1895 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
281 
not attempt it if there was a fair market for cabbage, 
celery, tomatoes or melons, because these crops can 
be made to produce greater returns to the acre. 
Early Norther and New Queen Potatoes. 
A. 1). M., Freeport, Me. —Has The R. N.-Y. tried the Early Norther 
and New Queen potatoes ? They seem to be very popular in Maine, 
and 1 would like to hear the results of Tub Rural’s trials of them. 
Axs.—New Queen was tried at the Rural Grounds 
in 1888—seed from Geo. W. P. Jerrard—in rich, garden 
soil. Two pieces yielded 21 large and four small 
tubers, weighing 10 pounds ; a rare yield. Light skin, 
medium length, cylindrical, shapely, eyes medium in 
number, and not deep. Good quality. We have also 
tried the Early Norther, but we fail to find the record. 
A Potato Mixture Wanted. 
0. E. McO., Wethersfield, N. Y. —I have a small Held which I 
purpose to plant to potatoes this spring-. The soil is a dark loam, 
somewhat stony, quite retentive of moisture and is commonly 
known as hard-pan land. It is not very fertile—would probably 
raise 100 bushels to the acre all told. It seems to be deficient in 
all the elements of plant food, as it does not raise one crop any 
better than another. I wish to know the formula of a commercial 
fertilizer that will just fix that land, the quantity per acre, and the 
method of putting it on ? 
Ans. —We would use, on such a field, a fertilizer 
analyzing about 434 per cent nitrogen, seven of phos¬ 
phoric acid and six of potash. Remembering what is 
said in Primer Science about the need of at least two 
forms of nitrogen, etc., we would go to the table 
printed last week and see where we could get the 
organic nitrogen cheapest. Probably that will be 
cotton-seed meal. To get the nitrate you should use 
nitrate of soda. You need 90 pounds of nitrogen to 
the ton. First, 150 pounds nitrate of soda will give 24 
pounds. Now you wish (50 more. Take 800 pounds of 
cotton-seed meal, which will furnish 50 pounds nitro¬ 
gen, 24 of phosphoric acid and 10 of potash. To pro¬ 
vide the remainder of the nitrogen, use 400 pounds of 
bone, which also provides 80 pounds phosphoric acid. 
You now need 30 pounds of phosphoric acid, which 
you can obtain in 300 pounds of acid rock, and 225 
pounds of either muiiate or sulphate of potash will 
supply the needed potash, and you may add 200 
pounds of plaster or dry earth. That is a potato mix¬ 
ture, but it may cost you more to buy these ingredi¬ 
ents and mix them than to buy a fertilizer already 
mixed. 
Pure Cream for City Consumers. 
S. J. 11., Canajoharie, N. Y. —1. Do consumers in cities have much 
difficulty in getting a reliable quality of cream in any desired 
quantity ? 2. Is there any demand for a standard article that can 
be kept a week or two, if it.has not had any chemicals inserted ? 
3. By what class of consumers and where is the greatest demand 
likely to be found ? 
Axs.—1. Dealers have told us that they experience 
difficulty in getting a satisfactory quality of cream, 
so that we presume consumers would experience the 
same difficulty. 2. There is always a demand for a 
good, pure article, whose uniform quality may always 
be relied upon. It should be kept in good condition, 
though we doubt whether it will be necessary to keep 
it for that*length of time. In no case should anything 
be added to it. 3. The best private families, and 
high class restaurants and hotels. Proprietors of soda 
water fountains also use cream to some extent, as do 
confectioners and ice cream makers. 
Value of Ashes and Manures. 
P. L. K., Oakville, Out. —1. What is a compost worth per ton, 
delivered, composed of one part horse manure to four of night 
soil, to be applied to a light, sandy soil with clay subsoil ? 2. Are 
ashes made of soft wood, such as elm and ash, good for land ? 
If so, what are they worth per bushel at the factory ? 3. Applying 
15 tons of compost per acre on ordinary soil, what amount of 
ashes should I apply per acre for potatoes ? 4. In planting pota¬ 
toes by the trench system, will it injure the seed to plow down rye 
or Crimson clover, and plant every third furrow, or will they do 
better with surface planting ? 5. Will Crimson clover do well in 
this country? If so, when should it be sown, and what amount 
of seed per acre for soiling purposes ? 
