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MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
ABOUT WINTER APPELS. 
WK suppose that in these latter days every 
body—or at least every body who has any 'and 
—has fruit trees, amR among them are thrifty, 
we!l-tiimmed app’e trees, anl that a portion of 
these trees bear R. I. Greenings, Spitzenbergs, 
some 3eek-no-furthers, the Wagoner, Roxbury 
Russet, Northern Spy, and the King apple— 
all choice kinds of winter fruit for market or 
for home use. It is past the time to tell how 
to prepare them for keeping, but one may as 
well begin at the tree, for it will do no harm if 
we get a little knowledge in advance. 
The first great secret in having apples keep 
well is to so gather them that they do not get 
bruised. This is the most indispensable requi¬ 
site. Apples that are to be kept any time 
must be hand picked, Most people go into 
the tree with a basket. Quite as good, if not 
a better way, is to take a grain bag, put an 
apple in one corner and bring the string at the 
mouth of the bag down and tie round the 
apple. Slip the bag over the head, and bring 
it round under the right or left arm, as is most 
convenient, the mouth of the bag being in 
front. We arc the more particular on this 
subject, as an Irishman was set to picking ap¬ 
ples with a bag, and after being gone some 
time, came back in a great state of bewilder¬ 
ment, with his bag wrong side before. “ Re 
the powers, Misther, I’m bate intirely, ivery 
time I turn round to put in the apples the bag 
turns too, bad luck to it.” The bag was prop¬ 
erly adjusted, and he went back muttering to 
himself, “ who'd thought it.” 
By uising the bag the picker has both 
hands to use instead of one, as when a basket 
is employed. Besides there is much less dan¬ 
ger of bruising when emptying into barrels or 
large baskets. If apples thus picked can be 
put into a dry deep cellar, under a barn or out 
building, which does not freeze, but remains at 
a low temperature, they will keep till very late. 
Greenings have been kept in that way, fresh 
and sound, until June. The Baldwin, howev¬ 
er, is not so good a keeper, for like some “ hu¬ 
mans,” it will have a fair and beautiful outside 
but be very rotten at the core. 
When apples are to be barreled and remain 
some time in the barrels, it is best to pick them 
and lay them in large piles under cover, so that 
they may undergo a process of sweating ; after 
so lying for three or four weeks, they may be 
packed in good clean barrels, pressing in the 
head, when heading up, so that they will not 
rattle in the barrel when moved. When so 
treated they will go into the most distant mar¬ 
kets in good order. When kept in the house, 
apples should be put into the coldest part of 
the cellar, and, if abundant, let the children 
have all they want of them. If you have a 
good winter sweet apple lay in a good supply, 
and have them upon your table every day, 
baked. 
Finally, raise good kinds, pick them careful¬ 
ly, store them safely, eat them thankfully. 
Tub culture of the Plum has been rather 
discouraged by the spread of the Black knot 
and the ravages of the curculio, but the value 
of the fruit is such that no pains or expense 
will be spared to secure it in its greatest per¬ 
fection. We are promised a remedy forthecur- 
culio, and the trees, burnt and shrivelled by 
the knot, can be replaced by better ones. Let 
not the plum be given up, yet. 
We will introduce in this connection, out¬ 
line engravings of three good early Plums.— 
The first i3 the Peach Plum, in quality merely 
good, but on account of its magnificent size, 
beautiful appearance, and earliness, worthy of 
a place in every Fruit garden. It ripens early 
in August. The tree is described in the Hor¬ 
ticulturist, our authority on this occasion, as 
stout, a good grower, quite hardy, and very 
productive. The following description wa3 
prepared by the late Mr. Downing : 
PEARS—REJECTED VARIETIES. 
Wb compile from the Proceedings of the 
Amer. Pomological Society, the following list 
of Pears, rejected as “ unworthy of general cul 
tivation.” It will be of value to our readeis 
who are engaged in the nursery business, and 
also to those who propose planting new varie¬ 
ties in their gardens, or who would keep post¬ 
ed on Pears and their multitudinous names 
and varieties. 
