— .; ... -.- . ...-. . ....? -"j 
f|T ~. MOOSE’S BUBAL NEW-YOEKER: AN AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. { 
r< kur nr-'i ti Toa-V : tuc: <*acafl mtuBt air. s; 
#itr Sped 
THE GREAT MABUSE QUESTION. 
Whoever seeks a solid basis for individual ^ 
and national prosperity must look for it in the 
manure heap! Clothing, and particular} 
food, are the necessaries of physical life—the 
rest are mere adjectives and accidents of exis¬ 
tence. These necessaries are supplied from 
the soil, but unless what is extracted is re¬ 
turned again in some form or other the sup pi} 
must gradually diminish till universal aearth is 
succeeded by universal death. Hence the su¬ 
perlative importance of the “manure question,” 
unsavory as some deem it to be. 
That there has been in the best farming 
districts of Western ISTew Tork, and the same 
is probably true of all our wheat growing re¬ 
gions, a serious decline in the fertility of the 
soil, there can be little doubt. It is true that 
our harvests do not indicate this to any con¬ 
siderable extent, but practical men are well 
aware that “ old fashioned ” tillage will not 
now produce “ old fashioned crops.” W e 
have simply improved our methods of getting 
the fertility out of the soil, and this we have 
mistaken for good farming. By sowing ear¬ 
lier, plowing deeper, and pulverizing better we 
may get about the same returns as in former 
years—but there is a bottom and an end tp 
these things, and it is time we were looking 
out for them. 
To prevent any further exhaustion of the 
soil, and to make it greatly exceed its original 
productiveness, are ends to be aimed at and at¬ 
tained. As it is generally much easier and 
cheaper to save what we have, than to pay for 
what we have not, farmers in the pursuance of 
these objects will direct their attention to the 
preservation and use of their barn-yard manure, 
three-fourths of which is probably wasted un¬ 
der the present economy. 
The first important requisite is to prevent 
the better parts of manure from being carried 
away by rain and snow. Ammonia, one of 
its most important constituents, has a great 
affinity for water; the result is, the “ leaching ” 
process leaves very little that is valuable. We 
should shelter our manure with as much care 
as we do our hay, our grain, or our cattle— 
or ourselves, we are induced to add for the ben¬ 
efit of certain latitudinarians. This may be 
accomplished by feeding under cover (in good 
racks of course,) and by constructing tempora¬ 
ry or permanent shelters to protect what it is 
necessary to throw out of stables and other 
places where stock is kept. Straw and refuse 
hay are not much injured by exposure and 
may be thrown out for awhile, except what is 
wanted for bedding. 
We should also regularly and systematically 
use some absorbent to take up any gases that 
might otherwise escape, and also the liquid 
manure. The writer annually uses considera¬ 
ble quantities of pulverized charcoal and plas¬ 
ter for these purposes, having in the fall litter¬ 
ed the sheds and yards with leaves from the 
woods. Muck, particularly if well dried, and 
rotten wood, are also valuable absorbents. 
Great care should be taken to preserve 
horse and sheep manure from loss, as fermenta¬ 
tion takes place rapidly. For this purpose 
very little litter should be mixed with them,— 
absorbents liberally applied, and the manure 
packed hard by letting animals tread upon it. 
Horse manure should always be thrown out 
under a shed and spread where the cattle can 
pick out the hay and straw, (as they will do, 
if not bountifully fed,) and mix their own dung 
with it. If care is taken to prevent the accu¬ 
mulation of straw and hay w here sheep are 
kept, their manure packs so a? to exclude the 
air and decomposition does not take place.— 
In no case should we neglect to use absorbents 
sufficient to dry up liquid manure and retain 
it; in this form it is most economically applied 
to the laud. “ Tanks and conduits ” may suit 
the taste of other people, but Americans will 
be slow to adopt them. 
No fears need be entertained as to the 
profitable use of long or unfermented manures. 
Cart them out in the spring, and plow them 
under without delay and with the least possi¬ 
ble exposure, and plant the ground to corn— 
a crop, the value of which is but just begin¬ 
ning to be appreciated. The ground will then 
be in order for whatever succeeding crops it is 
desirable to raise, provided the supply of ma¬ 
nure was abundant enough. Especially if the 
ground is cold and heavy, there is a very great 
benefit from the decomposition of the manure 
in the soil. 
The practice of heaping manures up to 
waste through the summer, has been wisely 
abandoned by many who hav e ti ied it. but w e 
are not all careful 'enough to make a general 
clearing out in the-spring. 
