" PROF. CRIMSON CLOVER F. F” 
His Record In New Jersey in the Spring of 1895. 
The ai*ea seeded with Crimson clover in New Jersey 
during the summer of 1894, was considerable, and 
though the season for seeding was unfavorable, and 
the winter very severe, the result is, on the whole, 
decidedly favorable for the hardiness of the plant. 
The information gathered from spe¬ 
cific experiments by the Experiment 
Station, as well as from correspond¬ 
ents from nearly all sections of the 
State, indicate that where it was 
seeded previous to September 1, and 
well put in on land in fair condition, 
it has withstood the winter without 
serious loss. 
In the eight experiments conducted 
by the Station in five counties: Glou¬ 
cester, Monmouth, Middlesex, Sussex 
and Warren, two failures are recorded, 
one in Monmouth County, which was 
seeded in corn September 13, on light, 
sandy land ; the other, on the College 
Farm, in Middlesex County, on heavy 
land, seeded on October 1, on raw 
ground after fodder corn. In these 
experiments, the seed germinated well, 
and though only a small top was se¬ 
cured before winter, it remained 
bright and healthy, until the severe 
weather of February. The land was 
badly exposed, and the high winds 
swept them bare of snow, which 
caused most of the plants to perish. 
In the other experiments, all seeded 
between August 1 and September 1, the 
plants survived, and are doing nicely. 
The reports of correspondents from 
sections south of New Brunswick, are 
uniformly favorable. Failures to se¬ 
cure a catch or to withstand the win¬ 
ter, being explained as due to condi¬ 
tions of seeding, soil, or exposure, 
which would have proved fatal to 
plants for which stronger claims for 
hardiness are made than have been 
made for Crimson clover. In the more 
northern counties, a number of fail¬ 
ures are reported that are not under¬ 
stood, though it is pretty generally 
admitted that all the precautions in 
reference to preparation of soil and 
methods and time of seeding were not 
observed. The size of the plants on 
April 24 this year from seedings pre¬ 
vious to September 15, corresponds 
to that of 1893, and is much less 
than on the same date in 1894. 
Four experiments to test the influence 
of the time of seeding, are in progress 
on the College Farm, and the accom¬ 
panying cuts of specimen plants, rep¬ 
resenting the average, show interesting 
differences on this date, April 24 : Plant 
shown at Fig. 113 (page 358), was seeded 
August 4 ; Fig. 114 (page 359), August 
13, and Fig. 115 (page 359), August 29. 
The seeding October 1, as before 
stated, was an entire failure. Figs. 113 and 115 were 
seeded on raw ground after a heavy crop of fodder 
corn had been removed, and Fig. 114 on adjoining 
land upon which no crop had been harvested. 
There is but little difference in the stand and ap¬ 
pearance of the crops represented by Figs. 113 and 
114, though the seeding of August 13, is slightly larger 
than that of August 4, the average about six inches in 
serve the whole plant in order to show the fibrous 
roots and tubercles, shows the size of the plant on 
April 24, from a seeding on August 1, in a pear orchard 
in Gloucester County. The soil is a sandy loam and 
well supplied with the mineral elements ; the crop is 
a splendid sight, and illustrates well the possibilities 
of the plant when grown under favorable conditions 
of soil fertility, which it is within the power of many 
farmers to secure. Compared with 
Figs. 113 and 114, it also shows nicely 
the difference in earliness in the two 
localities. 
The results of studies of this plant, 
recorded in Bulletin 100 of this Sta¬ 
tion, show the value of a crop six 
inches high, both as a green manure 
and as a forage plant. A good stand 
from a seeding costing $1.50, returns as 
early as April 24, nitrogen and organic 
matter equivalent to that contained in 
10 tons of average quality of yard ma¬ 
nure, and food constituents sufficient 
to maintain 12 milch cows for one 
week. Crimson clover has come to 
stay, and should be given a trial by all 
farmers, even though their system of 
practice requires that it should be 
used as a green manure or pasture be¬ 
fore May 1 . [prof. J k. b. vooriikes. 
New Jersey Experiment Station. 
In a Pennsylvania Peach Orchard. 
I set a dozen acres to peach trees 
three years ago ; while the trees have 
been kept in the most vigorous condi; 
tion by constant cultivation, and the 
use of ground bone and muriate of 
potash, as recommended in The R. N.- 
Y., the ground, especially one end of 
the field, seemed to be becoming hard, 
as though suffering for humus. I was 
thinking of plowing in a crop of buck¬ 
wheat to lighten the soil, but last 
June I planted about five acres of the 
west end of the field, which seemed to 
be the hardest, to sweet corn. I no¬ 
ticed in The R. N.-Y. the discussion 
of the Crimson clover problem ; while 
it recommended trying it only in small 
quantities, I concluded that if it would 
do here anything like as well as it did 
in Delaware and several other places, 
it would surely be just what I needed. 
As my farm is in southern central 
Pennsylvania (the field in orchard is 
within half a mile of the Maryland 
line) I thought I could risk $4 for a 
bushel of seed. At the last cultivation 
of the five acres of sweet corn, July 31 
and August 1, I sowed the bushel of 
seed, and cultivated it in with the 
Planet Jr. cultivator. The season was 
dry, but we had a light shower or two, 
and, inside of a week, it came up 
nicely. It grew but little during 
the autumn, owing to dry weather, 
but looked all right when covered 
with snow about Christmas. The snow 
did not disappear till early in March, 
at which time the clover still looked all right; but I 
was afraid that the March freezing and thawing 
might destroy its vitality, and did not feel safe in 
saying whether it was a success or not until we had 
settled spring weather, which was somewhat late 
But I am glad now to report that it has been a com 
plete success here, this season, exceeding my most 
sanguine expectations. It has grown most rapidly 
height, and a strong tendency to stool, making the 
crops a dense mat on the land. The crop represented 
by Fig. 115, is not a full stand and is much smaller 
and less vigorous than the others ; the tendency to 
stool is also very much reduced, giving the appearance 
of a thin seeding. 
It is apparent that the quality of soil and the time 
of seeding, are important factors in securing a crop, 
SINGLE STOOL OF CRIMSON CLOVER. (LIFE SIZE). Fig. 112. 
Grown in Southern New Jersey. Seeded August 1, 1894. 
particularly in an unfavorable season; the better 
land counteracting, in some degree, the unfavorable 
influence of a later seeding. The better the soil, the 
better the crop, is as true for Crimson as for other 
clovers, though we have abundant evidence that Crim¬ 
son will thrive and make good crops on soils upon 
which the common Red will not grow. 
Fig. 112, in which particular care was taken to pre¬ 
