\l2 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March 0 
Part IV. 
Wood Ashes and Sone. 
Now we wish to say that the same cor¬ 
rosive power in the quicklime that will 
take the skin off your finger, will act on 
this humus to break it up and set free 
some of its plant food. To a certain ex¬ 
tent, too, this solvent power of lime acts 
on the soil itself. What we call soil, is 
only ground up rock—as we shall see 
later on. However finely this rock is 
ground, something more must be done 
to make it available as a fertilizer, as its 
plant food is locked up in chemical com¬ 
bination. The quicklime has some 
slight power to break up this combina¬ 
tion, and set free plant food—principally 
potash. While this action is very slight, 
it is enough to be counted in favor of the 
use of lime. Too much stress laid on 
this dissolving action of lime on the 
humus and actual soil, will work an in¬ 
jury in the end. By the continued use 
of lime alone, fair crops have been grown 
for a succession of years ; but it is evi¬ 
dent that this has been at the expense 
of the actual plant food in the soil, be¬ 
cause it has simply taken part of it away 
without returning' anything. The safest 
way to use lime, is to disregard its value 
as actual plant food, and consider only 
its effect on the soil in the ways we have 
indicated. We would never use less 
potash, nitrogen or phosphoric acid be¬ 
cause we used lime, neither would we 
use lime alone on poor soil. There is no 
apparent reason why the lime in wood 
ashes should be more beneficial than that 
in burned oyster shells or limestone. 
The tendency of lime is to sink in the 
soil. We, therefore, always advocate 
spreading lime and wood ashes on the 
surface, and harrowing instead of plow¬ 
ing them in. 
But don’t confuse lime with plaster or 
gypsum ! Here comes one of the hardest 
things to understand about fertilizers— 
that is the different chemical forms in 
which a substance may be found. The 
lime in wood ashes is in the form of a 
carbonate, while that in the plaster is 
called a sulphate. Let’s see if we know 
what that means, because it is necessary 
if we would understand what the chem¬ 
ists tell us. Suppose we take four 
samples of water and boil in one tea, in 
the others coffee, chocolate and cocoa. 
Now if we were to say that one is a tea- 
ate of water, another a coffeeate of 
water, and so on, you would see that 
coffeeate of water represents a mixture 
of water and coffee. As a matter of fact, 
if some one were to ask you to have a 
cup of the teaate of water, you can see 
that it would be more accurate than to 
say “a cup of tea,” because a large pro¬ 
portion of the contents of the cup is 
water with a little of the tea united with 
it. All these four “ates” then, have 
water for the basis of the drink ; yet 
their special character is determined by 
the tea, coffee, chocolate or cocoa put 
into it. Now lime is capable of forming 
chemical combinations with other sub¬ 
stances. Unlike the “coffeeate” of 
water, these chemical combinations are 
always exact—that is in sulphate of lime 
or plaster, tliex-e is always just so much 
of each substance, in the coffeeate, you 
A farm of 420 acres, having 12,000 fruit 
trees—apples, pears, peaches, cherries 
planted five years ago, can be bought this 
winter at a low price. The farm nearly 
adjoins the city of Chillicothe, O., lies on 
fine rolling land well adapted to fruit 
culture and stock raising. The owner 
died and the land came into the hands of 
a corporation whose business is not farm¬ 
ing or fruit growing. It is a fine oppor¬ 
tunity for the right man. For full in¬ 
formation address A. C. Houghton, 81 
Wheeler Building, Columbus, O.— Adv. 
can put in as much coffee as you like, 
but in the sulphate you can only have 
just so much sulphur and so much lime. 
Another thing about the “coffeeate” is 
that when once boiled, you can’t easily 
separate the coffee from the water ; you 
must drink it all. In the sulphate or 
chemical combination, you can exactly 
separate the sulphur and lime, and form 
a new combination, which is just what 
is done when we put pi aster in the stable 
to “ fix” the ammonia. The sulphur in 
the plaster leaves the lime and unites 
with the ammonia, thus making a form 
in which it can be held. To illustrate 
the difference, if we were to mix sulphur 
with ground limestone, we would not 
have a sulphate, but only a mixture of 
the two. Mix it with quicklime and 
water, though, and then it forms a 
chemical union. 
