362 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
May 2 ! 
Wire Out the Grub. 
M. F., Butts villk, Mo.—I have never 
known anything to prevent the Squash- 
vine borer getting into the vine ; but if 
H. C. C. will take a small wire, bend a 
hook on one end, and insert it in the 
cavity where the borer is working, he 
can draw out the grub very easily, and 
save the vines by timely attention. 
About Evaporated Raspberries. 
N. R., Syracuse, N. Y.—A subscriber, 
on page 312 of The R. N.-Y. asks, “ How 
many quarts of black raspberries are re¬ 
quired to make one pound of dried fruit?” 
While the quantity largely depends upon 
the variety and the season, and whether 
the plants are just coming into bearing 
or otherwise, my opinion is that, includ¬ 
ing all these conditions, the average will 
be within a fraction of four quarts. My 
memoranda show that the least number 
required was 365 for 100 pounds ; the 
largest, 420. The fii'st were picked from 
an old plantation, at the end of the sea¬ 
son, and were, therefore, partially dried 
when picked. The last were the first 
picking, large and plump; variety Gregg. 
When the market is glutted, this is a 
good way to dispose of one’s surplus ; 
they evaporate very easily and quickly. 
In a very dry season, unless one mulches 
heavily, drying is about the best way to 
dispose of the last pickings. Can any 
reader of The R. N.-YU inform me where 
to procure the Davison’s Thornless ? 
Save the Song Birds. 
N. H. L., Syracuse, N. Y.—I read the 
article with the alliterative title, by E. 
P. Robinson, page 311, with mingled 
feelings of sorrow and disgust. It is 
generally conceded that our song birds 
are a practical help to farmers and fruit 
growers. If this be doubtful, let orni¬ 
thologists and entomologists reply. But 
how any one with any conception of the 
beautiful, with any sentiment in his 
heart, or a particle of poetry in his soul, 
can advise the destruction of our song¬ 
sters, I cannot understand. I would 
rather do without cherries than without 
birds. Our birds have a large place in 
our hearts, and an enduring place in 
our literature. Hear old Izaalc Walton 
say : “Lord, what music hast Thou pro¬ 
vided for the saints in heaven, when 
Thou affordest to bad men such music 
upon earth !” This music was the song 
of the lark. I would like to say that it 
is my opinion that all song birds are 
much scarcer than 20 years ago. The 
robin is most plentiful. I have seen but 
one pair of bobolinks in 10 years, and 
not more than one or two pairs of blue¬ 
birds each season. 
Crimson Clover on Puget Sound. 
A. W. T., Whatcom County, Wash.— 
1 sowed Crimson clover August 1, and it 
came up in three days, and remained 
green all winter, to the great delight of 
the chickens, when Red and White clover 
were frozen to the ground and invisible. 
I sowed some more September 1, with 
similar satisfactory results ; it came up 
iu three days. I sowed some more of the 
same seed March 4, and it remained in 
the ground for a month before starting, 
and to-day, May 2, is only in the second 
leaf. 1 agree with The R. N.-Y. that it 
is unsatisfactory to sow Crimson clover 
in the spring ; but if sown in the fall 
when the ground is warm, it starts im¬ 
mediately and endures the cold winter, 
keeping green all the time. One solitary 
plant has blossomed three weeks earlier 
than the rest of the patch, and I have 
marked it to keep the seed separate, and 
see whether I can develop an earlier 
maturing variety. My experience with 
it so far, leads me to express the opinion 
that it wiil prove a valuable acquisition 
on Puget Sound and in western Wash¬ 
ington, as a nitrogen trap, sown after 
grain and potatoes are harvested, to turn 
under in the spring or cut for hay or 
early green feed. 
Sterility of the Pear. —In last week’s 
R. N.-Y., page 326, inquiry was made by 
A. H. B. as to which of the following 
varieties of pears are self-fertile or self- 
sterile: Keiffer, Duchess, Anjou, Flem¬ 
ish Beauty, Wilder Early, Columbia, 
Louise Bonne de Jersey, Clapp’s Favor¬ 
ite. Our correspondent adds: “If I 
understand the nature of pollination, all 
varieties that are self-pollenizing are the 
ones that will be the means of fertilizing 
sterile varieties.” Replying to the last 
part of the inquiry first, we would say 
that a self-sterile variety as, for instance, 
the Bartlett and Anjou are supposed to 
be, may furnish potent pollen for other 
self-sterile trees. That is to say, pollen 
of the Bartlett which will not fecundate 
the ovules of Bartlett flowers, may prove 
potent upon other varieties. In other 
words, the pollen of the Bartlett and the 
Clairgeau or Anjou may be self-impotent, 
while the pollen of either may prove 
fertile upon the others. 
Convincing trials have not gone far 
enough to justify any ironclad rule or 
classification of self-fertile and self- 
sterile vai-ieties of pears and apples. 
Probably the degree, as we have before 
mentioned, of self-sterility or fertility 
will vary with the climate, location and 
weather. 
The best information that has appeared 
upon this important subject will be 
found in Bulletin No. 5, the work of M. 
