1895 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
397 
THE PROSPECT. 
On our first page will be found pictures of a simple 
little device for mixing liquid manures with water. 
It was devised by L. F. Kinney, horticulturist of the 
Rhode Island Experiment Station, Kingston, R. I. 
The cuts are taken from the excellent Station report. 
This “ Kinney pump” is a simple brass casting with 
an opening at each end and at the side. A hose may 
be attached at either end, and another short one fas¬ 
tened to the side opening, with the end placed in the 
liquid to be mixed. As water is forced through the 
casting, a partial vacuum is formed, and the liquid 
manure rushes through the side hose, and is thus 
mixed with the water as it passes along. The lower 
picture shows the “ pump” in operation. The strength 
of this mixture can be regulated by placing a dia¬ 
phragm in the side opening. This gives good results 
in greenhouse or garden culture, and is a handy way 
of applying liquid manure or a solution of nitrate of 
soda—or, probably, the Bordeaux Mixture. Where 
the water supply comes from a faucet, the mixing is 
easily done. 
G 
And now another trust is reported from out West. 
Like its predecessors, it was organized for the public 
good—to effect economies in production, thus improv¬ 
ing the quality of its goods, and cheapening them to 
consumers. This latest addition to the pestilential 
brood, is said to be made up of nine-tenths of all the 
sash, door and blind mills in this country. It has 
started out to accomplish its avowed purpose by cur¬ 
tailing production 20 per cent ; this is accomplished 
by discharging enough men, and shutting down enough 
machinery thus to reduce the output. To insure 
compliance, each member of the combine deposited 
$2,000 to be forfeited in case he was detected in manu¬ 
facturing more than 80 per cent of the capacity of his 
mill, or in selling it for less than the price agreed 
upon by the trust, which latter has already been 
advanced 10 per cent. Probably some persons will be 
so short-sighted as to decry this latest philanthropic 
combination, which only shows that some people are 
not yet educated up to the point of appreciating the 
self-sacrificing efforts of public spirited manufacturers. 
0 
ELECTRIC and cable roads, and more especially the 
Bicycle, are playing the mischief, not only with horse 
breeders and the horse markets, but with most other 
industries. Most of these, however, are taking steps 
to overcome the competition and loss of trade conse¬ 
quent upon the changed conditions. Some livery- 
stable keepers, finding that the demand for horses 
and carriages was rapidly declining, have stocked up 
with bicycles for rent. One cable road that extended 
out into the suburbs, four d that the receipts had fallen 
off so largely on account of the bicycle riders who 
formerly took the cars for their outings, that a deficit 
was likely to result, and added a trailer to some of 
their cars on which they carry free the bicycles of 
their patrons. Horseshoers complain of a serious 
falling off in their trade, and many of them are 
forced to seek othef occupations, or add some other 
branch of work to that of horseshoeing. The trade 
in harnesses, wagons and other vehicles has fallen off, 
and the wear and tear on shoes is largelv reduced. If 
the livery-stable keeper rents bicycles instead of 
horses, he’ll not need to buy so much of the farmer’s 
hay and oats. Meanwhile, the extension of the trolley 
and cable systems of propelling street cars goes 
merrily on, and the bicycle trade is booming as never 
before. A good many farmers are using them, too. 
G 
In a circular sent out by the United States Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture, the following advice is given : 
Use Paris-green at the rate of one pound to 150 gallons of 
water. Weigh out sufficient poison for the capacity of the tank 
used, and make it into a thin paint with a small quantity of water, 
arid add powdered or quicklime equal to the weight of poison used, 
mixing thoroughly. The lime takes up the free arsenic and removes 
the danger of scalding. 
