1895 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
435 
PRIMER SCIENCE. 
(CONTINUED.) 
a few hours since, it was noticed that 
the rows of wheat which had received 
cultivation, were extremely dark-col¬ 
ored and very luxuriant, while the plots 
which had been drilled in the ordinary 
way, and of course had no culture be¬ 
tween the rows, were very light colored, 
the plants were smaller, and in every 
way gave indication that they were not 
getting sufficient nitrogen. In the plots 
first referred to, where the rows were 
planted at wide intervals and three or 
four cultivations had taken place already 
this year, the plants gave unmistakable 
evidence that they were getting rather 
too much than too little nitrogen ; yet 
this wheat was sown on only moderately 
fertile land, without any application of 
manures or fertilizers. The experiment 
to which I refer is well worth going 
many miles to see, if one wishes to learn 
the lesson of securing available plant 
food through frequent culture. 
Finally, it may be said that better cul¬ 
ture, and a more liberal use of nitrogen, 
and possibly, lime will be likely to cor¬ 
rect the difficulty. I. i\ kobkrts. 
Cornell Experiment Station. 
Some Facts About Lime. 
I am led to believe that the soil in 
question is probably very deficient in 
potash, probably to some extent in nitro¬ 
gen, and perhaps also in phosphoric acid; 
though I judge that probably phosphoric 
acid was less deficient than potash or 
nitrogen. My reasons for drawing these 
conclusions are as follows: The writer 
states that the effect of the nitrate of 
soda was quite mark«d the second sea¬ 
son, which I conclude may have been 
due to the action of the soda in liberat¬ 
ing or supplementing potash, and per¬ 
haps in a slight degree to nitrogen 
which had not been wholly leached away 
during the winter. Soot contains, among 
other things, nitrogen ; and since it ex¬ 
erted a beneficial effect, there is some 
indirect evidence that nitrogen is defi¬ 
cient. The fact that the dissolved bone, 
when used alone, gave unsatisfactory re¬ 
sults, is not indicative in the least that 
the soil contains sufficient phosphoric 
acid—for if potash were extremely defi¬ 
cient, no amount of phosphoric acid 
could be expected to increase the yield ; 
but had an abundance of potash been 
supplied, then an amount of phosphoric 
acid in excess of that pre-existing in the 
soil, might have been productive of good 
results. The same line of reasoning 
would also apply in case nitrogen were 
extremely deficient. The amount of 
dissolved bone was small, and what 
phosphoric acid was not used by the first 
crop, probably passed into an insoluble 
form, so that little effect could have been 
expected from it the second season. C. 
should remember that superphosphate, 
like nitrate of soda, should be measured 
to fit the needs of the immediate crop, 
and not like simple untreated bone, be 
depended upon for successive ones. 
I conclude that, for the successful pro¬ 
duction of crops in general, the soil may 
need an application of all three ele¬ 
ments, namely : phosphoric acid, potash 
and nitrogen, though probably more of 
the latter two than of the former. It is 
possible that this soil is extremely defi¬ 
cient in potash, and that the lime which 
he applied was beneficial in the same 
way as suggested for soda, namely : in 
setting potash free, yet the evidence is 
such as to make it more probable that 
the lime was of direct benefit, perhaps 
as much on account of its correcting 
unfavorable physical and chemical soil 
conditions, as to any direct action as a 
fertilizer. 