The four chief forms of lime that we 
have to consider, are carbonate, sul¬ 
phate, phosphate and nitrate. From 
what we said about these four “ ates ” 
of water, you will easily see that this 
means chemical union of lime with car¬ 
bon, sulphur, phosphorus and nitrogen. 
Now you can see as in the illustration of 
the sulphur and the limestone, that 
merely putting ordinary forms of these 
substances together, will not produce 
these “ ates.” Charcoal is carbon. Mix 
that with lime, and will you have a car¬ 
bonate ? No, there must be a special 
form of the carbon in order to have it 
unite with the lime. You burn lime¬ 
stone and produce lime. What does the 
burning do ? It drives off a gas called 
carbonic acid, which with the lime 
makes the lime stone. The carbon then 
meets the lime in the form of carbonic 
acid. Take a bottle of lime water and 
blow your breath into it. A white sub¬ 
stance forms in the water, and if you 
keep it up long enough, the lime dis¬ 
solved in the water will form and fall to 
the bottom. There must be something 
in the breath you expel that gives that 
lime substance and form. It is this car¬ 
bonic acid. 
In the Balanced Ration articles, we 
told you how the cow draws the air into 
her lungs where it helps keep up the 
fires of her body, and is then expelled 
charged with this carbonic acid which is 
a waste—like the smoke from a stove. 
By breathing into the lime water, you 
permit this acid and the lime to form a 
carbonate of lime. It is the same thing 
as putting back the cai'bonic acid driven 
off by the fire, and forming the lime¬ 
stone again. The point to remember is 
that it requires an acid to unite with the 
lime to form the carbonate. In the same 
way, sulphate of lime is formed by 
means of sulphuric acid, a phosphate by 
means of phosphoric acid, and a nitrate 
by means of nitric acid. We often speak 
of “muriate” of potash. That means 
potash combined with muriatic acid, of 
which chlorine is the important element 
Therefore chloride or chlorate, would 
mean very much the same thing. When 
you read about nitrate of soda, or sul¬ 
phate of potash, or phosphate of lime, 
can't you see that these names really rep¬ 
resent the same thing as teaate of water, 
cocoaate of milk, or saltate of vinegar ? 
They just stand for certain combinations 
of useful substances brought together in 
such an exact way that even their separa¬ 
tion can be made useful, as when plaster 
drops its sulphur to form sulphate of 
ammonia. 
More about this at the proper time. 
Now we know what ashes will do to the 
soil and that they contain certain pro- 
pox-tions of potash and phosphoric acid. 
Next we shall take up bone and then we 
shall see how and where we can duplicate 
the plant food the ashes and bone con- | 
tain. When we get to that, we shall see | 
how important it is to know what these 
various "ates” are. 
Curing a Cocked Ankle. —Three years ago, I 
had a horse slip on a crosswalk, resulting: in a 
badly-cocked ankle. The horse was very lame, j 
stood with the ankle cocked all the time, and I j 
had to give up using him for a month or more. I 
had tried several remedies with no effect. Finally, 
an old horseman told me to use the following 
remedy : Make a woolen bandage, 3:4 inches 
wide and six feet long, sew strings on one end to 
tie with when wound on the ankle. Bathe the 
ankle thoroughly with hot witch hazel, then put on 
the bandage nicely, and pour more witch hazel in 
between the bandage ana skin. I did as directed, 
and the next morning my horse stood straight on 
his ankle for the first time in six weeks. I con¬ 
tinued using t’ie remedy twice a day. He recov¬ 
ered immediately, and in a week I had him again 
at hard work. c. f. t. 
BLATCH FORD'S 
CALF MEAL. 