We have been asked if this addition of lime is neces¬ 
sary, and why. Almost all of the brands of Paris- 
green now on the market contain some free arsenic, 
that is, a form of arsenic which dissolves in the water 
in which the powder is mixed. Most of the arsenic 
in Paris-green is in the form of an arsenite of copper, 
which is insoluble in water. The arsenic which does 
go into solution has caustic properties, and will burn 
the foliage. .Nearly 50 per cent of the arsenite of lime 
in London-purple is soluble in water, hence it often 
severely injures tender foliage when applied alone. 
It was discovered five or six years ago that the addi¬ 
tion cf lime to a solution of arsenic rendered it com¬ 
paratively harmless to foliage. The explanation now 
given is that the lime and dissolved arsenic combine 
to form a chemical compound that is insoluble in 
water, hence will not burn the foliage. It has been 
shown that about one-fourth of a pound of lime is a 
sufficient amount to combine with the soluble arsenic 
in one pound of Paris-green. But as the lime used in 
spraying varies in purity, it is usually recommended 
to add at least one pound of freshly-slaked lime to 
every pound of the Paris-green used ; we advise the 
addition of two or three pounds to every pound of 
London-purple. At the present time, however, these 
arsenites are not often applied alone, but are usually 
combined with Bordeaux Mixture; this fungicide, 
when properly made, will contain a sufficient excess 
of lime to overcome any caustic properties there may 
be in the Paris-green or London-purple. In short, 
lime is a valuable and necessary addition to the 
arsenites to prevent their caustic action on the foliage. 
Bordeaux Mixture contains the necessary lime, and 
thus makes a safe and practicable combination with 
the arsenites. 
0 
A person living in Massachusetts recently made this 
complaint: “ A friend left me $200, but all I got of it 
was $100, as a five-per-cent inheritance tax was taken 
out of it. That’s very hard.” 
Now, why was that hard ? The following little dia¬ 
logue took place : 
“ Did you earn that money ? ” 
“No, of course not.” 
“ Did your friend earn it ? ” 
“ No, it was left by her husband.” 
“ How was she able to keep it so long and enjoy its 
income ? Why was it not stolen ? Why didn’t some 
big man come along and take it away from her? 
When she invested it, why didn’t those to whom she 
lent it, refuse to give it up ? ” 
“ Why, it was her own ! The law protected her /” 
“ What is law but a general agreement among all 
members of society to abide by certain rules of con¬ 
duct ? A person’s property is protected only because 
all agree peacefully to recognize his rights to it. If 
society or the public protected that woman’s property 
and saved her the expense of having a squad of soldiers 
to do it for her, why is it not right, at her death, for 
society to be paid five per cent for its work ? ” 
“That may be right, but why did they take my 
money ? ” 
It seems to us that is a fair sample of the arguments 
against succession or inheritance taxes. Human nature 
is selfish. Most people who receive legacies, forget to 
be thankful in their disappointment at not receiving 
more. We think some plan of taxing such inheritances, 
will be found the wisest and fairest means of raising 
certain public revenues, as well as the most effective 
safeguard against the concentration of wealth that 
now threatens the country. 
G 
It is a pet belief with many Americans that “we 
are the people.” Yet many recent events may well 
raise the question whether this is so or not. The 
methods by means of which the great corporations, 
trusts and monopolies strive to influence legislation 
in their favor, are well known. The means by which 
they choke off competition and destroy their competi¬ 
tors, as well as fix both buying and selling prices, are 
matters of common report. They apparently stop at 
nothing to compass their ends, and do not hesitate to 
crush and ruin any one who stands in their way. 
Sometimes they become too grasping, and the organi¬ 
zation they have built up falls to pieces by its own 
weight. A recent instance is the Whisky Trust. 
