254 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April 6 
FARMERS’ CLUB. 
(CONTINUED.) 
Treatment for Unthrifty Evergreens. 
M.J., Cuba, Mo. —What should be the treatment 
of evergreens 10 to 15 years old, that are not 
thrifty ? They are planted on poor clay land that 
has had but little cultivation or manure. Should 
I cultivate or not, and if to be manured, should 
they have fertilizers or stable manure ? 
Ans. —When evergreens at that age 
are unthrifty, we do not think there is 
any way of benefiting them very much. 
We would advise you to give them a 
heavy dressing of manure extending out 
fully as far as the longest branches. 
Is There a Cure for Plant Lice ? 
C. H. If., Ilornellsville, N. Y.— What remedy 
shall I use on my oats this season ? Last year, 
the lice were very bad, and destroyed my oats as 
well as my onion crop of five acres. The lice were 
small and green, and were found on the stems 
and leaves of the oats. I had one piece of cab¬ 
bage on which I used slaked lime, and the cab¬ 
bage were free from lice. Did the lime do it ? 
Ans. —This grain aphis or louse, was 
discussed in some detail in The R. N.-Y. 
for.June 9, 1894, page 361. No practi¬ 
cable method of combating it has been 
suggested. Its insect enemies usually 
take care of it. The plant louse which 
attacked the onions, was doubtless a 
different species. A thorough spraying 
with kerosene emulsion (dilute it from 
9 to 12 times) would doubtless prove 
practicable and effective where onions 
are attacked by plant lice. Neither 
slaked lime, nor any other substance 
that I know of, that might be applied 
to the soil, would have any effect on the 
plant lice. It was not the lime that kept 
the cabbage free from lice. M. V. s. 
The Rust of the Quince 
It ../. M., North East , Pa.— Inclosed find a small 
quince, a beetle and cocoon, and two pieces of bark 
having cells evidently the winter lodgings of some 
insect. The tree, a large one on the edge of my 
garden, is scaling its bark generously. Last year 
it produced over four bushels of choice fruit. The 
quince, I think, shows the cedar rust, so called. 
ANSWERED BY M. V. SLINGEBLAND. 
The quince showed unmistakable signs 
of the quince rust, a fungus with a 
curious life history. The rust on the 
quince is really only another form of a 
very different looking fungus, which 
causes apple-like swellings upon the 
twigs of Red cedar trees and juniper 
bushes. This cedar fungus, or so-called 
cedar apple, produces its spores or fruit¬ 
ing seeds in the spring, and these are 
carried by the wind, and, alighting upon 
the quince, soon produce the character¬ 
istic quince rust. When the rust first 
attracts attention on the quince, it is 
already beyond control, except by re¬ 
moving and burning the diseased parts. 
The fungus produces a conspicuous 
orange fringe-like growth on the fruit, 
and often also penetrates the twigs, caus¬ 
ing knots to appear, resembling the 
black-knot of the plum. The fruit is 
often deformed by the fungus. Excel¬ 
lent illustrations and a short account of 
this rust may be found in Bulletin 80 
recently issued by the Cornell Experi¬ 
ment Station. The spores produced by 
the rust on quince, are incapable, so far 
as known, of again producing the rust, 
but are scattered by the wind, and when 
they come upon the cedar or juniper, 
produce the cedar-apple stage. Cedars 
may affect quinces at a distance of eight 
miles. First destroy the cedar trees, if 
the rust is feared. Next destroy all 
affected portions of quinces. Professor 
Bailey thinks that the rust can be kept 
off the quince by thorough spraying with 
Bordeaux Mixture. If the leaves, fruit 
and twigs of the quince tree are covered 
with the fungicide, the spores will find 
small chance of making successful ger¬ 
mination when they arrive from the 
cedar trees. The rust is rarely very 
serious. 
1 failed to find the beetle among the 
specimens. If R. J. M. will send me an¬ 
other specimen, I will try to diagnose it. 
The cocoon was made by the beautiful 
caterpillar of the White Marked Tussock 
Moth. This insect sometimes occurs so 
numerously on fruit trees as to neces¬ 
sitate spraying with Paris-green for 
them. The caterpillars often occur in 
vast numbers, and do great damage on 
city shade trees. Their large, white, 
frothy egg-masses are conspicuous ob¬ 
jects during the winter on the bare 
trees, and should be gathered and burned 
at once. The two “ cells” on the pieces 
of bark, look very much like the cocoons 
of the Codling moth. But both cocoons 
are empty, and a round hole extending 
into them from the outside indicates 
that some of our bird friends found the 
inclosed caterpillars or pupae sweet mor¬ 
sels. 
A New England Swamp “Gone to Grass ! " 
Several Subscribers. —Last year, The R. N.-Y. 
told of a man in Connecticut who grew a large 
crop of hay in a drained swamp. Can we have 
further particulars ? 