Ans. —1. We could not say without knowing the 
values of other manurial substances. The valuations 
of fertilizers and manure, are all comparative, and 
are based upon what the three most important ele¬ 
ments of fertility cost in other forms. As an esti¬ 
mate, we would consider such a compost worth one- 
fourth more than ordinary stable manure. 2. All 
ashes are valuable for land. Sixty pounds of such 
ashes will contain about 334 pounds of potash, and 
are worth to you what it costs to buy that potash in 
other substances. As figured by the market prices in 
New York City, the 334 pounds of potash are worth 
about 734 cents. 3. If you have read back numbers 
of Primer Science, you will understand why we do not 
advise the use of ashes on potatoes. If they are used, 
we would by all means soak the seed in the corrosive 
sublimate solution. 4. We understand that good crops 
of potatoes are grown when the seed is simply plowed 
in, but in our own practice we would not do it, but 
would plow the sod carefully under and then furrow 
across it. 5. Last week we had a favorable report 
from Ontario. We would sow it in the fall or late 
summer, using about 12 pounds of seed to the acre. 
“Humus Crops " ; Peas and Clovers. 
V. 11. S., York County , Me. —1. I have a piece of light, sandy soil 
on which I wish to grow green crops to plow under for humus. I 
am thinking of sowing Canada peas and oats, or rye, and would 
like to know how cotton-seed meal and wood ashes would do for 
fertilizer, and about what proportion of each to use. 2. How 
would it do, after plowing under the peas and oats, to sow clover, 
sowing enough oats or rye to protect the young clover through 
the winter, and next year cut the first crop and plow under the 
second, to plant potatoes on in 1897? 3. As it is uncertain how 
Crimson clover will stand our winters, how would it do to sow it 
and Medium clover together ? 
Ans. —By looking at the table of analyses, you will 
see that both cotton-seed meal and ashes are weak 
in phosphoric acd. You should add this substance in 
some form to make a complete fertilizer. A mixture 
of 1,000 pounds of ashes, 500 of cotton-seed meal, and 
300 of fine bone, would be much better than the ashes 
and meal alone. We would prefer to mix Crimson and 
Medium clovers for fall sowing, under all the circum- 
stanees. A light seeding to rye might help protect 
the clover, though we think it will get through alone 
if you sow early enough to let it get a large growth 
before the ground freezes. 
Young Pigs Dying. 
C. IF. It., Fulton, i\. Y. —What ails my pigs ? The sow has been 
fed on shorts and corn meal, roots, a little corn, and table scraps. 
She is in fair condition, but not fat. March 28, she gave birth to 
14 live pigs, 13 of which lived until three days old. It was then 
noticed that one pig was getting weak. In three hours it was 
dead and two more were affected, and I think there is not a sound 
pig in the litter. They begin by holding up one foot. Soon they 
lose the use of the rest of their legs, and they can get around 
only by wriggling along, or perhaps by hopping a little. At times, 
their breath comes in short, quick gasps, and at other times they 
breathe all right. When asleep, they will sometimes twitch and 
jerk all over. Their legs, hips and back also turn black in the 
last stages. They are ravenously hungry, and will nurse all right 
until an hour or so before they die. They have grown like weeds, 
and are as fat and pluini> as can be. The sow eats well, and 
seems all right, except that she acts a little dull. 
Ans. —I am unable to account for the death of the 
pigs. Possibly some of our swine breeders may be 
able to suggest the probable cause of the trouble. 
F. L. K. 
Stocking Leg in Pony. 
T. 8., Caledonia. Pa. —I have a small bay pony with foal; her 
hind legs swell and look scabby. It looks like grease heel, but the 
water is yellow and thick. What shall I do for her ? 
Ans. —I am unable to say from your description, 
whether the stocking of the leg is due to a dropsical 
condition which occasionally occurs during the later 
stages of ‘ gestation, or to an attack of grease heel. 
If to the former, very little treatment is necessary 
beyond giving moderate daily exercise which should 
keep the swelling down. Such swelling will soon dis¬ 
appear after birth. If due to gi’ease heel, try the 
treatment advised for grapes in a horse, on page 1(51 of 
The R. N.-Y. for March 9. k. l. k. 
Cow With Inflamed Udder. 
//. II., Berkshire, N. Y. —I have a three-year-old Holstein heifer 
that dropped her second calf March 20. I could not start the milk 
out of one of her hind teats, and by advice of a neighbor, I _ook a 
knitting needle and stuck up the teat, which started the milk 
some. But I cannot get the milk from the hind teats except by 
stripping, and then it comes very slowly. By examining her 
udder, I found a lump about the size of a small egg, about half 
way up on the hind part, in the center, which seems to be very 
sore. She also does some kicking while I am stripping those two 
teats. She was a good milker until four weeks before she 
came in. 
Ans. —The cow has suffered from inflammation of 
the udder, due either to an injury, or to allowing too 
much milk to collect in the udder while “drying off.” 
For the soreness, bathe and rub well after each milk¬ 
ing with camphorated spirits or belladonna ointment. 
To increase the flow of milk from the teat, a special 
instrument, known as the teat slitter, should be used 
to enlarge the milk duct in the teat. Employ a 
veterinary surgeon to perform this operation. 
