1895 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
297 
James Law’s Veterinary Adviser : “ Poisonous prin¬ 
ciples exist in Eye grass, millet, vetches, tares, etc., 
when ripening and not cured. In the case of Rye 
grass, the poison has been separated as an extract, 
and administered with fatal effect to horses, cattle, 
and dogs. It acts by paralyzing the stomach and con¬ 
gesting the brain.” [prof.] i. p. robkkts. 
Testing Milk at a Creamery. 
G. A'., Georgetown , Conn. —At this place milk is taken to the 
creamery every two days, and the four messes of milk are poured 
together into a tank to be weighed; then the milk is sampled by 
dipping a little tin cup in this mixture. These samples are saved 
for a week, and then a test is made. Is this a good way to make 
tests, and will it give a fair average of the milk ? Is it the custom 
tc^test that way in all the creameries? 
Ans. —This method of taking samples and testing 
milk is the usual one practiced in creameries which 
settle for their milk by what is known as the com¬ 
posite test. Of course the main difficulty is in taking 
the sample properly. The sample must be a fair rep¬ 
resentative of all the milk delivered at the time that 
the sample is taken. If the milk has been well stir¬ 
red and cooled down at the farm, and then kept so 
that the cream that does rise, does not become thick¬ 
ened or dried to any great extent, it is not at all dif¬ 
ficult to get a perfect mixture of two days’ milk when 
all is dumped into the weighing can together. Of 
course, lack of attention on either the part of the 
producer or the factory man, is pretty sure to result 
in an improperly drawn sample. Rut it is the prime 
duty of both parties to see that this attention is not 
relaxed ; then there will be no difficulty, n. ir. wing. 
Cheap Paint for Farm Buildings. 
1). E ., Normal, III .—How can I make a cheap paint for farm 
buildings ? 
Ans. —There are several different formulas for such 
paints. A good one is made by adding to two quarts 
of water lime or hydraulic cement, sweet skim-milk 
until it is of the consistency of good cream. Pour in 
the milk slowly, stir briskly and thoroughly, and do 
not mix more than this quantity at a time, as it is 
liable to settle to the bottom and become hard. The 
paint must be made of just the consistency to spread 
easily. Different colors may be made by adding the 
desired pigments, mixed to a paste with milk before 
adding. A common, flat paint brush is best for 
applying it. 
Salt Won't Save the Shingles. 
E. L., Meshoppen, Pa. —Will salt put on a shingle roof when the 
roof is damp, be any protection against fire ? Will it preserve the 
shingles ? Will it have a tendency to make them warp ? 
Ans. —No to all three questions. The salt will all 
be dissolved and washed out by the first shower. 
Applying Bone and Potash. 
M.-L. B., Spar kill. N. Y .—After using stable manure in large 
quantities for some years, I have been advised to use, for a change, 
less manure and more muriate of potash and pure ground bone. 
Having mixed a small quantity of this, I applied it to a half acre 
of early peas in the drills, but was very much surprised to find 
that, as soon as it came in contact with the moist soil, it began 
to smell exactly like a dead carcass. I ordered it covered at 
once. What I wish to know is, did anything valuable escape ? If 
so, how shall I apply it to avoid loss ? I wish to use this mixture 
as a top dressing for strawberries, orchards and grass, as well as 
for other crops. 
Ans. —There was probably no loss of ammonia. 
That would be the only valuable gas to escape. The 
worst odors are generally caused by combinations 
that are of no agricultural value. The characteristic 
smell of ammonia will always indicate when that gas 
is escaping. You did right in covering the bone and 
potash with soil. It will answer just as well to apply 
the bone and potash separately. On small areas, it 
will be no more work to broadcast each by itself. The 
best way to use them on cultivated crops, is to scatter 
evenly and work in with cultivator or rake. 
Galls That Infest the Mulberry. 
C. G. 11., Centerbrook, Conn. —I send a twig from a mulberry 
tree in my plum orchard, that is covered with some kind of galls. 
Is it anything that will spread to plum trees? In May or June, 
the insect comes out of the galls, and crawls about on the twigs, 
probably laying its eggs. It follows the growth of new wood. All 
the galls on the old wood are empty. 
ANSWERED BY M. V. 8LINGERLAND. 
In Fig. 98 are shown, natural size, the mulberry 
twigs sent by C. G. B. It will be seen that every bud 
has been attacked by some creature, and distorted 
into irregular gall-like growths. The galls are of a 
brown color, lighter than the bark of the twig, and 
they have no opening. They resemble somewhat the 
galls made by the Plum-twig Gall-mite described in 
The R. N.-Y. of March 2, but upon cutting through 
the thin, hard, outer shell of one of these Mulberry 
GALLS ON A MULBERRY TWIG. Flo. 98. 
galls, one finds only a single occupant in each. The 
solitary inhabitant nearly fills the cavity, and will 
crawl out through the hole thus made if left to himself. 
