animal meal, 
or of the ordinary beef scrap as to digestible pro¬ 
tein, carbohydrates and fat? Also of skim-milk? 
I wish to experiment with the new balance for 
hens. The ration suggested by Mr. Jacobs is not 
practical, as lean beef in so large quantities is too 
expensive. 
The following averages are fair : 
POUNDS IN 100. 
Muscle- Fat- Pure 
makers, formers, fat. 
“Animal meal”. 35 _ 15 
Beef scrap. 45 — 2 
Skim-milk. 3(4 5 0.7 
Fresh meat. 16 — 14 
Fish scrap. 44 - 8 
The “ animal meal” also contains con¬ 
siderable fine bone. 
Moke Sour Ensilage.— I think that I can claim 
the big apple offered in the silo note on page 812 
of The R. N.-Y. My father has a silo that he has 
filled each year for 10 years, that has always had 
that disagreeable smell, although he never tried 
whole corn. We use an Aurora cutter that cuts it 
in one-inch lengths, level and tramp while cutting. 
Usually we cut the corn down one day, fill the silo 
the next, and weight the next. We have tried 
leaves, cut straw, birch bark, and tarred paper 
on corn under the plank, all with about the same 
results. When right in the silo, a person does not 
mind the smell so much, but a short distance away, 
or if on the clothes, it is certainly very disagree¬ 
able. All stock are very fond of it, and it seems to 
furnish more feed per acre than anything else we 
could raise. We have always used the common 
cow corn that does not come to maturity in our 
Province, in fact rarely shows an ear, conse¬ 
quently the fodder is very green, indeed. The silo 
is wholly under ground, walled with brick and 
cemented, and will hold about 25 tons of green 
fodder. I am much interested in the silo question, 
as I read about sweet ensilage having no bad 
smell, and wonder what is the cause of ours 
always smelling so strong. a. s. b. 
Watsonville, N. S. 
R. N.-Y.—Our belief is that the bad smell is due 
to the fact that green, immature fodder is used. 
It would probably help it somewhat to let the 
fodder wilt or cure somewhat before putting into 
the silo—though a variety that would come nearer 
maturity would be better. 
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