To me, the statement in regard to the 
sorrel is suggestive, for such is the condi¬ 
tion of a considerable area in Rhode 
Island ; and this is especially true of the 
soils derived from granite (containing 
potash and feldspar) which are naturally 
deficient in lime. When the Experiment 
Station was established at Kingston, we 
were told that clover could not be grown 
in this vicinity, owing to the fact that 
it ‘ winterkilled in repeated attempts 
to grow it, we had the same experience 
as the correspondent, namely : we se¬ 
cured a good stand of clover in the early 
autumn, though the next spring but 
little was visible. Careful observations 
of this clover from the time of its germi¬ 
nation to the close of the season, re¬ 
vealed the fact that it gradually died 
after having put out its second leaves, 
and the most of it had disappeared be¬ 
fore the advent of winter. I presume 
that such was almost generally the case, 
but that, owing to the lack of careful 
observation, this fact escaped the farm¬ 
ers, and the theory of winterkilling 
naturally suggested itself and thus be¬ 
came firmly established. We have found, 
however, that by the use of air-slaked 
lime (in connection with the other essen¬ 
tial elements) at the rate of from two to 
four tons per acre, the young clover plants 
make a vigorous growth throughout the 
season, and do not in general winter- 
kill, and the crop the succeeding year is 
an excellent one. In fact, we have at 
the present time two fields on the station 
farm, upon one side of each of which lime 
was applied some three or four years ago. 
On the limed portion, the growth of 
clover is fine, and but little sorrel is vis¬ 
ible, while on the unlimed portion, the 
land is almost wholly covered with sor¬ 
rel, and only here and there is any clover 
to be seen. In other experiments, we 
have also found sorrel to flourish on ex¬ 
tremely sour soil, and under conditions 
which kill beets, spinach, lettuce and 
many other plants. I presume that the 
land which your correspondent mentions 
would be benefited by an adequate appli¬ 
cation of air-slaked lime or wood ashes, 
provided he desire to grow upon it 
clover, beets, Swedish turnips, barley, 
wheat, muskmelons, cauliflower, spin¬ 
ach, lettuce, or many other plants, in¬ 
cluding, perhaps, some grasses ; while if 
he desire to grow rye, Indian corn, car¬ 
rots and a few other crops, little or no 
benefit would be derived, and if large 
applications were made, it might result 
in injury. 
The sixth Annual Report of the Rhode 
Island Station shows in a very marked 
degree, the individual differences of «er- 
tain plants in the above mentioned re¬ 
spect. In the seventh Annual Report, 
which is now in press, still further re¬ 
sults in the same line are to be published. 
In conclusion, then, I would say that if 
he has not determined previously by 
soil tests, with fertilizer constituents, 
just what his soil lacks, he should use 
nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid ; 
though probably more of the two for¬ 
mer, and use lime in connection with 
those crops which in our experiments 
have been shown to be benefited by it. 
lie should refrain from its application 
upon potato land, so as to avoid danger 
from its increasing the potato scab, and 
also in any considerable quantity in con¬ 
nection with certain other plants which 
have been shown to be injured by large 
applications. h. j. wheeler. 
Rhode Island Experiment Station. 
Barren Cows.—We have fed rye for 
five years in all stages of growth in 
spring, fall and winter, to a herd of 20 
cows without injurious results. In some 
seasons, there might be enough ergot in 
rye to prevent pregnancy, but the dan¬ 
ger is too remote to counterbalance the 
good points of rye feeding at certain 
seasons. Perhaps medicine would help 
II. J. C.’s cows, page 418. E. c. B. 
Southport, Conn. 
Markets for Poultry. —People often 
wonder whether the poultry business 
will not be “overdone.” Who is to buy 
and use all the eggs, chickens and vari¬ 
ous fixings ? they ask. A. I. Root in his 
Gleanings, tells this story of a colored 
church in Florida, and how its members 
patronized Mr. B., a hen man : 
This colored church got in debt. In fact, a 
mortgage hung over it. To raise the mortgage, 
they commenced kaving “chicken festivals.” The 
church people would go to a chicken festival, but 
they ■ wouldn't put their hands into their pockets 
to lift the mortgage, and so they kept buying 
chickens of friend B. injorder that thej-mortgage 
might be raised. Do you know how it turned out? 
They did not get the mortgage raised, but they 
did eat up the chickens, and had them, the chick¬ 
ens, to pay for besides the mortgage. .Tust now 
it occurs to me that I have beard of white people 
managing church debts something after that 
same fashion. 
