1895 
263 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
FARMERS’ CLUB. 
(CONTINUED.) 
Sunning and Soaking Seed. 
//. O. P., River Falls, Wis.— The R. N.-Y. says, 
“ Don’t fail to leave the tubers spread out in a 
warm, sunny place for a few days before plant¬ 
ing.” I intend to soak my potatoes in corrosive 
sublimate solution and, cutting by hand, we find 
it most easily done while the potatoes are moist. 
When would you advise that they be sunned ? It 
seems as if sunning after cutting would be inad¬ 
visable. 
Ans. —Probably it would be the safer 
way to sun them before soaking- them in 
the solution. The idea is to plump up 
the eyes and to insure an early and more 
certain growth 
Potatoes on Crimson Clover Sod. 
R. J. M., North Fast, Penn. —I wish to plant two 
acres of potatoes on Crimson clover sod. The 
soil is a sandy loam, new land, chestnut and oak. 
On July 26 last, I sowed 12 pounds of Crimson 
clover seed per acre, secured a fine catch, and it 
is looking strong and bright now, notwithstand¬ 
ing a temperature of 13 degrees below zero. When 
should I plant ? When plow and how deep ? We 
usually plant here during June—about the mid¬ 
dle-avoiding one crop of beetles. What is best, 
or one of the best early varieties for earliness 
and yield 'i How shall I fertilize, that is, in what 
form shall I get my phosphoric acid and potash ? 
Ans. —We would plow the clover under 
before the seeds form, so as to get as 
much growth as possible. In our own 
case, we would plant at once and trust to 
Paris-green to kill the bugs. Our way 
would be after plowing to broadcast and 
harrow in about 400 pounds fine ground 
bone and 150 pounds muriate of potash 
per acre. A good way to do this is to 
use a grain drill for dropping the ferti¬ 
lizer—running it across the furrows, 
and thus giving a slight harrowing. We 
would open the drills with a tool like 
Darnell’s furrower crosswise of the fur¬ 
rows, and plant the potatoes about four 
inches deep. In case you do not think 
the nitrogen in the bone is needed, you 
may use 500 pounds acid rock or dissolved 
boneblack instead. As to varieties, we 
would suggest Early Puritan, New Queen, 
State of Maine, Green Mountain and 
White Star. 
The Value Of Tankage. 
H. M., Kanins, Ohio. —What is the value of tank¬ 
age, such as is made at the packing houses ? 
Ans. —As often explained in The R. 
N.-Y., “ tankage” is the mass that settles 
in the tanks where bones and meat are 
boiled to remove the fat. It is really 
meat and bone mixed, and when crushed, 
dried and ground, contains about seven 
per cent ot nitrogen and 10 of phosphoric 
acid. As compared with other fertilizing 
substances, it is worth, when very finely 
ground, about $28. See Primer Science. 
Fertilizer for Corn on Sod. 
A. C. M., Moab, Va. —I have a clover sod turned, 
soil a clay and sand loam. Would the following 
fertilizer be sufficient, with from 50 to 100 bushels 
of lime to the acre for corn and beans: Soluble 
bone and potash, phosphoric acid, soluble or 
available, 11 to 13 per cent, potash actual, two to 
three ? How much per acre of the fertilizer would 
be enough ? 
Ans. —The objections to the use of the 
lime, you will find described on page 212. 
When you put soluble phosphoric acid 
into the soil with lime, you cause it to 
revert at once. About the worst thing 
you can do is to put that lime on and 
then add that superphosphate. If you 
use lime, don't use the phosphoric acid in a 
soluble form, but use bone instead. That 
fertilizer is weak in potash. We would 
add 200 pounds of muriate of potash to 
each ton of fertilizer, and use 400 pounds 
or over to the acre for corn. Do not use 
the lime with this soluble phosphoric 
acid. 
Butter Out of Whey. 
1). W. T., Orange County, N. Y.—l am told that 
dairying has progressed so that even the small 
amount of butter fat left in the whey after cheese¬ 
making, may be saved and made into butter. Is 
that correct? 
Ans. —Yes, it is. In Bulletin 85 of Cor¬ 
nell University (Ithaca, N. Y.), Prof. H. 
II. Wing tells all about it. Analyses 
showed that whey from the cheesemaking 
at Cornell, averaged one-fourth of one per¬ 
cent butter fat. The most practical way 
to recover this fat was to run the whey 
through a separator, and this was done 
with the result that most of it was re¬ 
covered. The whey was run through 
twice—the first time removing about 
one-tenth of the entire bulk, and then 
this small amount was put through the 
second time, thus removing all the cream. 
From 1,000 pounds of whey, they thus 
obtained 2>£ pounds of good butter, 
which would otherwise have been wasted. 