F. L. KILBORNE. 
... 
We have a Fine Stock of all kinds of Trees and Plants. 
I PEACH, PEAR, and PLUM TREES I 
AT LOWEST PRICES FOR BEST STOCK. 
Send for Beautifully Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue. 
I JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., HICHTSTOWN, NEW JERSEY. i 
FRUIT AND URNAMENTAL. 
Crimson Rambler Rose-^^",^^ 
SHALL FRUITS, GRAPES, SHRUBS, ROSES, 
EVERGREENS, HARDY PLANTS. 
Largest and choicest collections in America. 
„ FOR SPRING PLANTING. 
Prepare your lists now, and send for estimates. 
Write for New Catalogue, beautifully illustrated. Fret, 
mn ELLWANGER &, BARRY, 
nOUNT HOPE NURSERIES, Rochester, fc. Y. 
ESTABLISHES OVER HALF A CEHTURY AC0. 
TURN YOUR K EIFFERS into ANfiEI S 
If you don t like the Keiffer, top-graft them with Angel, the most profitable and 
most handsome early pear. Grows well on Keiffer, hardy, and free from blight. 
Grafts, 25c. each, or will send five for SI, including to those who desire it, wax and 
model showing how to graft securely. $1,000 worth of Angels already sold to 
Rural readers. Trees, by mail, $1 each. Send to-day. Also, send list of wants 
for prices. 50,000 Peaches, mostly Crosbey. 
ALL STOCK GUARANTEED FREE FROM DISEASE. ^ 
IHE ROGERS NURSERY COMPANY, Box 1002, M00REST0WN, N. J, 
“New Jersey’s Leading Nursery.” 
Our New 1895 Catalogue, 
with beautifully colored plate, truthful illustrations of select 
FRUIT TREES, PLANTS and VINES. 
Complete list of Ornamental Stock; all hardy and reliable. 
Mailed fuek. 
T. J, DWYER j Nurseries, CORNWALL, N. Y. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS MILLION. 
5 DOZEN PLANTS HY MAIL (assorted), *1.00. 
Berlin (New), 81.00 Doz.; $3.00 per 100; $10.00 per 1000. 
500,000 Asparagus ltoots. 20,000 Apple Trees. 
20,000 Peaches, Champion and Crosby. 
By mail, 2 for 25 cts.; 5 for 50 cts.; 12 for $1.00 ; 100 for $6.00. 
Send postal for 20-page catalogue. Free at once. 
BERLIN NURSERIES, Berlin, Md. 
gheenville. 
DOLLARS 
SENSE. 
Use your good common sense In spending your dollars for 
PLANTS, TREKS ami VINE*, (let the kind that are 
guaranteed to grow vigorously and rapidly. That’s the kind 
vve sell. Our illustrated catalogue mailed free, tells of prices, 
varieties, Ac. ARTHUR .1. COLLINS, Jloorestown, N. J. 
THE STANDARD OF QUALITY. 
‘Bright alike outside and 
Inside.” Mailed Free on applicu- 
, tion. With eacli copy wo will send 
I (fiat) a beautiful painting of New 
ISweet Peas until trie 600,000 have all 
1 been called for. Send a postal to-day. 
1 VV . Atlee Burpee A Co., Plilluduu 
What 
When 
How 
To Plant 
Our Catalogue for 1895 contains more 
practical information on these subjects 
than any other issued. It can be had 
by sending postal card to 
EVERGREENS. 
Largestatock in Amer> 
lea, including 
Colorado Blue Spruce 
and Douglas Spruce 
of Colorado. 
Also Ornamental, 
Shade and Forest Trees , 
Tree Seeds, Etc. 
DOUGLAS A SONS, 
WuuLcgan, III. 
D LANDRETH & SONS, 
Seed Growers and Merchants, 
21 and 23 South Sixth Street, 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
Berry Plants* Japan Plums 
Honest Descriptions, j No Chromos, 
Honest Goods. No Poor or Second- 
Honest Prices. | hand Stock. 
Free Catalogue. G. S. BUTLER, Cromwell, Conn. 
BVBRGRBI^ IV S 
thatlive and grow is what you want. I sell them. 
Nursery grown trees, 265, 8 varieties, transplanted 
evergreens one foot and up, packed and on curs for 
t'lO.OO. Greatest bargain ever offered. Smaller lots 
cheap. Windbreak trees a specialty. Illustrated 
catalogue free. Local Agents wanted. Mention 
paper. D. BILL, Evergreen Special^, Dundee. Ill. 
Native Evergreen Hemlock, Arbor Vitae, 
White Pine and White Spruce. 6 to 12 inches, 
at S3 for 1,000; $10 for 5,000; $17.50 for 10,000. Packing 
free. JAMES A. ROOT, Skaneateles. v. y. 