Autumn Superb, Apple Pear (American,) 
Armudi, Brougham, Beurre Kenrick, Bcurre 
Adam, Beurre Colmar of Autumn, Beurre 
Colomar, Bon Chretien d’Ete, Bon Chretien 
d'Hiver, Bergamot d’Automne, Bergamot 
Zappa, Bishops Thumb, Brugman's Birne, 
Columb's d’Hiver, Crawford, Dubossary, Eng¬ 
lish Warden, Figue Extra, Foster’s St. Mi¬ 
chael, Girardin, Gros Rousselet, Gcndeseim, 
Great Citron of Bohemia, Hericart, Hunt’s 
Connecticut, Huguenot, Jacob, Jubin, John 
Monteith, Locke Mabills, Orange Rouge, Oak 
Leaf (Imperiale,) Pomme Poire, Pailleau, 
Pope’s Rffssct, Quilletette of Manning, Ra¬ 
meau, Rouville, Rushmoro's Bon Chretien, 
Shobden Court, Sapianski, Super fond ante, Sa¬ 
bine, (Flemish,) Tucker’s Bon Chretien, Till- 
ington, Winter Crassane, Wellington, Winter 
Quince. 
The Belmont pear, was pronounced a thrifty 
bearer, and a good cooking pear, but not 
equal to others ripening later. It was added 
to the list. 
Knight’s Monarch, after some discussion, 
was recommended for farther trial. Mr. 
Walker, of Mass., said there had been more 
money spent in its cultivation, than for any 
other variety in tho country. He had found 
it very variable in quality, and liable to crack 
very badly. Other gentlemen had found the 
tree thrifty and a good bearer, and thought it 
should not be decided against. Mr. Hovey 
pronounced it a capital baking pear. 
With a downright taste for fruits and flow¬ 
ers, a man may have occupation and amuse¬ 
ment for years, in a hundred feet square of 
good soil. — Downing. 
Peach Plum. Prune Peche, Noisetto, Poi- 
teau.—The tree is a pretty strong grower, with 
stout smooth shoots. Fruit very large, shaped 
more like a Peach than a Plum, being usually 
wider than its depth; regularly formed, round¬ 
ish, much flattened at both ends; suture shallow, 
but strongly marked; apex much depressed, 
with a punctured mark at the point. Skin, 
light brownish-red, nearly a salmon color in 
the lightest portions, sprinkled with obscure 
dark specks, and covered with a delicate pale 
bloom. Stalk very short, rather stout, set in 
a shallow narrow cavity. Flesh pale yellow, 
a little coarse-grained, but juicy and of pleas¬ 
ant sprightly flavor when fully ripe ; it sep¬ 
arates freely from the stone. Stone nearly 
round, very flat, and much furrowed. Ripe 
from the 20th to the last of July. It is cer¬ 
tainly the largest early Plum, and is well 
worthy of cultivation. A moderate bearer. 
Another large and beautiful Plum i3 the 
Bradshaiv figured below. Mr. Barry gives it 
the following description : 
LIST OE PATENTS 
Issued frnni the Uni'ed States Patent Office Jar the two 
icaslc’s ending January ?., 1851. 
til 
Fruit—very large, nearly or quite equal to 
3 Yellow Egg, or Magnum Bonum. Form 
—oval-obovate with a slight suture on one 
side only. Color—dark violet-red, with an 
azure bloom. Stalk—half to three-fourths of 
an inch long. Flesh—yellowish-green, a little 
coarse, but juicy and sweet; adheres to the 
stone. Tree—remarkably vigorous, erect, and 
regular in growth, equalling the Smith’s Or¬ 
leans. Shoots — smooth, reddish. Buds— 
short and pointed. Foliage—large, glossy, 
serrated, and wavy edges. Ripe middle of 
August—immediately succeeding the Peach 
Plum. 
The Mamelone is spoken of as follows : 
Norman Aylsworth. Rochester, improvements in ma¬ 
chine-; for boring, planing, and slotting metals. 