Prof. Wing states that in 1892, 130,991,310 
pounds of cheese were made in New York 
State. This represents 1,113,426,135 
pounds of whey. A fair average of the 
butter fat left in whey is .39 of one per 
cent, which would represent 4,776,598 
pounds of butter, which at 20 cents a 
pound, means $995,319 now wasted in 
New ^ ork State alone ! Think what the 
addition of separator and churn would 
save to the cheese factories in this State ! 
The Value of Bone Ash. 
J. Z. M., Wheeling, W. Va. —I have a lot of ashes 
and roasted bones of animals that were burned 
along with a small amount of garbage in a gas 
cremating furnace. Part of the bone is burnt to 
ashes, but part is in large pieces, although heated 
to red heat. 1. What is the value of the stuff as 
fertilizer ? 2. What would be the best method of 
using ? I thought of sifting, and putting the 
coarse around trees and using the fine for annual 
crops. 
Ans. —As we have learned, bones con¬ 
tain nitrogen and phosphoric acid. When 
burned, the nitrogen all passes away as 
a gas and the ash that is left contains 
lime and phosphoric acid. There is not 
enough potash in the substance you have 
to figure on. Ordinary bone ash con¬ 
tains about 35 per cent of phosphoric 
acid and is probably worth, as compared 
with other fertilizers, something over $25 
a ton. Your plan is good. The coarse 
pieces will do good service around trees. 
The fine ash may be used anywhere that 
phosphoric acid is needed. 
Long Sprouts on Potato Seed. 
J. C. B., Girard, III.— 1. How will It affect the 
crop to rub six-inch sprouts off of seed potatoes ? 
Would The R. N.-Y. plant sprouted seed potatoes? 
2. What is The R. N.-Y.’s experience with using 
the subsoil plow on clay subsoil ? 
Ans. —1. The longer sprouts are, the 
more the tuber is weakened—that is, the 
less nutriment it can give the sprout 
until it has made its own roots and 
derives its support from the soil. The 
seed tuber, or piece of seed tuber, is the * 
mother until it is weaned so to say, and 
can shirk for itself. We would not plant 
“sprouted” seed potatoes if we could 
plant sound “seed.” 2. In our efforts to 
raise an immense yield of potatoes by 
the trench system, a subsoil plow was 
used. The season was dry and unfavor¬ 
able, and we thought the subsoiling in¬ 
jured the yield. 
As to “ Varieties ” of Oats. 
./. II. B., Deer River, N.J. —What about “Golden 
Prolific oat”? Can they raise all they claim of it? 
Ans. — The R. N.-Y. up to within a 
few years, tried all the popular varieties 
of oats. We have never found that any 
one kind was better than all others. For 
example, one finds the Welcome (known 
under at least six different names) yields 
more grain and straw than any other. A 
second finds the straw weak. A third 
finds the “husks” too hard. Another 
finds side oats preferable as yielding 
more and having softer husks, though 
giving far less weight of grain to the 
bushel. The greatest yield of oats ever 
harvested at the Rural Farm was some¬ 
thing over 90 bushels to the acre. The 
variety was a black side oat. The weight 
of the grain was about 28 pounds to the 
bushel. Our own feeling about this oat 
business is that there is more in the sea¬ 
son and in the preparation of the soil 
than there is in the variety. 
Cotton-Seed Meal; Mare With Kidney Trouble. 
II. B. S., Steep Brook, Mass.—l. What shall I add 
to cotton-seed meal to make a complete fertilizer 
for potatoes ? How many pounds should I use 
per acre, and how apply it ? I have a lot of hen 
manure; which would it be best for, corn or pota¬ 
toes, and how should I apply it ? 2. My 17-year- 
old mare is a good worker, but has a kidney 
trouble. Nearly every time I use her, she drinks 
a lot of water, and then in a little while keeps 
passing whitish water. I have given her powdered 
resin, that helped some, but did not cure her. I 
have taken her to a veterinarian and he gave me 
a prescription ; it helped but did not cure her. 
She is in good order, and a good feeder. 
Ans.— 1. As to the use of cotton-seed 
meal, we refer you to the article by Prof. 
Voorhees on page 139. He recommended 
1.000 pounds of cotton-seed meal, 650 
pounds of acid rock, and 350 of muriate 
of potash. This is a simple mixture, 
though, as we have often pointed out. it 
is not the best fertilizer for potatoes. We 
would use at least 1,000 pounds of this 
mixture per acre. You might broadcast 
the phosphate and muriate, and scatter 
the cotton-seed meal over the drills or 
hills—working it well into the soil. We 
would use the hen manure on corn. If 
possible, we would crush it fine and 
broadcast and harrow it in. 2. Give the 
mare one pint of castor oil, or ona quart 
of raw linseed oil, to move the bowels. 