B. Waite, Special Agent of the United 
States Department of Agricultiii-e. He 
began his investigations in 1890, continu¬ 
ing them through 1891 and 1892. His 
work was duplicated with seemingly the 
greatest care and skill several times, and 
repeated in four different places. The 
result of it all is that the following kinds 
are pronounced more or less self sterile : 
Anjou, Bartlett, Boussock, Clairgeau, 
Clapp’s Favoi’ite, Columbia, De la Chene, 
Doyennd 1 Sieulle, Easter, Gansel’s Ber- 
gamotte, Gray Doyenn6, Howell, Jones, 
Lawrence, Louise Bonne, Mount Vei-non, 
Pound, Sheldon. Souvenir du Congres, 
Supei-fin, Wilder, Winter Nelis. 
The self-fertile kinds are : Angouleme, 
Bose, Bi’ockworth, Buffuxn, Diel, Doy¬ 
enne d’Alencon, Flemish Beauty, Heath- 
cote, Iveilfer, Le Conte, Manning’s Eliza¬ 
beth, Seckel, Tyson, White Doyenne. 
These pollination tests were carried 
on—if we may judge from the plain, con¬ 
cise bulletin—with the most scrupulous 
care to accui-acy in every detail, by the 
aid of different kinds of bags. They 
were of three sorts, mosquito netting, 
cheese cloth, and paper. The mosquito- 
net bags were selected because they 
would exclude all but the most minute 
insects, and at the same time necessitate 
but little change from normal conditions. 
The wind could readily blow through 
the meshes of the net, which were about 
10 to the inch, and if the pears were 
adapted for the purpose, pollen could 
doubtless be blown by the wind on the 
stigmas. Paper bags were used because 
they,afforded the most perfect exclusion 
of pollen and insects, while cheese-cloth 
bags were regarded as a mean between 
the other two. In two instances, the 
three kinds of bags were placed on the 
same tree for comparison. The bags, 
which were from 10 to 18 inches long, 
were of sufficient size to inclose a 
large fruit spur, or a bi’anch with from 
two to six or eight small spurs on it, so 
that each bag contained from two to ten 
or more clusters. The bags after being 
drawn carefully over the buds, were 
gathered closely to the branch and firmly 
wired. 
Let us give a few illusti-ations: Thirty- 
seven clusters in one series of tests of 
Bartlett flowers were covered with paper 
bags. Eight fruits formed. Thirty clus¬ 
ters left uncovered produced 77 fruits. 
Eleven clusters (44 flowers) of the Bart¬ 
lett were pollinated with Angouleme, 
which produced 29 fruits, or 32 per cent 
more than the uncovered, and 63 per 
cent more than the covered. Thirty- 
nine clusters of Clairgeau were covered 
with paper bags. Not a fruit formed ; 
34 clusters uncovered gave 23 fruits. 
Bartlett pollen was found to be almost, 
but not entirelv, sterile in producing 
fruits on stigmas of its own variety, but 
was perfectly potent when applied to 
other kinds. It was found that other 
varieties, such as Clairgeau and Law¬ 
rence, were even more completely sterile 
to their own pollen than was the Bart¬ 
lett. An interesting outcome of these 
experiments seems to be that self-fecund¬ 
ated pears are deficient in seeds, while 
the crosses are well supplied with sound 
seeds. 
While it would not be judicious to ac¬ 
cept the results of these investigations as 
applicable alike to all places, it would, 
nevertheless, seem that if we would be 
on the safe side, it would be well to 
plant mixed orchards. Mr. Waite re¬ 
marks that “Where large blocks of ti-ees 
of one variety which blossomed well, 
have failed to fruit for a series of years 
without any apparent reason, it is ex¬ 
ceedingly probable that the failure is 
due to lack of cross-pollination. The 
remedy is to graft in other vai-ieties and 
supply foreign pollen.”. 
On May 1, our Prickly Comfx-ey plants 
were 10 inches high and more luxuriant 
than any other herbaceous plant what- 
(Continued on next page.) 
GHAMPION OHP 
CIDER, and FRUIT JELLIES. Has 
acorrjjated pan over firebox, doubling 
boiling capacity; small interchange¬ 
able syrup pans (connected by 
siphons), easily handled 
for cleansing and 
storing; and a per¬ 
fect aiitoiniitic 
regulator. The 
Champion is as 
great an improve- _ __ 
ment over the Catalogue 
Cook pan as the \!mr Free, 
latter was over the 
old i.on kettle hung on a fence 
THE G. H. GRIMM MFG. CO., 
HUDSON, Ohio, &, MONTREAL, Quebec. 
MACHINERY 
Hydrauiio, Knuckle Joint and Screw 
Presses, Grater*. Elevators, Pumps, 
etc seDd for Catalogue 
BOOMER lb BOSCHERf 
PRESS CO., -Tw-, 
IIS W. Water St.. SYRACUSE. N 
CIDER PRESS 
The only press awarded medal 
and diploma at World’s Fair. 
HYDRAULIC 
Send for free catalogue 
and full particulars. 
HYDRAULIC PRESS 
MFG. CO. No.4 Main St. 