David Baldwin, Godwinville, N. J., improved apparatus 
for feeding paper to printing presses and ruling machines 
Wm. Ballard, Now York, improvement in constructing 
vessels. 
Abram Brigham, Manchester, N. H., improvement in 
looms. 
John E. Brown and Stephen S. Bartlett, Woonsocket, R. 
I., improvement in grain and grass harvesters. 
Thos. II. Burley, Cincinnati, dovetailing machine. 
Marshall Burnett and Chas. Yander Woord, Boston, im¬ 
provement in grain and grass harvesters. 
S. J. Butterfield, Philadelphia, improvement in locks 
for fire-arms. 
J. Cailrey, Paradise Township, Pa., improved trap for 
catching animals. 
Thos. J. Flanders, Manche-ter, N. H., construction and 
mode of driving circular saws. 
Ezekiel Goro, Bennington, Vt. ; improvement in churns. 
Jesse W. Hatch and Henry Churchill, Roche-der, im¬ 
provement in machines for cutting out boot and shoe soles. 
Chas. W. Hawkos, Boston, and Geo. P. Ree l, Waltham, 
improvement in compensation balances for tlme-keepors. 
Alex, ilol-trom, New York, improved apparatus for at¬ 
mospheric pile driving. 
James B. Harris, Cincinnati, improvement in railroad 
chair machines. 
Asa P. Keith, Bridgewater, Mass., improvement in 
cotton gins. 
Julius H. Kroehl, New York, improvement in machines 
for forming flanges on wrought iron beams. 
Hazard Knowles, New York, for cutters for tonguing 
and grooving. 
Wesley M. Lee, New York, improvement'in machines 
for forging car wheels. 
Jean F. LeMovinier, New York, improvement in con¬ 
structing pavements. &c. 
Adrian V. B. Orr, Steeleville, Pa., for a shingle machine, 
gam’l Pearson, jr., and Wm. H. Gardner, Roxbury, im¬ 
provement in regulating the size of roving. 
Obadiah Rich, Cambridge, Mass., improvement in pro¬ 
cesses for extracting tannin from leather. 
H. J. Rogers, Baltimore, improvement in signal flags. 
Syivanus Sawyer, Fitchburg, Mass., machine for split¬ 
ting rattans into strips. 
Richard A. Ti ghman, Philadelphia, improvement' in 
processes for making soap. 
Farnham Z. Tucker, Brooklyn, improvement in life-pro- 
serving rafts. 
Henry G. Tyor and Jno. Haim, New Brunswick, im¬ 
provement in processes for making India rubber cloth. 
Wm. E. Ward, tort Chaster, improvement in sheet iron 
blinds. 
Daniel T. Ward, Newark, Improvement in sewing ma¬ 
chines. 
Edward A. Foote, Hartford, improvement in protecting 
slides and ways from dust. 
Rufus Keeler, Rochester, assignor to Lewis C. England, 
New York, improvement in tanning processes. 
Lewis Kech, New York, assignor to Theodore Pincus, 
same place, for machine for manufacturing wooden boxes. 
P. H. Niles, Boston, assignor to himself and J. A. Rich¬ 
ards, same placo, improvement in cui tain fixtures. 
A. H. Ward, jr., Boston, assignor to himself and Kirk 
Boolt, same placo, improvement in compositions for un¬ 
hairing hides. 
Alov Anderson, Markham, Canada, improvement in 
seed planters. 
Robt. Arthur, Washington, Improvement in seif-sealing 
preserve cans. 
S. B. Balchelder, Lowville, improvement in journal 
boxes for carriages. 
Wm. II. Brown. Erie, improvement in suspended pur¬ 
chases. Patented in England, Oct. 2, 1854. 
Sharpless Clayton, West Chester, Pa., improvement in 
teeth. 
Willard Cowles, Washington, improvement in apparatus 
for stereotyping. 
Levi Dedrick, Albany, improvement in ox yokes. 
St-. John D’Eoris. Philadelphia, for composition for fuel. 
Adolph Hammer, Philadelphia, improvement in fer¬ 
menting tuns for beer. 