Follow by a bran mash diet until purged. 
Repeat the dose in three days if the 
bowels are not moved by the first dose. 
Allow the mare to drink, not to exceed 
10 or 12 quarts of water at any one time; 
but she may be watered three or four 
times daily. Feed one-half pint of 
ground flaxseed in the grain twice daily. 
If no improvement follows this treat¬ 
ment, return to the prescription given 
you by your veterinary surgeon. 
Fistula Following Puncture for Bloat. 
F. B. L., Blue Lick Springs, Ky .—I bought a yoke 
of cattle some time since, one of them having been 
punctured for bloat, and I suppose in the wrong 
place, for having been cut last fall, the opening 
is still running. There seems to be a sack of pus 
inside, which discharges almost continuously. 
The incision into the ox’s side, is about four 
inches in front of the hip bone, and about two 
inches below the short ribs, just where the tender¬ 
loin of the beef is, the hole being very nearly in the 
center of the hollow behind the last ribs. How 
can I remedy or relieve this trouble? If I com¬ 
mence at the hole and cut downward through the 
skin, and if necessary into the cavity, is there 
danger of cutting any large vein or artery there ? 
Ans. —Usually a puncture for bloat in 
the cow, heals rapidly ; but occasionally 
a fistula or abscess of this kind results, 
especially if the operation is carelessly 
managed. If on the left side, the region 
you describe is the proper place for 
puncturing. The only danger in cutting 
or dissecting in this region is that of 
opening into the abdominal cavity. If 
there is a sac or pus cavity apparent 
from the outside, you can safely cut it 
freely open. But if not apparent from 
the outside, the fistula probably extends 
inward and may be complicated by ab¬ 
dominal adhesions. In that case, 1 would 
advise you to employ a veterinarian or a 
surgeon to dissect it out for you. f. r,. k. 
Grain Ration for a Trotter. 
W. P. McC., Troy, Pa.—Will The R. N.-Y. give 
a grain ration, as nearly perfect as possible, for a 
trotting horse ? He will be fed clean Timothy 
hay, and occasionally grassed to keep him cool. 
Ans. —Clipped white oats is the best 
grain ration for the race horse. A little 
ground flaxseed or bran should be given, 
sufficient to keep the bowels in a healthy 
condition. The ration of long hay should 
be limited in quantity; and bright, clean, 
mixed hay containing, say, about one- 
fourth clover could be profitably substi¬ 
tuted for the Timothy. Up to within 
one month of the races, an occasional 
“chop” as a change of food, could be 
given to advantage, the ground feed to 
consist of two parts of oats and one part 
each of wheat and corn. But during the 
last month the oats should form the basis 
of the grain ration. f. i,. k. 
POTATO 
GROWERS 
ATTENTION l 
SCHWINGEL’S 
COMBINED 
POTATO 
IMPLEMENT. 
A Marker or 
Furrower 
A Coverer 
A Hiller 
AND A 
Fertilizer 
Distributer. 
It marks or furrows any depth desired. Coversthe 
seed evenly, and as a Hiller has no equal. The ferti¬ 
lizer attachment is the finest thing of the kind ever 
put on an implement Ask your dealer to order you 
a machine and write for illustrated catalogue de¬ 
scribing the machine in each capacitv. Address the 
manuf’r, E. E. SCHWINGER, Dausvllle, N. Y. 
aaGRAPE VINES 
100 Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, *Ve. Bestroot- 
edstock. Uenuino.cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for l()c. 
Descriptive price-list free. LEWIS KOK-SUf, Fredonla, N. V. 
GRAPE vines. 
World. Siiuill Fruits- Introducer of unrivalled 
new Red Jacket Gooseberry & Fay Currant. 
Catalogue free. Geo.S. JohscI.vh, I'redonia.N. Y. 
Green Mountain Grape. 
Remember, we are HEADQUARTERS for the Green 
Mountain Grape, the earliest and best of all early 
grapes. Do not fall to plant out one or more vines 
this Spring. Our two or three year vines will bear the 
next year after setting. Send for circular. 
We also have a FULL LINE of all other NURSERY 
STOCK. Address STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS, 
New Canaan, Conn 
DOLLARS FUN AND COMFORT 
Hale’s Book tells the story. Describes and prices 
Best Berries.Currants,Grapes, Aspara- ■ mil IT 
gus, Rhubarb, Hardy Peaches, Japan IN r H 11 
Plums and other mortgage lifters. Drop "* 1 1 
postal now. HALE BROS., So. Glastonbury, Conn. 