The late extraordinary rise in the price of meats, is 
without doubt, the result of a combination which 
apparently has meat eaters by their throats. Another 
great combination which affects nearly every person 
in the country, is the Sugar Trust. The price of 
sugar does not seem high, yet the profits of the 
American Sugar Refining Co., commonly known as the 
Sugar Trust, are enormous, as shown by its report 
recently filed with the Massachusetts Secretary of 
State. It has been said that it recently issued an 
order, or “ request,” to sugar brokers to stop hand¬ 
ling foreign sugar. This is denied by the trust offi¬ 
cials, but brokers say that the trust has certain ways 
of communicating its wishes to dealers, and that to 
save themselves trouble, the dealers comply. Refusal 
or neglect to do so, would mean ruin by the powerful 
combination. This is the way that it kills off its 
rivals. Foreign sugar is now delivered here at prices 
a very little lower than those asked by the Trust ; but 
any advance in the latter would mean greatly increased 
importations, unless some such measures are adopted 
to check them. The great excuse for the first organi¬ 
zation of these combinations is that by cooperating 
they are enabled to cheapen production, and thus 
benefit the consumer. But it almost invariably hap¬ 
pens that after buying off all purchasable competitors, 
crushing all who will not yield, and thus securing a 
free field, they forget all about their philanthropic 
motives, and proceed to bleed the public all it will 
stand. These leeches do not hesitate to purchase 
voters, bribe legislators, and corrupt the courts of 
justice. An official of the Sugar Trust not long since 
admitted under oath that they had contributed to the 
campaign funds of the different parties in different 
States where it would do them the most good, irre¬ 
spective of party. Isn’t the question as to the source 
of the real power in this country at the present time 
a pertinent one ? 
O 
□ In Texas, the irrigation fever is at full height. The 
favorite plan iu that State seems to be to build a poml 
or dam on some high point of the farm, and pump 
the water into it--to be distributed later by means of 
ditches. Most of these reservoirs are filled from 
streams or low lakes. With a steam or gas engine, 
this water is readily pumped to a point that gives the 
necessary fall over the level land of the farm. This 
seems to work better than the scheme of pumping 
through a hose directly upon the land. This plan of 
thoroughly watering a few level acres of the farm, is 
one thing you must look forward to if you expect to 
keep up with the procession. 
Q 
It is an old story now to tell how systematic dairy¬ 
ing has redeemed farming communities that were 
well nigh ruined by years of exclusive wheat produc¬ 
tion. We doubt whether it has ever been more 
effectively told than by Hon. John Lushsinger before 
the Minnesota Dairymen’s Association as follows : 
I reside in a county in Wisconsin where, 25 years ago, farmers 
were running a race each season with the chinch buys, to deter¬ 
mine which could first harvest the crop of spring wheat. It had 
been as good a wheat country as yours was, and perhaps yet is, 
and wheat had been for many years the main staple crop. But 
all this changed; the bugs, assisted by dry seasons and impover¬ 
ished soil, regularly and completely captured the crop. Not even 
content with that, they overflowed with their crawling swarms, 
the adjoining fields of other crops, and stopped only when ruin 
was complete. Disastrous consequences followed ; the young, the 
enterprising and hardy, moved in ceaseless trains westward to 
the virgin prairies of your State and the Dakotas, to begin anew. 
Our newspapers were filled with notices of sheriffs’ sales, fore¬ 
closures, and tax sales. Once in debt, the wheat farmer’s struggles 
to extricate himself, seemed only to cause him to become more 
deeply mired. Then when the outlook was darkest, our people—a 
few at first—betook themselves to dairying. Their partial success 
caused others to follow rapidly; we became dairymen ; became 
so because forced by chinch bugs, which we then considered a 
curse sent by the Almighty to punish the wholesale robbery of 
the soil, termed “wheat farming;” but now. in the light of events 
following, we have reason to consider a blessed means to lead us 
to better farming. Green County, Wis., is to-day one of the 
greatest dairy counties in the Northwest, if not in the United 
States; 240 cheese factories exist in that county, and nearly half 
as many more in the counties adjoining, mostly controlled by 
Green County men. Over 20,000,000 pounds of cheese are made 
annually, bringing a gross income of about $2,000,000, and not one 
pound of this great amount is Cheddar, or so-called American 
cheese. It is what is termed fancy cheese, mainly of the three 
most popular varieties: Swiss, limburger and brick cheese. 