Emanuel Harmon. Washington, improvements in fire¬ 
proof iron buildings. 
U. G. Hubbard, New York, Improved mode of hanging 
the knife in planing machines. 
Jno. Intel, Liberty, Iud., improvement in cultivators. 
Asa Keyes, Brattieborough, improvement in machines 
for cutting and trimming slate. 
Phillip W. Mackenzie, Jersey City, for machine (hr blow¬ 
ing blasts, tcc. 
Henry Millar, New York, improvement in steam rail¬ 
road car brakes. 
Russell S. Morse, East Bixfleld, Me., improvement in 
fruit dryers. 
Francis Randolph, New York, improvement in eleva¬ 
ting scaffolds. 
Rmue fcirroi, Buffalo, improvement in rakes. 
John A. Taplin, Fishkiil, improved method of hanging a 
path-finding saw. 
Cuno Werner, Philadelphia, improvement in composi¬ 
tions for dressing leather. 
Chapman Warner, Now York, Improvement in cast iron 
pavements. 
Wm. J. Warburton,•Philadelphia, improvement in hats. 
Warren Wadleigh, Hill, N. H., improved machine for 
cutting irregular forms. 
Jos. S. Wiasor, Providence, improvement in machines 
for making weaver’s harness. 
Lysander Wright, Newark, for sawing machine. 
Daniel Wells, Philadelphia, lor burglar’s alarm. 
Stephen Brown, Syracuse, improved press for printing 
different colors. 
Warren S. Burgess, Norristown, Pa., improved arrange¬ 
ment in double piston steam engines. 
Pulaski S Cahcon and Samuel J. Ross, La Grango, Me., 
improved chuck for turniug elliptical cylinders. 
Amory Felton, Troy, improvement in grinding mills 
Wm. Hicks, Steubenville, improved paint brush. 
Sidney Kelsey, Erie, improved printing press. 
C. Locher, New York, improvement in folding life-boats. 
Jas. Lewis, Prattville, N. Y., improved printing press. 
Thos. Slaigkt, Newark, improvement in pad locks. 
John Smith, of Cincinnati, improved crank connection 
in double pi-ton steam ongiues. 
Dwight Gibbons, Rochester, assignor to F. Starr, same 
place, improved brace for piano frames. 
Joshua Stevens, of Chicopee Falls, assignor to Massa¬ 
chusetts Arms Company, of samo place, improvement in 
repeating fire-arms. 
other part of the Isthmus, occupying a large 
torce more than two months in overcoming 
obstacles which were expected to be disposed 
of in as many week3. Latterly, many of the 
trestle structures tor crossing the streams have 
been replaced by substantial culverts or 
bridges, with masonry abutments, and iron su¬ 
perstructures ; which style of work is being 
adopted as rapidly as circumstances will admit. 
A large number of the original spruce and na¬ 
tive sof t wood cross-ties have been replaced by 
others of lignumvitae, and other hard and du¬ 
rable woods, which will be continued through¬ 
out the whole road ; the wood ordinarily used 
on railroads not being found to endure in that 
climate. 
The maximum grade toward the Atlantic 
from the summit ndge, is 53 feet to the mile, 
on the Pacific slope GO feet to the mile, and the 
total rise 250 feet above high water on the 
Pacific. The road is furnished with 11 loco¬ 
motives, 22 passenger cars for 60 each, 54 
.house freight cars, 72 platform cars, besides a 
large number of dirt and hand cars. A large 
additional equipment will be necessary, lor 
which arrangements are made. There is also 
a large machine shop fitted up at Aspinwall, 
with steam engines, and all the machinery ne¬ 
cessary to make repairs either to locomotives 
or cars. 
It must be obvious to every one, that no 
very accurate estimate%ould be made in the 
onset relative to the cost of such a work. In 
a ioreign country, where a road lor wheeled 
vehicles had never exisfed, and possessing no 
supplies either of food or materials, it became 
necessary to send almost everything from the 
United States. Even the timber for the cross¬ 
ties is carried there from this country, or irom 
distant parts of New Grenada. The workmen, 
whether native or foreign, were conveyed there 
from this country, for the express purpose of 
this work, at a cost of from $15 to $50 each. 