Ans. —The man who “ redeemed the 
swamp” was Mr. G. M. Clark, President 
of the Cutaway Harrow Co. Last year’s 
crop on 16 acres was 121,300 pounds of 
good hay. The best single acre gave 
12,245 pounds. The average yield on 10 
acres was 9,436 pounds. Mr. Clark gives 
the following account of his work : 
‘‘My field contains 16 acres, about 
one-half of which is wet, the rest dry 
land, a portion of it very dry. The wet 
portion is made so by a gravel hardpan 
coming to the surface. The field has a 
northern and eastern slope. One acre of 
the northeast corner was almost a dead 
flat. The wet and swampy portion of the 
field was covered with a light coat of 
decayed vegetation, or black muck, but 
when graded true (and it was all truly 
graded) this was swept into low places, 
so that much of the present surface is 
composed entirely of nothing but the 
gravel hardpan. Half, at least, of the 
eight acres of swamp land is thus com¬ 
posed. From the northeast corner, the 
grade rises to the south and northwest, 
so that the northwest corner is at least 
100 feet higher than the northeast cor¬ 
ner. A portion of the wet field was 
underdrained by filling in ditches with 
stone, of which I had to remove at least 
1,000 tons from each acre. These stone 
drains have in cases drained the ground 
too much ; they are, however, getting 
(Continued on next page.) 
anrous vntisinn. 
In writing to advertisers, please always mention 
The Rural New-Yorker. 
FENCE MACHINES, 
SUPERIOR MEG. CO., Martinsville. O 
SPRAYING OUTFIT ™;$5.50 
WILLSPRAY 10 ACRES PER DAY. 
Automatic Mixer. Barrel Attachment. 
cn Finn in IICO Endorsed by theleadingEntomol- 
UU,UUU III UoCi ogistsoftheU.S. A valuable Illus¬ 
trated Book (worth $5.00) given to each purchaser. 
Satisfaction Guaranteed, or Money Refunded. 
I II.Catalogue and Treatise on Spraying,Free. 
Our Agents are making from 85 to 820 per day. 
For particulars and P. C. LEWIS MFC. CO. 
terms,address Box 95 Catskill, N.Y, 
THERE ISA NIGGER IN THE WOOD PILE 
When any man offers you a good Spray Pump at one- 
third its value. We cannot sell you gold dollars at 30 
cents each. Neither can he. But we can furnish you 
more hard service for a dollar’s worth of metal than any 
of them. The “ ECLIPSE ” is not a “ Squirt Gun ” but 
the best spray pump in the market. Catalogue free. 
MORRILL & MORLEY, Benton Harbor, Mich. 
For Mildew, Black Rot and Leaf Blight on Grapes, 
FRUITS, PLANTS AND VEGETABLES, use T ^ I ' | ^ 
“Always ready.” Easily applied cheaper |“H I 1 III 
than Bordeaux Mixture. Sold by Seedsmen and X kJ XXX I > 
C. H. JOOSTEN, No. 36 Dey Street, NEW YORK. 
OUR PUMPS have Automatic Agitators and doit 
right OurGAKFIELir KNAPSACK ami EMPIRE 
KING lead all others. Everybody says so. 
Catalogue and instruction book, 4 cents. Circulars free 
FIELD FORCE PUMP CO.. 113 Bristol Avc., Lockport, N.Y. 
CAVE 
U Fro i 
IE POTATOES 
From the bugs with one of my 
Paris Green Sprinklers. 
(GUAY’S PATENT.) 
If tried once will never be wlth- 
It. Can sprinkle more than 
one acre la an hour with It. 
It saves half of the Paris 
Green against any other 
method. Write for prices 
and circulars to 
E. GOETTSCHE, Mfr., 
1049 Milwaukee Avenue 
Chicago. III. 
Mention this paper. 
SPRAYING 
PUMPS 
Kill insects, prevent leaf blight 
and wormy fruit. We have had 
60 YEARS’ T N E pu E Mr c ! 
Send for catalogue and much 
useful knowledge; its FREE. 
W.&B. DOUGLAS, 
MIDDLETOWN CT., 
NEW YORK CITY. CHICAGO. 
LEGGETT’S 
FUNGIROID 
AB0RD EAUX/A IXTURE egg 
BEST APPLIED WITH 
Leggett's Paris-Green or Powder Gun. 
For Orchard, Vineyard. Garden or Potato Field. Dis¬ 
tributes Paris-Green. Sulphur, “ Fungiroid,” or any 
dry powder. Light, Swift. Easy, Safe. Strong and 
Cheap. Thousands in Use. 
Illustrated Circular on application. 
LEGGETT & BROTHER, 301 Pearl St„ New York. 
