1895 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
731 
FARMERS' CLUB DISCUSSION . 
(CONTINUED.) 
The Ailment of That Orchard. 
A. YV., Marshfield, Ore. —In regard 
to the barren apple orchard mentioned 
on page 646, the condition of the soil 
causes a very vigorous and also down¬ 
ward growth of the main roots, without 
the formation of many rootlets ; conse¬ 
quently, not many fruit buds are formed 
till the roots of the trees get inter¬ 
woven, or, if the trees are planted very 
far apart, till the roots attain their 
limit growth, in which case the forma¬ 
tion of the rootlets is pushed rapidly. 
Deep plowing when the trees are in a 
dormant state, thinning out the surplus 
branches in the spring when the sap is 
in full motion, summer pruning and sow¬ 
ing to grain and grass, will bring the 
desired end. The grass and the fruit 
will appropriate the constant moisture 
created by the capillary attraction. The 
application of mineral fertilizers and 
bone meal the next year after this treat¬ 
ment would be a great benefit. 
That Seedling Peach Question. 
L. A. G., Westport, Mo.—That ques¬ 
tion of seedling peach trees is a two- 
sided one. Often the nurseryman is im¬ 
posed upon, and has to sell trees the 
buds of which he has obtained from 
other parties, and the buds themselves 
are seedlings. The planters, on the 
other hand, lose not only their time, 
money and care, but the cash value of 
the tree after it comes into bearing. 
Great care should be exercised, and hon¬ 
est nurserymen will do their best to give 
stock true to name. The case cited is 
not so bad as in the case of the apple 
tree where a person gets 500 that he does 
not want, and one that does not pay, in¬ 
stead of a standard commercial variety. 
A good, honest nurseryman will do his 
best to give stock true to name, and if 
he make a mistake in an instance or two, 
the purchaser and he should settle it 
like any other mistake, by a compromise. 
Replacing Spurious Trees. 
T. T. L., South Haven, Mich. —With 
the utmost care, errors in the correct¬ 
ness of nursery stock are liable to occur; 
hence the occasional occurrence of a spuri¬ 
ous tree or plant might reasonably be 
overlooked ; but the occurrence of so 
large a percentage of error as in the 
case of F. C. 11., page 696, can by no 
means, be excused. The offer to replace 
the spurious trees, is the one almost 
universally made by nurserymen in such 
cases ; but it may fairly be doubted 
whether even nurserymen regard this as 
adequate compensation ; since, even if 
the error shall be detected, and the tree 
safely and correctly replaced at the end 
of a year, the planter will have borne 
the loss of the year’s use of his land and 
the expense of the year’s cultivation and 
replanting. Furthermore, each annual 
crop, during the subsequent life of such 
tree, will necessarily be deferred a 
twelvemonth ; while if the detection of 
the error must (as will in most cases 
prove true), await the fruiting of the 
tree, the damage and loss to the planter 
must necessarily be largely increased. 
To determine the actual loss to the 
planter in any given case, must neces¬ 
sarily be an uncertain and difficult prob¬ 
lem ; yet there is scarcely room for 
doubt that, in a court of last resort, the 
planter would be awarded damages sub¬ 
stantially upon the theory suggested. 
Kerosene OH On Trees. 
E. N. W., Anchorage, Ky.—O n page 
618, G. YV. C., Belvidere, N. J., says that 
kerosene applied to fruit trees will kill 
them. What does he mean by kerosene? 
In some places, crude petroleum is called 
kerosene ; in others, refined petroleum 
and in others coal oil. D. L. Bliss, in 
American Gardening says that he has 
applied crude petroleum to apple trees 
for years without injury. I would like 
G. YV. C. to inform us the exact article 
he used and when. 
R- N.-Y.—As we understand it, the sub¬ 
stance used was kerosene or “coal oil” 
such as is used in lamps for light. 