They were paid at rates lar exceeding that 
given for similar services here, and found in 
all their provisions, which were mostly sent 
out, together with cooks, <fcc. “ Sickness,” 
says Col. Totten, the Engineer, “although 
bearing no comparison to the exaggerrated re¬ 
ports which have been circulated, is a serious 
item of expenditure.” The cost was greatly 
increased by the destruction of a bridge over 
the Chagres river, and by the unprecedented 
rains of the last season, which delayed opera¬ 
tions. In consequence of these drawbacks, the 
period of completion was postponed some 
eighteen months longer than was anticipated. 
CALCIUM L 
Mr. Robert Grant, of New York, has 
been for several years endeavoring to perfect 
the Calcium Light as an illuminator for light¬ 
houses ; and some recent experiments on°the 
Lattiug Tower would seem to indicate some 
prospect-, at least, ot brill taut success. The 
Latting Lower i3 a public observatorv, erected 
in the upper part of the city, the top being 
just 300 feet above the earth. A lull-sided 
apparatus wa3 placed on the summit a lew 
weeks since, and the shadow projected by its 
most intense flashes, at the distance of eleven 
miles, was judged to be equal to that from the 
moon in its first quarter. The light is thrown 
from the focus of a large parabolic .reflector in 
one pencil of rays, which is made to travel 
round the horizon once in seven seconds. The 
light- is made to repeat any required number 
ot occuLations in the iollowing manner i_ 
To give the number twenty-one, the reflector 
is turned twice with the light burning; then 
the light is put out, excepting a small point of 
hydrogen, and the reflector turned three times ; 
the light is then increased again by the same 
machinery, and turned once; lastly, the light 
is suppressed during five revolutions. Any 
other number can be made by simply changing 
a cam-wheel. The cost of producing a light 
of this intensity is represemed by Mr. Grant 
as being half the sum required for a first-class 
Fresnel light. The lime-point employed in 
this modification of the oxhydrogen light, is 
said to burn or rather to glow with intense 
brilliancy tor twenty-four hours without disin¬ 
tegrating.— 'The Plow, Loom and Anvil. 
Spring Balances. —An improvement in 
spring balances has been made by Elisha P. 
Beckwith, of New London, Conn., who has 
applied tor a patent. It consists in surround¬ 
ing the balance with a cylindrical funnel of 
sheet metal, or other proper material, and hav¬ 
ing its periphery graduated so that not only 
the weight of the article is determined, but 
also its cost, at a given price per pound.— Sci¬ 
entific American. 
HOW TO BUI LD SAFETY SHIPS, 
This is a somewhat remarkable Plum, from 
its shape—having a neck like some pears, and 
a small knob, or mamelone, as the French 
term it, at the base of the stalk. It is of ex¬ 
cellent quality, hardy, and prolific, and there¬ 
fore well deserving of cultivation even in mod¬ 
erately largo collections. We received it from 
France eight or ten years ago. Fruit—medi¬ 
um-sized, oval, tapering toward the apex, and 
a well-marked suture on one side. Stalk— 
small, inserted without depression. Skin— 
color of the Green Gage, greenish-yellow, 
marbled in the sun with red. Flesh—greenish- 
yellow, sweet, juicy, and rich ; parts freely 
from the stone, which is very small. Tree—a 
vigorous, but not rapid grower, having some- 
- at the habit of the Green Gage. Ripe mid¬ 
dle of August. 
The Jaune Hautive, Roijal ds Tours, and 
Ghisborne’s Early, are also figured in the Hor¬ 
ticulturist. All are early varieties. 
MUCH HONEY FROM A LITTLE. 
Since the matter of providing greater secu¬ 
rity for human life on steam vessels, has come 
before the present Congress, I desire to call 
your attention to the wisdom of adopting the 
life-boat principle of construction, viz., secu¬ 
ring greater strength, in combination with 
water-tight compartments, in a similar manner 
to that projected by John W. Griffiths, for the 
six day steamer now in the hands of Gapt. 