The little creature is a curious looking, flat, nearly 
square, orange-yellow colored insect, with two large, 
overlapping black wing-pads on the sides of its body. 
Its tail end, short, fat legs, and antennae are also 
black. Any one familiar with that destructive pear 
pest, the Pear psylla, would at once recognize in this 
little gall owner, a near relative to the nymphs of 
—this, navager of pear orchards. In fact, the makers of 
these mulberry galls are psyllas, or Jumping Plant 
lice, so called from the peculiar habits of the adult 
insects which jump like fleas when disturbed. 
This Psylla gallmaker on mulberry, is doubtless 
closely allied to, if not identical with, a species which 
makes similar galls on hackberry, and is described by 
Dr. Riley as Pachypsylla celtidis-gemma. 
The creatures now in the galls are the full-grown 
nymphs of this Mulberry psylla. They have probably 
not been feeding since last fall, and are only awaiting 
the opening of spring that they may saw their way 
through the walls of their gall home, and transform 
to the pretty little winged psyllas resembling a Seven¬ 
teen-year cicada in miniature. Doubtless, as C. G. B. 
states, the adults lay their eggs on the twigs in May 
or June. The young nymphs settle on the buds which 
would normally produce a new twig the ensuing yean, 
and gradually sink into the buds, at last becoming 
entirely inclosed in a nearly spherical, gall-like 
growth. As several nymphs settle on e.ach bud, often 
the whole bud becomes a large, compound gall, as 
shown in the figure, containing several chambers, 
each with his solitary occupant, who is always shut 
off from all communication with his neighbors by 
separating walls. There is probably only one brood 
of this psylla during the j ear, and the galls are formed 
only on the new growth. 
1 do not believe that there is the slightest danger 
that these gall-making psyllas will attack the plum 
trees near by ; yet they may. It would be well to 
keep a lookout for the galls on neighboring plum 
trees. But why not exterminate the psyllas on the 
mulberry, by simply judiciously pruning out the galls 
each fall or winter, and burning them V 
This Mulberry Gall-making psylla is a very inter¬ 
esting insect, and as I have found no account of a 
similar attack on the mulberry, I have discussed the 
pest in detail, hoping that it may interest some one 
conveniently located to make a careful study of the 
curious creature and its habits. 
Roses for Hedges. 
P. P. P-, Wheeling, Mo. —What perpetual hardy roses will make 
a good hedge ? 
Ans. —The best rose of which we know for a hedge, 
is The R. N.-Y. rose, Agnes Emily Carman. The 
Japan Rugosas, white and red, sold by all nursery¬ 
men, are also suitable. If a variety of hardy hybrid 
perpetuals be preferred, select from the following : 
Gen. Jacqueminot, Mabel Morrison, Abel Grand, 
Baroness Rothschild, Charles Margottin, La Heine, 
Marquise de Castellane, Anne de Diesbach, Baronne 
Prevost. 
Sweet Corn for Soiling. 
L. <)., Saratoga County, N. Y. —This part of the country has been 
troubled with more or less drought for several years, which 
ruined the pastures. I wish to plant some sweet corn for summer 
feeding, to keep up the (low of milk, and would like the names of 
some kinds earlier than the Mexican, with stalks as large or 
Larger and as productive of ears. Also the largest of those as 
late or a week or two later than Mexican. Where can I get the 
Dwarf Mammoth referred to In Tim R. N.-Y. for September 23, 
1893, page 649, and what is it like ? 
Ans. —Most dairymen use the Evergreen variety for 
this purpose. Two other good varieties are Crosby 
and Ne Plus Ultra. The “Dwarf Mammoth” is a local 
variety grown bv one cv*.V npighbi)FS-a.nd. not, soR] - 
on the market. 
An Old Barbed-Wire Wound. 
It. W. L., East Liverpool, 0. —I have just bought a mare that had 
been cut on a barbed-wire fence last fall, on the front of her hind 
leg. It has never healed yet, and is much enlarged; in fact, I 
think it was never attended properly. What shall I do to get her 
leg healed, and not leave much enlargement ? 
Ans.—A personal examination is necessary in an old 
chronic case of this kind, to determine the present 
condition, and enable me to advise the proper course 
of treatment. I would advise employing the nearest 
competent veterinarian to examine personally and 
treat the mare. In the meantime, use the following 
wash once daily on the leg : Sulphate of zinc, six 
drams ; lead acetate, one ounce, dissolved in three 
pints of water. Shake well before using. F. j,. K. 
SURPLUS BERRY PLANTS CHEAP. THE ANfiFI 
i Of STRAWBERRIES, we have a surplus of Bubach. Haverland, Princess, J J 
# 0f STRAWBERRIES, we have a surplus of Bubach. Haverland, Princess, 
Lovett, Wilson, Burt. Warfield, Parker Earle, Michel’s Early, Splendid, Lady Thomp¬ 
son and Timbrell. Also a good stock of all new and old varieties at lowest prices. 
