696 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
October 19 
turns up four inches at the edges to prevent drip ; 
this iron is on a wooden floor, so that the air in the 
cellar does not come in direct contact with it, hence 
there is no drip. There is an air space of four inches 
around the ice, communicating with the cellar, and 
the cooled air will descend without any patent system 
of flues, ducts, etc. I have only three small outside 
windows, and these have double sash and shutters. 
A dumbwaiter descends from the tool room No. 2 to 
the cold-storage room below for house use in keeping 
butter, milk, meat, etc., in the cooling room without 
going down stairs and letting warm air into the cellar. 
The only openings into the cold-storage room are one 
outside window 14 x 28 with double sash and shutter, 
and a door and window opening into it from the 
ordinary cellar. 
The posts to this building are only 14 feet, which 
was a mistake. They should be 16 or 18 feet. It is 
boarded up and down with pine ceiling, and fitted 
with rolling doors mainly. I have no floors in my 
stable, but fill in occasionally with blue clay when¬ 
ever one portion of the stall gets a little low. This 
will do where horses are well bedded, and not tied, 
so as not to be obliged to stand in one place too much. 
Edwin Hoyt Figures It All Out. 
In a case like the above, it is difficult to assess the 
damages. Much depends upon the future success of 
the orchard. It might turn out to be one of profit, 
and, again, it might not pay the expenses; but, assum¬ 
ing that the orchard would turn out well, and be one 
of profit, the damages would be the cost of the trees 
to be replaced ; the cost of planting them out and the 
estimated loss of one year’s growth on the trees ; 
the cost of the trees, say, about eight cents each ; the 
cost of planting, five cents more, making 13 cents 
each. The loss of one year’s growth would be a ques¬ 
tion upon which different opinions would be raised, 
as it might prove to be a loss, and, again, it might 
prove not to be. With the uncertainty there is of 
every tree’s growing to proper age to bear, I think that 
it would be uniust to require from the nurseryman 
damages for the year’s loss of growth, although at 
first thought, it might appear otherwise. If the nurs¬ 
eryman furnished new trees to replace, and paid for 
resetting them, it would be as near right as could be 
justly estimated. Mistakes or errors like the above, 
may occur in the best regulated establishment; yet 
being the bud itself, until considerable size is attained, 
in some cases bearing fruit before the discovery is 
made, when blame is improperly thrown upon the 
propagator. In the best and most profitable days of 
peach growing on this peninsula, the question was 
often discussed by intelligent orchardists, as to what 
was a fair valuation of a healthy, bearing peach tree, 
and in no instance of which I know, was the value 
placed higher than $1 each for such trees. To illus¬ 
trate this more plainly ; say, 10 acres of land valued 
at $25 per acre, were planted with peach trees of good 
varieties. When these trees reached a bearing age, 
the value of the land was enhanced about $100 per 
acre, as that is about the number of trees set on 
an acre at 20 feet apart each way. Since peaches are 
less profitable than formerly the estimated value of 
peach trees at bearing age has fallen so wonderfully 
that land valued at $25 per acre would not be increased 
in value to the amount of $25 per acre by having a 
peach orchard on it, as before described. F. C. 11. 
certainly has gone beyond the bounds of equity and 
right in claiming $1 per tree damages for trees only 
one year after planting. After replacing the 59 trees 
—freight prepaid—the customer is entitled to the 
My brother’s barn is 40x54 feet, with a cellar under 
all of it. We both grow a good many potatoes. The 
first floor is shown in No. 4, Fig. 220 The upper por¬ 
tion of it is used for hay, straw, crates, baskets, etc. 
One objection to this plan, is a stove in the barn. His 
cellar was built with two double doors, so that a 
wagon could be driven directly through it; but after 
trying both plans, I think that I would have but one, 
and back into the cellar, as a driveway through the 
cellar takes up a great deal of room, and so many 
outer openings let in too much heat and 
cold. His barn answers for a fruit farm 
of 70 acres, much of it not yet in bear¬ 
ing. Mine is sufficient for 55 acres of 
fruit. In addition to this, we both rent _ 
some ground outside, upon which to 
grow feed for our teams, potatoes, etc. I Cf. 
We have, of course, small portable pack- r' 
ing sheds to use in our berry patches. jL N 
These are built to be drawn from place 
to place with a team. 
Ohio. W. W. FARNSWORTH. 
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Ohio. W. W. FARNSWORTH. 
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HURT BY SEEDLING PEACH TREES. '-flZ 
WHAT IS THK DAMAGE WORTH ? 
When seedling peach trees are found among 
purchased budded trees, to what damages is 
the nurseryman liable ? Last spring, I bought . 
800 trees direct from an old and, supposed-to-be, 
reliable nursery; they have hundreds of acres 
in stock, and an immense trade, and now 59 trees 
out of the 800 prove to be seedlings. All they offer , 
is to send me 59 more trees, and prepay the > ^ 
freight. For comparison, I would state that at 
the same time, I bought 1,600 trees from another -- 
nursery and there are only two seedling trees , 
among them. For my part, I consider that I am 9 * ^ 
damaged $1 for every seedling that is there. The 
seedling trees were not, probably, given me in- - 
tentlonally, but were left in the nursery rows 
by careless help. r. c. b. 0 * I 
Kansas. 
Estimate Too Low, Says Geo. T. Powell. 
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Every first-class fruit grower in plant¬ 
ing trees, selects varieties that have the _ 
highest value in his markets, and in 
ordering trees, specifies carefully the p 
kinds he desires, and allows no sub¬ 
stitution, if these varieties cannot be 
furnished. In planting peach trees of one year’s 
growth, unless they have been unduly forced, they 
will not develop fruit buds under two years from 
planting. If at this time, the variety is determined, 
and proves to be a seedling of no value, or even an¬ 
other variety of good quality, it is a loss to the grower 
to have odd varieties in his blocks of trees. As at 
this time of discovery, it is too late to replant, another 
year in time is lost in addition to the expense of 
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price paid for the original 59 trees as compensation 
for land and labor expended on them. This, I think, 
would serve the ends of justice between the vender 
and the vendee. 