There will always be people enough to 
eat chickens and eggs. 
Guernsey Bulls 
FOR SAUK. Best Butter Strains. 
ELLERSLIE STOCK FARM, 
RHINECLIFF, N. Y. 
On Toe op Youk Dinner, one of Du. D. Jayne's 
Small, Sugar-Coated Sanative Pills (non-nau¬ 
seating and painless), will assist digestion, stimulate 
the Liver and regulate the bowels. Always safe. —Adv 
Every Horseman Should Try 
“Tuttle’s Elixir,” 
The greatest horse 
remedy in the 
world. Not simply 
guaranteed to cure 
In the advertise- 
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by a standing olTer 
of #100 Reward 
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If It won't cure 
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Colic, Curbs. 
Splints,Contracted 
and KnottedCords, 
Shoe Boils, when 
tlrst started, and 
Callous of all 
kinds, you will re¬ 
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indorsed by Adams 
Express Company. 
Sample free for 
three two-cent 
stamps to pay 
postage. 
rD r. S. A. Tuttle—D ear Sir: This is to certify that 
I have used “Tuttle’s Elixir," and cured a spavin on 
a mare that had been lame more than a year, and for 
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J. II. Shaw. No. Weymouth and Boston Express. 
Address Dr. S. A. TUTTLE, 27 Beverley St, 
BOSTON, MASS. 
Feeders of Stock 
Kindly Stop a Minute. 
We wish to remind you of the 
importance of using liberally 
OUR LINSEED OIL MEAL. 
The grass season is now at hand, and the experience 
of watchful stock feeders proves that the use of our 
meal is beneficial each and every month of the year. 
Writers In the trade journals often say this. Address 
DETROIT LINSEED OIL WORKS, 
DETROIT, MICH 
JERSEYS. 
Sons and Daughters of 
one of the best sons of 
Ida’s Stoke Pogis 
at reasonable prices. 
liOBT. F. SHANNON, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
A I P P Palvoe of bcst butter blood; also 
« Ji O' 0. OulVCo a young bull, with little 
white, very cheap. Bulls sold from our herd have 
sired cows testing up to 27 pounds 12 ounces of butter 
in seven days. E. L. CLARKSON. Tivoli, N. Y. 
Refer by permission to The Ruhal New-Youker, 
A.J.C.C. Jersey Cattle and Chester White Hogs. 
Ten Cows. 15 Bulls, 20 Heifers. St. Lambert and Stoke 
Pogis blood. Chester Whites, headed by Ilappv Me¬ 
dium. Finest held in Pennsylvania. Choice stock 
for sale. Write C. E. MORRISON, Londonderry, Pa. 
Cfll C— Kxc elsior bred GUERNSEY Bulls. 
■ UH wH&ib sired by a son of Lord Stranford. 
Prices according to age and breeding. 
L. L. MORRELL, Kinderhook, N. Y. 
WANTED-Orders before July 1, for 25 good 
iireedinG pigs, 10 to 12 weeks old; either sex and not 
akin, at $11 each. $21 a pair, and $20 a trio, recorded, 
transferred and crated. These are from the choice 
strains of the 
Willswood Herd 
Recorded Berkshire Swine. 
WILLS A. SEWARD, Rudd’s Lake. N. J. 
CHESHIRES! ,h '-S„ F “ R " 
Is the Banner Herd of the world. Awarded 
more than three times as many First Premi¬ 
ums (at the World s Fair, Chicago) as ail the 
reft of the Cheshire exhibitors put together; 
17 First Premiums and Special Mention. 
Lion’s share of First Premiums and Gold 
Medal at N. Y. State Fair, 1894. Why not 
buy the best) Prices low. Correspondence 
solicited. 
B. J. HURLBUT, Clymer, N. Y. 
CHESHIRE CHOICE STOCK. 