Graham. 
Let every steamer carrying passengers or 
the mails, be obliged to have at least two trans¬ 
verse bulkheads of plate iron, and one centre 
longitudinal bulkhead or kelson, also of plate 
iron, thus dividing the hold into six compart¬ 
ments, to be kept water tight. The coal 
bunkers should also be made in the same 
manner. It would require five transverse 
bulkheads to divide the hold into six portions, 
and they would add no strength in the direc¬ 
tion in which steamers most require strength¬ 
ening, viz., in the longitudinal centre. This 
would give them backbone, and it is notorious 
that this line is the longest and weakest in the 
whole fabric, as at present constructed. It 
will do more injury than good to put nothing 
but the transverse bulkheads in, because in the 
event of filling one of those, the ship requires 
the necessary strength to carry this enormous 
tank of water until she can reach a port for re¬ 
pairs. Let us also have an amendment of ihe 
tonnage laws, so that vessels may be built with 
sufficient beam to stand up in a gale of wind. 
Almost any cockle shell can be ballasted to 
maintain an equilibrium in calm weather, but 
a gale of wind soon rolls the life out of the 
four story wreck. G ive us strength, stability, 
and the life-boat compartments.— Sci. Am. 
THE PANAMA RAILROAD. 
Tfih Panama Railroad Company was or¬ 
ganized in J une, 1849, under an act passed by 
the Legislature of New York, April 7 of that 
year, and under a contract very liberal in its 
provisions for the Company which had previ¬ 
ously been entered into with the Government 
of New Grenada. After partial surveys in 
the early part of 1850, a small force of thirty 
men was employed in June of that year to 
clear an opening in the forest over the shore 
of Navy Bay as a commencement of the work, 
and with slight interruptions, it has steadily 
progressed to the present time. In March, 
1852, trains were run to Galina, a small village 
seven miles from Aspinwall, and in July to 
Barbacoas, 23 miles. In February, 1854, the 
bridge over the Chagres river being completed, 
the trains commenced running to Obispo, 31 
Those who wish to increase the quantity of 
their honey, and also improve its flavor, can do 
so by following Longtreth’s directions, as 
follows; 
“ Dissolve two pounds of the purest white 
sugar in as much hot water as will be just 
necessary to reduce it to a syrup; take one 
pound of the nicest white, clover honey, (any 
other light-colored honey of good flavor will 
answer,) and after warming it, add it to the 
sugar syrup, and stir the contents. When 
cool, this compound will be pronounced by the 
best judges of honey, to be one of the most 
luscious articles which they ever tasted, and 
will be, by almost every one, preferred to the 
unmixed honey. Refined loaf sugar is a per¬ 
fectly pure and inodorous sweet, and one pound 
of honey will communicate the honey flavor to 
twice that quantity of sugar; while the new 
article will be destitute of that smarting taste 
which honey alone so often has, and will be 
found perfectly to agree with those who cannot 
eat the clear honey with impunity. If those 
engaged in the artificial manufacture of honey 
never brought anything worse than this to 
market, the purchaser would have no reason to 
complain. As, however, the compound can 
be furnished much cheaper than the pure 
honey, many may prefer to purchase the ma¬ 
terial and to mix them themselves. If desired 
any kind of flavor may be given to the manu 
factored article; thus it may be made to re¬ 
semble in fragrance, the classic honey of Mount 
Hymettus, by adding to it the aroma of the 
lemon balm, or- wild thyme; or it may have 
the flavor of the orange groves, or the delicate 
fragrance of beds of roses washed with dew. 