J. H. Hale Talks About “Cheap Trees.” 
There is no question that to have 59 seedlings 
among 800 trees, is a great disappointment and loss to 
the planter ; but with the public constantly demand¬ 
ing cheaper trees, there has come a tremendous rush 
and somewhat of carelessness in prop¬ 
agation, and the using of cheaper and 
less experienced workers, who do not so 
readily detect the seedling in nursery 
rows, as would more careful men. At 
the present low prices of the trees, nurs- 
‘ ' erymen cannot afford to guarantee, and 
"Poorq under all conditions, I think the offer 
to replace these trees and prepay freight, 
is a perfectly fair and just one. When 
planters are willing to pay what it costs 
to propagate, care for and handle thor¬ 
oughly first-class trees, and the risk 
of their being untrue to name, then I 
believe that they will be entitled to de- 
_mand whatever loss may occur through 
carelessness or neglect of the nursery¬ 
men. A large number of would-be buy- 
' j 1 1 j 1 11 m . | n ers write me each season, asking for 
W *’* **"'' * . prices of trees, frankly saying that they 
ciCw have written to several other parties 
and propose to place their order where 
they can buy the goods for the least 
, money. This sort of business is no en¬ 
couragement to greater care and security 
in the nursery. 
Mr. S. D. Willard’s Opinion. 
,Stett>le.-SV«ar 
HAY 
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PLANS OF BARN FOR A SMALL FRUIT FARM. 
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there is no excuse for 59 seedling trees in 800 to pass 
in unnoticed. F. C. B. lays the damages at $1 per 
tree. He planted 2,400 trees, which would be planted 
on about 12 acres. At this estimate, there would be 
big money in planting out peach trees. Their in¬ 
creased value should be more next season, and more 
the next; but at $1 per tree increase per year, his 
orchard at four years’ growth would be worth $9,600. 
At this rate in value, Brother Hale, with his orchard 
All careful nurserymen are accustomed 
w i to look to it well to see that the seedlings 
* jq q in their peach blocks are carefully dug 
out. They are unmistakable in their 
_=_appearance, and in the springthey should 
be carefully eradicated and cleaned from 
Fig. 220. The blocks. In the case quoted, it would 
seem to me that the aggrieved party 
is asking for rather too much. I would 
pass calculate, were it my case, that if I gave the 
per trees to replace the seedlings, it would be perfectly 
nted proper and right that I should also give the party a 
l be sufficient sum to cover the planting and loss of growth 
* in- of one year, and it seems to me that 50 cents each 
lore for such damage, aside from replacing the trees, 
, his would be all that any reasonable party should ask for. 
600. 
lard Mr. W. D. Barns Quotes the Nurseryman’s 
cultivation. 
In estimating such damage there should be in¬ 
cluded, the expense of cultivation of the seedling trees 
for two years, and the loss of two years crops of fruit, 
in the difference between the first and second plant¬ 
ing, which would not vary much from two baskets of 
fruit per tree, provided the trees had made uniform 
growth. F. C. B.’s estimate is too low, by one-half. 
First-class nurserymen are very careful about furnish¬ 
ing varieties true to name. As a class, no more honor¬ 
able men can be found in any line of trade Mistakes 
will occasionally happen in the best conducted nurs¬ 
eries. One happened to me in the planting of several 
thousand grape vines. As soon as discovered, the 
firm requested me to send a statement, which was 
of 100,000 trees, will soon be a millionaire, and I am 
not sure but he will. Four dollars per tree in four 
years, when no disease or winter kills the trees or 
buds, is not impossible, but is often realized. 
J. W. Kerr Discusses a Peach Tree’s Value. 
If the fact be clearly established that the 59 trees 
are seedlings, and that they came from the nursery 
in that condition, the simple replacing of them with 
budded trees would not be equitable and right, as the 
purchaser, besides devoting a full half acre of land 
for a year to the use of the trees, has also bad the ex¬ 
pense of planting and attending to them. Still there 
is a possibility that little loss occurred by the occu¬ 
pancy of the land by the trees, as corn or some other 
Guarantee. 
The usual guarantee of nurserymen is as follows: 
“ Should any stock not prove true to name, I will 
either refund the purchase money of same, or replace 
the stock with stock true to name free ; but am not 
liable for further damages, and while 1 am exercising 
great care to prevent mixtures, the above is to be a 
condition on which all stock is delivered.” The above 
being the general guarantee of all nurserymen, is 
tacitly accepted by purchasers of nursery stock. Such 
being the case, it is doubtful whether damages in ex¬ 
cess of the settlement proposed by the nurseryman, 
could be recovered by F. C. B. if he sought redress in 
the courts. While I think that F. C. B.’s estimate of 
his loss is excessive, for if he reset the trees next 
promptly accepted. Instances can be cited when trees 
have been sent out infected with dangerous insects 
unknown to the nurserymen, who have made a large 
sacrifice as soon as discovered to save to their custom¬ 
ers the loss that would follow. 
hoed crop, doubtless, was grown among them. Then, 
too, a possibility enters here in favor of the nursery¬ 
man. Sometimes (not infrequently, either,) the bud 
at planting size dies, natural sprouts put out below, 
grow rapidly and are passed over by the planter, as 
spring, they would be only one year later coming in 
fruit, there are circumstances that seem to demand 
from the nurseryman, in equity, more than simply 
replacing the stock. 
The number of seedling trees is so large that no 