“ * U “ ^ I ■ ■ ■ ■ ■■ w Illustrated Catalogue.* 
ED. S. HILL, Peruvllle, Tompkins County, N. Y. 
CHESTER WHITES c r ».*r.: y S,;K 
with broad dished face, straight backs and growthy, 
try (I. R. FOULKE. Bala Farm, West Chester, Pa. 
You won’t be disappointed. He is the onlv breeder 
guaranteeing satisfaction or freight paid both ways. 
Horse Owners!,Try 
GOMBAULT’S 
austic 
Balsam 
A Safe Speedy and Positive Cart 
The Safest, Beat BLISTER ever used. Takes 
the place of all liniments for mild or severe action. 
Removes all Bunches or Blemishes from Homes 
and Cattle. SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY 
OR FIRIfyC. Impossible to produce scar or blemish. 
Every bottle sold is warranted to give satisfaction 
Price $ 1.50 per bottle. Sold by druggists, zv 
sent by express, charges paid, with full directions 
for Its use. "'Send for descriptive circulars. 
TnB LAWRENCE-WILLf AMS CO., Cleveland O. 
Reg. Poland-Chinas 
and BERKSHIKES. Choice 
large stralns.H-week pigs not 
akin. Poland-Chlna Hoars 
all ages. Hard time prices. 
HAMILTON 3 b ( O., Cochninrtlle, I*u. 
Great Bargains in 
Poland-China Pigs. 
SEND FOR PRICE. ° 
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Chittenango, N. Y. 
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. 
Send for Catalogue Of POULTRY and SUPPLIES 
BROOKS1DE POULTRY FARM. Columbus. N. J. 
BARREN COWS CURED 
The following is from HON. WAYNE MacVEAGH, 
Ambassador to Italy: 
Brookfield Farm, Bryn Mawr, Pa. 
“You can quote from this note my assurance that 
your medicines always gave me the greatest satis- 
22£»MOORE BROS., Alban), N.Y, 
NO FLIES, VERMIN or SORES on HORSE 
or COW more milk.) , 
ISHOO-FLYl-l 
The ORIGINAL STOCK PROTECTOR 1885. 
Thousands of testimonials from thirty-seven States. 
BEWARE of followers! 1 Some a gr€:asy paste, 
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animal. If your dealer offers a substitute, send 50 cts. 
and our agent in your State will express one quart. 
$1.50 per gallon—lc. per day. Agent, S9() mouth. 
SIIOO-FLY iUFG. CO., PHILADELPHIA. 
Death on Cattle Fly 
AND RHKRP TICKS. The best Compound to keep 
the Flies oft. FLUID OK 
PASTE FORM. Sample by- 
mail. 25c. Write for circular, 
orice list and reference. 
C. E. MILLS OIL CO., 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
iwSrsFUMAalSSSr 
For killingWoodchucks, Prairie Dogs,Gophers 
and Rats, Insects in Grain, Seeds, etc. Shipped 
In 50-pound cans by the manufacturer. 
EDWARD It. TAYLOR, Cleveland,Ohio. 
Eggs that Hatch. 
Cayuga Black Duck, $1.25 per 13 ; fine Black Lang- 
shan, $1 per 13; Brown Leghorn, $1 per 13: Mammoth 
Bronze Turkeys $3 per 13—all from choice stock 
Order early. O H WHITE & SON. 
Miller Corners. N. Y. 
MANN’S BONE CUTTER A 
Ary It before you puy for lL 
Nothing on earth will 
MAKE HENS LAY 
Like Green Cut Bone. Ill. catlg. free if you name 
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Yff t\ t 
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/1 w 
leg and keeps it out of 
/fl n\ If v ' 
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face All dealers sell it. 
30c. Single; Four$l. 
jPk gk V S 
Sent by mail free 
Jr S Tr A 
on receipt of price by 
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f( i Wf H 
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| / 1 ■ LlAj.m-'- J 
832 Austin Av. Chicago 
1/ \ 
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FREE 