Perfect Substitute for Hilk in raising Calvea. 
Doubled in strength this season. One lb. makes 
o ne gal, of rich Gruel as nu t ritious as milk. 
Sample 25 lbs., $1.00. Pamphlet “How to 
Raise Calves Cheaply and Su ccessfully Without 
nilk,” with le tters from those who have done 
so, sent free. _ 
J. W. HARWELL, 16 Pacific Ave., Chicago, 
__Jobber of ni l! Fe eds, Grain, etc. , 
Gl uten M eal, Pure Oilmeals, Undecortica ted 
Co c ton .fe ed H eal, Fat Stock Corn and Wheat 
Feed, R ice Heal, Corn B ran , Whea t Bran, 
fliddi.ngs, Flour, etc. of best qualities. -- 
AiUfAcllancous gUltnttj&tnn. 
OMEN’S FACES 
—like flowers, fade 
and wither with time; 
the bloom of the rose 
is only known to the 
healthy woman’s 
cheeks. The nerv¬ 
ous strain caused by 
the ailments and 
pains peculiar to the 
sex, and the labor 
and worry of rearing 
a family, can often 
be traced by the lines in the woman’s face. 
Dull eyes, the sallow or wrinkled face and 
those “feelings of weakness” have their 
rise in the derangements and irregularities 
peculiar to women. The functional de¬ 
rangements, painful disorders, and chronic 
weaknesses of women, can be cured with 
Dr. Pierce’s Favorite Prescription. For the 
young girl just entering womanhood, for 
the mother and those about to become 
mothers, and later in “the change of life,” 
the “ Prescription ” is just what they need ; 
it aids nature in preparing the system for 
the change. It’s a medicine prescribed for 
thirty years, in the diseases of women, by 
Dr. R. V. Pierce, chief consulting physician 
to the Invalids’ Hotel and Surgical Insti¬ 
tute,at Buffalo, N. Y. Dr. Pierce’s Favorite 
Prescription will cure the chronic inflamma¬ 
tion of the lining membranes which cause 
such exhausting drains upon the system. 
It cures nervous prostration, sleeplessness, 
faintness, nervous debility and all disorders 
arising from derangement of the female 
organs and functions. 
Mrs. Jennie Williams, of Mohawk. Lane Co., 
Oregon, writes: “I 
was sick for over three 
years with blind dizzy 
spells, palpitation of 
the heart, pain in the 
back and head, and 
at times would have 
such a weak tired feel¬ 
ing when I first got 
up in the morning, 
and at times nervous 
chills. 
The physicians dif¬ 
fered as to what my 
disease was, but none 
of them did me any 
good. As soon as I 
commenced taking Dr. 
Pierce’s Favorite Pre¬ 
scription, I began to 
get better ; could sleep 
ijA' 
Mrs. Williams. 
well nights, and that bad. nervous feeling and the 
pain in my back soon left me. I can walk sever¬ 
al miles without getting tired. I took in all three 
bottles of ‘ Preset iptiou ’ and two of’ Discovery.’ ” 
Horse Carts 
12 STYLES. 
NARROW and \ $25 
WIDE TIRES. V Upward*. 
'Z and 4 Wheels. Write for 
circ’s and say what you need. 
’ HOBSON Si CO., I Factory— 
No.4 Stone St., NewVork. | Tatum v,l’a. 
GRINDS WHEAT, 
rye. barley and oats fine, also 
ear corn; and does it all on one 
set of grinders. Different from 
Others. Improved. Heat. 
Special prices now. 
0 al-o nioko it sizes of belt powermllls.) 
P. If. BOWSHER, So. Bend, Ind. 
FRENCH BUHR MILLS 
28 sizes and styles. Every mill warranted. 
For All Kinds of 
A noy can operate and 
in order. ‘‘Book on Mills” 
and sample meal FREE. 
All kinds mill machinery. Hour 
mills built, roller or huhrsy'tem. 
Reduced Price* for ’95. 