□ The writer of these notes did not spend 
the past winter at the Rural Grounds, 
and could not, therefore, keep any record 
of the temperature. He now finds, 
through a friend who kept a careful 
record, that the mercury at one time 
fell to 24 degrees below zero. This is 
the lowest it has fallen during the past 
22 years. Yet patches of Crimson clover 
survived. 
All communications intended for 
Ruralisms should, for the next seven 
months, be mailed to the editor of The 
R. N.-Y., No. 5 YVest 82nd Street, New 
York City. 
We have not yet fully recovered from 
our surprise over the size of the bunches 
and the quality of the Mills grape. It 
seems like a purely foreign grape in 
every way. Yet the vine appears to be 
hardy in Rochester, N. Y. 
If any of our readers have fruited the 
Mills, we beg them to favor The R. N.-Y. 
with their opinion of the grape, as to 
size of bunch, quality of berry, growth 
and hardiness of the vine. 
The Agnes Emily Carman Rose.— 
Next year, we shall hope to hear from 
many of our subscribers regarding the 
general deportment of this rose. Here 
is the opinion of Mr. E. G. Fowler, one 
of the editors of the Orange County 
Farmer : 
Specimens of this new rose received from the 
Storrs & Harrison Co., of Painesville, O., planted 
last spring, have given us great satisfaction. The 
roses, of which we had quite a number, are very 
pretty, indeed, but to us the foliage is equally 
attractive, vivid green, hardy in texture, and 
seeming able to resist all sorts of weather, and 
to repel all insect attacks. When our other roses 
were calling for all our vigilance to save them 
from perishing from the ravages of the aphis, 
not one was seen on the Agnes Emily Carman. It 
is, withal, a vigorous grower. It is, as most of 
our readers doubtless know, a cross between the 
Japanese Rosa rugosa and the old Harison’s 
Yellow, and is the handiwork of the lady whose 
name it bears. 
If Mr. Fowler had occasion to admire 
the foliage of plants “received last 
spring,” he will have more occasion to 
do so next summer, and still more the 
summer thereafter, as the leaflets do 
not grow to their largest size until the 
third season. The hardiness of this 
variety may be judged when we say that, 
though the mercury fell last winter to 
24 degrees below zero, not a bud on 
either of our plants was harmed. The 
stems of the Georges Bruant, reported 
as hardy in Rochester, were killed nearly 
to the ground. 
Mr. Fowler, who favored The It. N.-Y. 
with the first printed account of the 
Columbian raspberry, compared it, the 
past season, at his own home (Port Jer¬ 
vis, N. Y.) with the Shaffer (Shaffer’s 
Colossal). Both varieties were in full 
bearing and growing under the same 
conditions. He says that the Shaffer 
always winterkills more or less, though 
always giving, nevertheless, a fair crop. 
Last winter fully one-third of the Shaffer 
canes were winterkilled, while “ not a 
single cane of the Columbian was dam¬ 
aged.” In growth during the season, no 
notable differences were seen. The 
Shaffer, as already noted by The R. 
N.-Y., seemed to be about a week earlier. 
In quality, they were found to be “ prac¬ 
tically the same.” Mr. Fowler further 
says, and this is an important advantage, 
that the berries of the Columbian never 
fall when ripe, while those of the Shaffer 
do. YVe found last season that the re¬ 
ceptacle of the Columbian is not so 
smooth as is that of the Shaffer, being 
covered with little projections which 
must serve to hold the berry more firmly. 
Some 12 years ago, we planted one 
tree of a Japan pear called the Mikado. 
In two or three years, it began to bear 
and, thereafter, it bore abundantly every 
year. The pears were round, with long 
stems, the skin russeted and yellow when 
fully ripe. Besides the pleasing sight 
of these round pears held by long stems 
that allowed them to sway to and fro in 
the wind like so many little Chinese 
lanterns, the tree, because of its large, 
thick leaves, was really ornamental. 
The quality of the fruit was such that it 
was of no value except for preserves. 