Pacific Telegraph. —The wild Indans and 
dreadful snow storms in the Rocky Mountains 
are serious impediments to a telegraph between 
the Atlantic States and California. But one 
will be had, somehow, if Congressional help 
and Yankee enterprise and skill can possibly 
do the job. Mr. Farley, of the Committee 
on Territories, favors the Senate bill for a sub¬ 
terranean line. He would plant the wires so 
far under the surface that the red man would 
never find or be disposed to meddle with them, 
cr the cold and storms ever affect their work¬ 
ing ; but, like the want of the rudder in aerial 
navigation, a difficulty is suggested in the 
impracticability of discovering and repairing 
the breaks that must occur from time to time 
in this wilderness underground line. — N. Y. 
Tribune. 
jj 
Mint Sauce. —Many of our country friends 
do not know what a luxury they deprive them¬ 
selves of, when they eat lamb either boiled or 
baked without mint sauce. Set a few roots of 
spearmint in one corner of the garden, and they 
will soon furnish an abundant supply. Strip 
off the leaves and chop them fine, add an equal j ; 
amount of sugar, and cover the whole with' 
vinegar. A small tea-cupfull of the mixture 
is sufficient for a large family. Try this, and 
see if it is not preferable to greasy gravies.— 
Ohio Cultivator. 
I : 
\ 
A Good Salve, —A friend who has trie* 1 i, 
gives us the following receipt:—Boil hemlock 
bark until you obtain its strength, then strain 
the liquor and evaporate down to the.consis¬ 
tency of molasses; to this add an equal ] , ; •U 
lard. This is valuable for chapped bauds. i, : s. 
&c.— Maine Far. 
Tna Mississippi Spanned. —The Miueapo- 
lis suspension bridge across the Mississippi 
river, above the falls of St. Anthony, has at 
length been completed, and the waters of the 
miles from Aspinwall. For four months past, j mighty river are spanned for the first time by 
the road has been in operation to the summit, 
38 miles from Aspinwall, and by the first of 
February, it will be completed to Panama, 
making the whole road 49 miles long. 
The first 23 miles were to a great extent 
originally built on piles or crib work, all filled 
in with earth, and so substantial is this work 
that the rains of the last season, although unu¬ 
sually severe, have not produced the slightest 
injury. In any other country the ground over 
which this line passes would be considered fa¬ 
vorable. The heaviest work is at the summit, 
where a cutting is encountered 1,300 feet in 
length and 24 feet in greatest depth, contain¬ 
ing 30,000 yards of excavation, which was sup- 
I posed to be of an easy description, but which 
i was found to be entirely different Irom any 
a structure of iron and wood. The last floor- 
beam of the bridge was laid upon the 5th ult., 
and the occasion was one of pride and rejoicing 
to the inhabitants on the different banks of 
the stream. The dimensions of the bridge are 
as follows: The length of span is 620 feet; 
vertical deflection of cables 47 feet, which are 
four in number, and each composed of 500 
strands of No. 10 charcoal-iron wire. The 
width of the platform, inside of parapets, is 17 
feet; distance between suspending rod3, 3 feet 
9 inches.— Scientific American. 
Water will not rise in an exhausted tube 
over 33 feet; consequently force or lifting, in¬ 
stead of suction pumps, must be used to raise 
water to a greater elevation. 
Boiled Almond Pudding, —Black one if 
of almonds, beat them in a mortar to a snu» a 
paste with three tea-spoonfuls of rose 
Add one gill of wine ; one pint of < 
gill of milk ; one egg ; one spoonful of hoar.-- 
Boil one half hour. 
Cheap Lemon Flavor. —When lemons a 
plenty, procure a quantity, cut then into a 
slices, and lay them on plates to dry hi ife- 
oven ; when dry put them into a tight! bag, or 
close vessel, in the store-room, whe. h.cv arc 
both handy and agreeable for almost anythin.-,- A 
Squash Pies without Eggs. —To make th 
best of squash pies (when eggs are 25 : hi 
cents per dozen) use none, but put in ; ao pi; 
of them soft crackers powdered :h 
advertise that for the rest of the poor folks. 
Medical Recipe. —Irish remedy - writs. 
Garlic dissolved in good whiskey ant. a 
bottle for use, is said to be a sovere 
for worms. Dose from a tea-spooi fra •>. > U 
table-spoonful every morning. 
i 