Berry Plants^ Japan Plums 
Honest Descriptions, I No Chromos, 
Honest Goods. No Poor or Second- 
Honest Prices. \ hand Stock. 
Free Catalogue. G. S. BUTLER, Cromwell, Coun. 
DACDREDDIEC ,;r °kg, Palmer, Souhegan, 
nnOrDCnniCO $<i per M; Cuthbert,$7 perM. 
Also, Jerseys and Cheshlres. 
JACOB HOMER, New Hamburg, Pa. 
QAQDREQQY Dl AMTC for sale.— 100,000 of 
nAorDLnrf I iLAIl I o the latest and best 
varieties; 50 and 60 per cent ahead at the New 
York State Station trial. Address CHAS. MILLS, 
Fairmount, Onondaga County, N. Y 
Great American Strawberry Plants. 
The largest, finest strawberry grown. I grew four 
acres for market. Brings more money per quart than 
any other variety. Very productive, hardy, perfect 
blossom. Plants $1 per 100; $4 per 1.000. 
A. JOHNSON. Lincoln Park. N. J. 
100,000 Derry Plants. 
Strawberry. Raspberry, Blackberry and Currants 
Strictly llrst-class stock. Also Agent for Morrill & 
Morley’s Eclipse Spray Pumps. Send for Catalogues 
and Price List. WALTER F. TABER. 
Lakevlew Fruit Farm, Poughkeepsie, N. Y 
BARGAIN No. 2. 
1,000 Parker Earle Strawberry Plants 
by express, for $2.50. This Offer is good till April 22 
Send the cash, Plants will reach you next day. 
T. C. KEVITT, Athenia, N. J. 
Our Dig 6 
Collection 
RE VOL IJT10N IN STRA WBERR Y GRO WING. 
Your success in growing straw¬ 
berries depends upon the right 
varieties, our BIG <» collection: 
Rio, Cyclone, Aroma, Tennessee, 
No Name and Ivanlioe, after years 
ot trial by our Experiment Stations and hundreds ot 
others are pronounced to he the best. After trial you 
will discard others. If you want the best, send for 
the largest straw berry catalogue published, and make 
you a tine selection; over 100 varieties. Headquarters 
for Lady Thompson, in 10.00(1 lots. 
THOMPSON’S SONS, Rio Vista, Va. 
A Strawberry Bed for $2. 
Five Kinds, Largest, Earliest, Latest, Newest. 
By mail prepaid. Good plants. Safe arrival guaranteed 
1 dozen Epping. 
.$0 50 I 
1 dozen Princeton Chief . 
. 35 
The live 
1 dozen Marshall. 
. 75 [ 
Dozen 
1 dozen Timbrel 1. 
. 35 | 
for #2. 
1 dozen Greenville. 
. 35 j 
Any of the following 25 cents per dozen: Five dozen 
for $1 by mail. Dayton, Beder Wood, Cumberland, 
Gandy. Haverland Seedling, Warfield, Pearl, Shusters 
Gem, Smiths Seedling, Victor Hugo and Van Deman. 
If you mention this paper when sending for our cat¬ 
alogue a beautiful colored picture will be included, 
both free. WEST JERSEY NURSERY COMI’ANY, 
Bridgeton, N. J. 
FRUIT PACKAGES ?,*£ 
i Also Beekeepers’ Supplies. 
Write to us and Inquire about 
our cheap Berry Baskets. 
Catalogue and price list free. 
BERLIN FRUIT BOX CO., 
Berlin Heights, Erie Co., Ohio. 
Native Evergreen Hemlock, Arbor Vitte, 
White Pine ami White Spruce, 6 to 12 inches, 
at $3 for 1,000; $10 for 5,000; $17.50 for 10,000. Packing 
free. .JAMES A, ROOT, Skaneateles, N. Y. 
Our New 1895 Catalogue, 
with beautifully colored plate, truthful Illustrations of select 
FRUIT TREES, PLANTS and VINES. 
Complete list of Ornamental Stock; all hardy and reliable, 
Mailed free. 
Ti Ji DWYER, Nurseries, CORNWALL, N. Y. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
ft 
GREENVILLE. 
BY THE 
MILLION. 
5 DOZEN PLANTS BY MAIL (assorted), #1.00. 
Berlin (New), $1.00 Doz.; $3.00 per 100; $10.00 per 1000. 
500,000 Asparagus Roots. 20,000 Apple Trees. 
20,000 Peaches, Champion and Crosby. 
By mail, 2 for 25 cts.; 5 for 50 cts.; i2 for $1.00 ; 100 for $6.00. 
Send postal for 20-page catalogue. Free at once. 
BERLIN NURSERIES, Berlin, Nld. 