For several years, the nursery firm of 
YVm. Parry, of Parry, N. J., have given 
liberal space to the description and illus¬ 
tration of a Japan pear which is called 
Japan Golden Russet. In April of last 
year, we planted one of these trees about 
six feet high. In spite of the tornado, 
half a dozen pears clung to the tree and 
ripened fully during the early days of 
October. They closely resemble the 
Mikado ; being, as shown at Fig. 225, 
nearly round — a little oblate — the 
basin and cavity shallow, russeted, 
of a rich, yellow color. The stems are 
slender and about two inches long. The 
flesh is of a yellowish-white color, coarse 
grained, sweetish, of low quality, except 
when cooked. The leaves are fine— 
thrice the size of other pear leaves, 
thick and glossy. Prof. Budd, of the 
Iowa Experiment Station, who has 
fruited it there, says that “The Japan 
Golden Russet pear is probably a na¬ 
tive of Russia. The tree thrives here 
with a luxuriance never reached by any¬ 
thing truly indigenous to Japan. It 
fruits at an early age very full, and I 
believe that in the southern half of Iowa, 
it will give much satisfaction. As ripened 
in this hot, dry climate, it is handsome, 
unique, and really good for culinary 
use. It is, in fact, the last of October, 
properly ripened in the house, refresh¬ 
ing for dessert use”. 
YVe would be glad to hear from those 
living in the Middle or Eastern States 
who have fruited the Idaho pear, as to 
the size, quality, time of ripening, etc.. 
IN writing to advertisers, please always mention 
Tub Ruiial Nkw-Youkkk. 
borrowing 
If you have borrowed 
from health to satisfy the 
demands of business, if your 
blood is not getting that 
constant supply of fat from 
your food it should have, 
you must pay back—from 
somewhere, and the some¬ 
where will be from the fat 
stored up in the body. 
The sign of this borrow¬ 
ing is thinness, the result— 
nerve-waste. You need 
fat to keep the blood in 
health, unless you want to 
live with no reserve force— 
live from hand to mouth. 
Scott’s Em ulsion of cod- 
liver oil, with hypophos 
phites, is more than a medi¬ 
cine. 
3# cents and $1.00 
SCOTT & BOWNE 
Chemists - - New York 
DOOO©OOOO©0©©©OOO©€)©OOOOC 
S A ! 
? Model j 
j Farm I 
j House 
is kept in model order by a 1 
§ model farmer’s wife — slieG 
cleans the dairy and kitchen d 
|j utensils ; cleans the floors g 
and windows—cleans every- $ 
thing cleanable with 2 
Golddust 
Washing Powder. 
This famous preparation 
quickly removes dirt of a] 
greasy nature or any nature. 
Every farmer’s wife as well 
as every other wife should 
have a supply of GOLD 
DUST. Sold everywhere in 
large packages. Price 25 c. 
Godd Dust Washing Powder has 
an additional value to the farmer for 
destroying insects. Send us your name 
and address and we will mall you an 
important booklet containing recipes 
for making kerosene emulsions, for 
spraying crops and trees and live stock. |J 
$ THE N. K. FAIRBANK COMPANY, 
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vaanaiai awa« FOR MAPLE, 
SORGHUM, CIDER, AND FRUIT JELLIES 
Write for 189H Catalogue. 
THE (J. II. GRIMM MFC. CO., Hudson, Ohio, or Montreal, P. ((. 
Cider Machinery.—Send for catalogue to Boomer A 
Boschert l'ress Co., 118 West Water St., Syracuse,N.Y 
First Lessons in Agriculture. 
By F. A. Gulley, M. S. This book discusses the 
more important principles which underlie agri¬ 
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the practical farmer, without a knowledge of 
chemistry or botany needs. Cloth, $1. 
Practical Farm Chemistry. 
T. Greiner. This is intended for the prac¬ 
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all its statements are based upon true scien¬ 
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of plant food, both organic and mineral; the 
available sources of supply of both manures 
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discussing clover and other i>lants used as 
fertilizers. It is condensed, yet comprehensive, 
and easily understood. Cloth, $1, postpaid. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER New York. 
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ip No. 10 Gal. wires. Cross 
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