N03DYKE & MARMON CO. 
270 Day Street, 
P atent Slow-Feed Manger; $1.00 each; 9,000 
sold. 50 Warren St., New York: 140 N. Broad St., 
Philadelphia, and 53 Elm St., Boston. Mass. 
STM BOILERS, VsnSIg&ltM ?,& 
use iu Dairies, Laundries, Slaughter¬ 
houses, Running Engines, Pumping Water 
by Steam and other uses. Address 
J- K. PURIN'I’ON. A t’O.. Dus Moines. Ia 
A Complete Creamery 
IN ONE MACHINE. 
The Butter Accumulator 
Haa now been Thoroughly Tested and the 
following tacts fully proven : 
It gives more batter and better butter, 
skims cleaner and rails smoother. It Is sim¬ 
pler la construction and easier cleaned than 
any other machine of bs kind In existence. 
It will 8ave Its Own Pr ce either lu Reduction of 
First t ost, lu Its Increase In Yield, or in its 
Saving of Labor. 
CREAMERY PACKAGE MFG. CO., 
I, 3 & 5 Washington St., Chicago, Ill., Sole Agts. 
County and State Agents wanted In 
every part of the United States. 
Swedish Cream end Butter Separator Co., 35 William 
Street New York. 
Farmer’s Handy Wagon 
Introductory 
Prices 
In New Territory. 
This is just tiik Wagon tor youb Farm, 
whether it be wet, sandy or sidehill. It vt ill 
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wish agency, ask for it. We will send you a 
book of photographic views, showing how 
this wagon is used in every State in the 
Union. We can furnish you with the best 
metal wheels at the lowest prices for your 
old farm wagons. 
Write to FARMER’S HANDY WAGON CO. 
1402 Masonic Temple, Chicago, III., or Florence, Ala. 
m pCCT Farm Account Book on Earth. 3d 
DKLv I Ecl.,containingmany improvements 
now ready. 50c. GEO. A. ROGERS. N. Andover, Mass. 
if PPPFDQ SEND FOR 
IV El* FV O Sample copy of 
CLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 
A Handsomely Illustrated nPIC OilDDI ICC 
Magazine, and Catalog of D EL L. OUriLILo 
It'D Dlt’ Tlllf t I I.MIMTi B _ 4 k 
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POULTRY BOOK. 40 pages. 16 
varieties. Eggs, $1 for 13. DAVIS 
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SHOEMAKER'S POULTRY BOOLS. 
on earth, 84 paces printed in colors. Photo Engravings 
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you want one; only 15c. C. C. SHOEMAKER,Freeport,HI 
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Feb. 2,1892. Luttgens, Box 131, Paterson, N. J. 
VIRGINIA FARMS Colony. A beautiful Coun¬ 
try and village. Plenty of good farms. Free circulars. 
CITIZENS LAND B. L. A D. CO.. Claremont. Va. 
EGGS M FOWLS 
FOR SALE So brieties. Largest 
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2000 prize* at 1 O State Shown In 1 H94. 
Send three one cent stamps for best Illustrated 
Catalogue, size 8 x ii, 32 pages. 
CKAS. GAMMERDINGER, BOX 70 COLUMBUS, 0. 
Cures ■QT i 
Rheumatism, 
Neuralgia, 
Sciatica, 
Lumbago, 
JACOBS 
Sprains, Swellings, 
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.WHAT MORE IS NEEDED THAN A PERFECT CURE.... 
NEW CATALOGUE 2 1895 \ 
Printed in colors. The finest and best 
I-ouliry Book ever published, .illus¬ 
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varieties of Poultry. Gives prices oi 
Poultry and Eggs. Plans for Poultry 
Houses ana Remedie s for Diseases. If 
you raise Poultry, you can not afford 
to be without it. Sent for 10c. in silyer 
or stamps. Address, 
The J.W. MILLER CO>, 
Box NO. 121, FREEPORT, ILL- 