SUCCESS 
IS ATTAINED WITH 
SPRAY PUMPS 
MADE BY 
THE DEMING CO., Salem, 0. 
BUCKET AND BARREL PUMPS OF 
VARIOUS STYLES, WITH ALL BRASS 
WORKING PARTS; KNAPSACK SPRAY¬ 
ERS, DEMING-VERMOREL AND BOR¬ 
DEAUX SPRAY NOZZLES, ETC. 
“THE WORLD’S BEST.” 
O^Cat&logue and Treatise on application. 
HENI0N & HUBBELL, I rHlf ,. rn 
Gen’l Western Agts. 
KILL all BUGS 
S^TT" , OverTn^^cr^^Tne 
hour. Easy to use. Oniyona 
pound Paris Green to acre. No 
plaster or water used. 400 
bushels potatoes to acre. TIow 
to do it; BOOK FREE. Will 
pay you to write. 
The Hotchkiss & Tuttle Co., 
Wnllingford, Conn. 
I nu/rfon’e Perfection Wire and Picket Field Fence 
LUnUcll O Machine. Best in world. Fence costs 25c. 
a rod. Agents wanted. I .. C. Lowden, Indianapolis. Ind 
[WOVEN WIRE FENCE 
s — -■- 3 Horse high, bull strong, 
5pig and chicken tight, 
^llake it yourself for 
;l3to20a1Tt!a: 
KITSELMAN 
J 5 O styles. A man and boy can make 
3 40 to 60 rods aday. catalog free. 
N BROS.. Ridgeville, Ind. 
OI O 00 FOR a 
MACHINE 
to weave your fence at 
25 Cts. per Rod. 
10 No. 10 Gal.wires. Cross 
wires No. 12. TRUK, we 
will sell you the wire on 
this guarantee. Agents 
Wanted.Catalogue Free. 
UARTKR 
Wire Fence Mucli.Co. 
Rox 30, Derby, O. 
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NEW ANGLE STEEL POST 
PLAIN WIRE FENCE. 
Will not burn, blow or rot down, and the price has 
been put down from 81 to 65 cents per rod, 
complete with wire stay. Our tightener will tighten 
your old wire fences. Call on your dealer or order 
direct. Write for circulars. Agents wanted. 
HOMER STEEL FENCE C 0 „ HOMER, MICH. 
AUTOMATIC 
M ACHINERY. 
Send forlll. Catalogue. John J. McGowen, Ithaca,N.Y 
FREE SPRAY PUMP^r 
you mean business and want agency send 10c. We will 
send a complete pump tha t will do the work of a *10 
spray. A. SPEERS, 11 64 North Windham, Maine. 
CDDAY DIIMDC columbuna pumpco., 
or HA I rumro 48 R. ll. St., Columbiana, Ohio. 
ONE-HORSE DOUBLE ROW 
PARIS-GREEN 
AND 
FERTI¬ 
LIZER 
THB NUMYR , Spray V '& C 'solid Stream NOZZLE 
Nickeled; can’t clog; ask your dealer. Illustrated 
Circular free. H. F. NEUMEYER, Macungie. Pa. 
DISTRIBUTOR. Send for Circular. 
Address J. W. SPANGLER, Y r ork, Pa. 
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FARMERS SHOULD EXPERIMENT 
and not always take the word of interested 
parties. Very few of them have any idea 
how much the common soft wire will stretch. 
They may have been lead to believe it a mere 
tiiile. It is an easy matter to prove that a 
No. 9 wire, under it strain of about 1000 lbs. 
will stretch from 1 to U4 in. per foot and it 
never takes up its own slack. That accounts 
for those little end ratchets filling up so 
quickly. Our local agent will furnish a power¬ 
ful stretcher for this experiment. 
PAGE WOVEN WIRE FENCE CO., Adrian, Mich. 
Fir-Tree 
Best and most pleasant Insecticide 
for home use and greenhouse. Excel¬ 
lent wash for plants, birds, dogs. Ac. Sold by seedsmen 
A druggists. Gen.Dep’t: Aug. ltolker & Sons. NewYork. 
KEYSTONE WOVEN WIRE FENCING 
can be depended on to turn your stock. Absolutely 
safe. Every rod guaranteed. Made in heights from 
25 to 58 inches. If Interested, send for illustrated 
catalogue. 
tBLED FIELD AND HOC FENCE: 
>1 Web Picket Lawn Fence; Steel Gates, Steel 
ts and Steel Rails; Tree, Flower and Tomato 
irds ; Steel Wire Fence Board, etc. Catalogue free. 
KALB FENCE CO., it High St.,DeKalb,Ill. 
Keystone Woven Wire Fence Co., 
No. 49 Locust Street, TREMONT, ILL. 
”JR£f\A FENCE CO st . »*• 
RICHMOND IND. ^ 
WE FURNISH" 
//IRE AND MACHINE 