RASPBERRIES.—2,000 Kansas, 10.000 Shaffers, 25,000 Cuthbert, Palmer,Hilborn, 
Gregg, Golden Queen, Caroline, Marlboro, Miller (new), Loudon and Columbian. 
BLACKBERRIES —50,000 Snyder. 25,000 Taylor, 10,000 Kittatinny, 5,000 Erie’ 
5,000 Agawam. 5,000 Lawton, 2.000 Minnewaski, 1,000 each of Wachusett Thornless. 
Western Triumph and Early Harvest ; also Maxwell's Early and Eldorado. 
North Star, Fay and other Currants; Gooseberries, Grapes, Asparagus, Etc. 
CATALOGUE FREE 
RFMFMRFR 0ur season is several weeks later than rest of the United States, and we can ship 
11-2? nomcmDC p i an ts successfully till June 1 and even later. Send list of wants for prices, or send 
*1, 8S5, or whatever you wish to invest, and leave | | CflDbJjCD D II V 
selection of varieties to us. La lla lAllllBCLllj lUluSKIp 111 Ta 
I QC 000 each of Bubach, Triumph, Sharpless. 
INWALL, N. \. B Z J; UUU Downing, Warfield,Haverland,Gen. Put- 
BBUBHBH^HBHBU^bSI nam, Kirkwood, Lovett's, Michel's Early, at $2.50 per M 
each of Parker Earle, Gandy and Greenville, at $3.50 per M. 10,000 Timbrell. 
at $10 per M—ALL No. 1 PLANTS. 
O TransDlanted Cabbage Plants, all CH 000 Tomato Plants, all Transplanted, 
varieties, at $4.50 per M. UUjUUU a t $7 per M. 
Tomato Plants in three-inch Pots, at $1.75 per 100. Reference: The Rural New- 
Yorker. Our Nursery Catalogue mailed free. 
i 
a SMB WKKB Jk Strawberry,Blackberry,Currant,Goose- m| _ k p as 
111 A BI^T berry, Asparagus and Graj*e Plants. || J J 
V I A M I \ Pear, Apple, Peach, Chestnut, Walnut. I BK ■■ Pi % 
I LH II I V I^ d & r t. ARTHUR J. COLLINS &^ev": ■ I1LLU 
A I The largest of all early Pears, and the 
■ I I " A fmj B Bj earliest large Pear. Strong grower 
A || L I §1 ■■ I and free from blight. Most profit- 
LB I 111 able and most handsome early Pear. 
«A remarkable early Pear.” E. S. 
Carman.—See Rural N. Y. Sept.8. Our new catalogue tells all about this and other 
fruits for profit. Leaders are Japan Plums, Crosby Peaches, &c. Largest stock, 
Lowest prices. Send for surplus list 6 c Cherries, Plums, &c. All stock guarantee! 
healthy. Thrifty am) Free from iHneano. The Rogers Nursery Co. Rox 102 Moorestown, N- J. 
\U f ’ “ Bright alike outside and I 
' Inside.” Mailed Free on applica¬ 
tion. With each copy we will send 
(fiat) a beautiful painting of New 
Sweet Peas until the 500,000 have all 
been called for. Send a postal to-day. 
\V. Atlee Burpee Co., Pblludau 
New Jersey. 
THE STANDARD OF QUALITY. 
What 
When To Plant 
How 
Our Catalogue for 1895 contains more 
practical information on these subjects 
than any other issued. It can be had 
by sending postal card to 
D LANDRETH & SONS, 
Seed Growers and Merchants, 
21 and 23 South Sixth Street, 
Philadelphia, Pa. 
DC A Beans and White Leghorn Eggs for sale. 
I CM M. G. LUTTENTON, Kent, N. Y. 
DCDDV Dl 1UTC by the mlUion. Every va- 
Dtnn I iLAH I o ” ety , r ;: rnu ' ,s - « ra P ea - 
Hardy Peaches, Aspara¬ 
gus, Rhubarb, Japan Chestnuts. By mail to all parts 
United States at one-half agents’ prices. Free book. 
.Dollars,Fan <fc Comfort in Fruit Culture, full of informa¬ 
tion. Write now. Hale Bros., I ADAM DIIIMC 
South Glastonbury, Conn. JMlHIl iLUIYIu 
tion. Write now. Hale Bros., I ADAM DIIIMC 
South Glastonbury, Conn. JHiHIl rLUIllu 
Berry Plants^ Japan Plums 
Honest Descriptions, | No Chromos, 
Honest Goods. No Poor or Second- 
Honest Prices. | hand Stock. 
Free Catalogue. G. S. BUTLER, Cromwell, Conn 
D J n _ ^ 15,000 Thornp. Prolific, Q 
flGu Marlboro. 10,000 H 21V 
Cuthbert. Also. 2,000 ■ M J 1 
Lucretlas. Fine. 1,0 H) tor $5; 100 for 75c. 
EDWARD YOUNG, Mllton-on-the Hudson, N. Y. 
Pay. 