Mt. Gilead, Ohio. 
GANHING 
and FarnXiam N 
MACHINERY and SUPPLIES. 
D. G. TRENCH CO., Chicago, Ill. 
. Y. Mention this paper. 
T hree crimson ramblers. 
The greatest Rose novelty offered in years. 
By mail postpaid. Plant now. 
ELLWASGEK k BARKY, Mt. Hope Nursenes, Rochester, N. Y. 
Crimson Clover c ^ OF 
Place orders NOW for choice pedigree seed of my 
own growing. Guaranteed free from weeds. Ready 
July 1. Market price. Catalogue free. 
E. G. PACKARD, Seed Grower, Dover, Del. 
gjHitfCfUanroujS gUmtitfittfl. 
In writing to advertisers, please always mention 
The Rural New-Yorker. 
PBIUCnil PI nIf CD-The largest handler 
UnlmdUll ULUVCflot American- 
grown Crimson Clover Seed in the United States, 
Is JOSEPH E. HOLLAND, Grower and Jobber, Mil¬ 
ford, Del. Write for prices. 
In Your Blood 
Is the cause of that tired languid feeling 
which afflicts you in the spring. The 
blood is ixnpui-e and has become thin and 
poor. That is why you have no strength, 
no appetite, cannot sleep. Purify your 
blood with Hood’s Sarpaparilla, the only 
true blood purifier prominently before 
the public eye to-day. Hood’s Sarsa¬ 
parilla will give you strength. 
Hood’s Sarsaparilla 
Is the one True Blood Purifier 
Prominently in the Public to-day. 
HrxnH’c Pi lie cure all liver ilia, bilious 
,IUUU 3 r-IIIS ness, headache. 25c. 
‘Bright alike outside and| 
"'inside.” Mailed Free on applica- 
i tlon. With each copy we will send 
(flat) a beautiful painting of New 
Sweet Peas until the 600,000 have all 
been called for. Send a postal to-day. 
VV. Atlee Burpee <fc Co., Philado. 
TOMATO PLANTS. 
A few thousand surplus plants of Livingston's 
Beauty and Dwarf Champion, at a low figure, all 
transplanted. We are now booking orders for Winter 
Onion Sets, for fall delivery, at extremely low prices. 
M. GARRAHAN, Kingston, Pa. 
3 GREATEST THINGS IN AGRICULTURE. 
Crimson Clover, Cow Peas and Winter 
Oats. Send for new descriptive catalogue 
before purchasing seed. A. N. BROWN, Grower 
ami Dealer, Wyoming, Kent County, Del. 
C A Afl We have about 20 barrels 
vwvll I 0T3I0CS of choice Dutton's Seed¬ 
ling Seed Potatoes, grown on our clean State. Sullivan 
County, potato ridge land, that we offer for $3 per 
barrel, f. o. b., cash with order. They have been win¬ 
tered in blind pits, and are in best possible shape and 
vigor for seed. They are our heaviest yielder. We 
also have a few barrels of Rural New-Yorker No. 2 at 
same price. Address GROTTO FARM. Mongaup 
Valley. N. Y., or order may be sent to The Rural 
New-Yorker, New York 
CRIMSON CLOVER. 
Hardy, American-grown Seed. 25 cents per pound, 
postpaid; $5 per bushel, f. o. b. cars. 
PURE LEAMING CORN, $L per bushel; EARLY 
MASTODON, $1.25 per bushel; TURNIP SEED 
BUCKWHEAT, SEED WHEAT, and all kinds of 
FARM AND GARDEN SEEDS at growers’ prices 
Write for Special AVliolesale Prices on what 
you wish to order. FRANK H. BATTLES, 
Seed Grower, Rochester, N. Y. 
First Lessons in Agriculture. 
By F. A. Gully, M. S. This book discusses the 
more important principles which underlie agri¬ 
culture in a plain, simple way. It is just what 
the practical farmer, without a knowledge of 
chemistry or botany needs. Cloth, $1. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, New YORK. 
Ullllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllt 
We have a Fine Stock of all kinds of Trees and Plants. 
I PEACH, PEAR, and PLUM TREES ( 
AT LOWEST PRICES FOR BEST STOCK. 
Send for Beautifully Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue. 
I JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO., HIGHTSTOWN, NEW JERSEY. I 
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Crimson Clover 
The best pasture crop you conld possibly sow. 
Best for the cattle—Best for the soil. But you 
must have the best seed. This is one of the special, 
ties for which we are famous. Get prices at once. 
ARTHUR J. COLLI NS, Moorestown, N. J. 
DWARF ESSEX."t 
us from the same grower in Essex County, England, 
whose seed has given our customers such satisfaction 
in the past. $9 per 100 pounds., f. o. b. Minneapolis, 
sacks FREE. With every order amounting to $5 or 
over, we will send, FREE, Prof. Shaw’s book on Forage Plants, written for us, giving full particulars 
regarding Rape culture. NORTHRUP, BRASLAN, GOODWIN COMPANY, 
Seed Growers, 24, 26, 28 and 30 Hennepin Avenue, Minneapolis, Miun, 