Wo much for Queen Cow ! Do you wonder that 
thoughtful men desire to stop the fraudulent sale of 
“ oleo,” when such results as this can be rightly 
credited to the spread of legitimate dairying ? 
0 
BUSINESS BITS. 
Thebe is a good job for two good men through haying and har¬ 
vest with a New Jersey farmer who advertises this week iu care 
of The R. N.-Y. 
Arthur J. Collins, Moorestown, N. J., makes a specialty of 
Crimson clover, and is already preparing for the large demand 
that is sure to follow this season. Send for his catalogue. 
Complete files of The R. N.-Y., from 1878 to 1894 are wanted. 
State years you can furnish and name price. Files with missing 
numbers not wanted. Address Prof. J., care of The Rural New- 
Yorker. 
Arabian Hoof Paste is recommended for caked udders, sore 
teats in cows, and cracked hoofs, scratches, galls, and other 
sores on horses. Scott’s Hoof Paste Company, Rochester, N. Y., 
are the manufacturers. 
Felt makes a cheap and substantial roofing for outbuildings. 
It is, of course, soft and pliable when first put on, but hardens 
and makes a perfectly tight roof. It would make an excellent 
roof for tobacco sheds. A. F. Swan, 38 Dey Street, New York, 
will send samples, prices, etc. 
Analysis of Bowker’s animal meal by the Connecticut Station, 
shows 11J4 per cent of pure fat and 41% per cent of muscle- 
makers. It was the strongest in muscle-makers of any food 
analyzed. Mr. Bowker originated this plan of preparing a fine 
meat food for poultry. It is a great help iu forming a “balanced 
ration.” 
Those who want superior Shropshire or Dorset ram lambs or 
young A. J. C. C. bull calves, will be fortunate if they take advan¬ 
tage of the bargains offered by Mrs. H. E. Tremain, Hill View 
Farm, Lake George, N. Y. This is the summer home of General 
and Mrs. Tremain, and we are credibly informed that their stock 
comprises the very best strains. 
When we wrote about Mr. M. Garrahan’s farm under “Farming 
Among Coal Mines,” we stated that he has a sprayer that will 
cover 30 acres a day ! This seemed like a big story to some read¬ 
ers, but it’s true. It is the Peppier six-row sprayer made by 
Thomas Peppier, of Ilightstown, N. J. By walking about 13 
miles, a team will spray the 30 acres. It’s the best large sprayer 
on the market. 
In a recent article on “Evaporated Hay,” you noticed that the 
writer used the McCormick mower. There was a man after the 
very best machinery he could find, for he knew the importance of 
first-class haying tools. When you come to harvesting the grain 
you will find the need of good tools no less imperative. The 
McCormick reapers and binders are standard machines. When 
an agent can say, “It’s as good as the McCormick,” he thinks 
that he has said, “It’s the best in the world ;” and so he has, 
though he doesn’t always make a statement that will be backed 
up by field operations. We advise our readers to write the McCor¬ 
mick Harvesting Machine Co., Chicago, Ill., for full particulars. 
We have seen thrashing machines that went about their job as 
though they expected to be thrashed in the coming effort to thrash 
the grain. Not so the Fearless machine. Why is it fearless ? 
Because it knows that every bit of metal, wood, leather and can¬ 
vas in it, is of the best material, and put together in a workman¬ 
like way. Mr. Minard Harder, Cobleskill, N. Y., who makes this 
machine, makes it also a principle of his life never to turn out 
inferior goods. When the grain strikes against this principle in 
the Fearless machine, it gives right up and takes its thrashing 
peacefully. Write for Mr. Harder’s big catalogue. He has a 
simple machine that will increase the coinage value of your dogs’ 
labor by 500 per cent. 