Hog pens should be liberally supplied with 
1 muck, sods, and other absorbents, and the hen¬ 
roost should not be neglected. n. t. b. 
When spring comes every good farmer will 
have a plot or field garden, where he can prof¬ 
itably apply all the manure he can save or 
make during the winter. Every shovelful 
of manure, judiciously applied, will increase 
the amount of his harvest. Now is the time 
to think of this, and ffiaake arrangements and 
preparations, and act accordingly. 
.>• 4 . * essarily a large proportion of “ long manure 
(lb D Ut lit tt ll It it X1 0 ll 5 , i. e. straw or stalks partly or wholly in an un- 
r,rK.-'.i'.ri.''.r , decomposed state. My own course has been to 
ECONOMICAL APPLICATION « MASlTtE. t0 "V «*» P' 01 !? hl the , 
%rmtltitral IHkdfsinj). 
The Wool Grower and Stock Register 
just before plowing, then with a good sward f or January—the initial number of the Sev- 
STILTON CHEESE. 
A correspondent of the Germantown Tele¬ 
graph writes to tha paper, giving the follow¬ 
ing description of the Stilton cheese which we 
By manure is intended the common barn- plow completely put it out of s.ght, at a depth e nth Volume — exhibits improvement in both c T.' entire mi the b^i.ent of on re .t 
yard manure in a Cue and partially fermented of from C to 10 inches, according to dream- nrnlter and manner, it will hereafter com. 
state. Without stopping to discuss the ques- stances. There I allow it to lay .MM prise two volumes annually, commencing with * iSers Ure> Kng | and , 
tion how plants receive their nourishment, a full twelve-month by which tune it.via re January and July, at 50 cents a volume cm?I w j icre j* s reputation was such that it sold for 
whether wholly through the fibrous extremi- fully decomposed, and the soil has retained the a year. We quote from the January number a long time for half a crown per pound. lam 
ties of the roots or not, we lay it down as a valuable gases evolved in its decomposition. two or three items relative to the objects, and not aware that any attempts have as yet^ been 
maffim that when a small quantity of manure It may be urged in opposition to this course management of the work — a-3 follows : made to produce Stilton cheese in the United 
of the above description, is applied at the time that the crop does not get the benefit of the „ The w . G . & S. R. has attained a repute- |SSa, hS manulctured ftof'a’qmHt^said 
of sowing, or planting, it should be placed di- manure the season it is applied, ibis ■ grant . tion a nd circulation which render it a standard tQ be j to that made iu the mo ther land, 
rectlv under and a little deeper than the proper But in return we get it the next season when National Journal. Having ardent friends and qq ier0 a pp ears to be nothing very peculiar in 
-~ --7—,' . , ■ ’ T Tmm Tan 1855 benefit all, near and distant, who look to its the only thing surprising at all to me is, that 
applied to each lull in the diameter of about I ettle, Lahnv _,_y ’’ ‘" s for advicc or information on the impor- its manufacture has not become, not only corn- 
one foot, will have a better effect than die barn cell . vKs ._ AxsW e U to « B . to” Ut subjects therein discussed. Determined mon, but universal. 
same quantity applied m any other way. Bark ce]]arg are desirable for the following to render the work worth far more than its _ As some of your readers may have a curios- 
We once prepared a piece for corn by pul- lst for their economy. In no other subscription price to any Wool Grower, Breed- ity to know the process, I will give a recapit- 
verizillg to the depth of about 12 inches. A s0 mucll staHe or st Lge room he e, Grozter, Mry ma n_ or PouUry Fancic*. 
part was manured by p.acmg 3 quarts of fine obla ; ned at g0 gma q a cos t. Roofing is the wherever located, \\c re,,pec u y a., v . > 1 t jj e details, having.lived many years on a 
manure under each hill. On the other part , ., _ + „„„„„„*■ port and encouragement, of a.l into whose ~ , ghh™ moon nf 1 liA first, flllfllitv. 
manure under each hill. On the other part 
the same kind and quantity of manure was 
used, but it was spread broadcast and thor¬ 
oughly mixed with the soil, the treatment in 
most costly part of building, at present prices. 
Shingles are $4 per M. here, while tin, zinc 
or slating are more expensive still. To place 
a 30 by 40 foot barn on a substantial wall, 
port and encouragement* ol all 11 
hands this number may be p’aced. 
farm where Stilton cheese, of the first quality, 
was the principal dairy product. By way of 
other respects being similar. ^ The result was geven feet costme $26 for masonry ; $10 
that the part manured in the hill yielded over 
sixty bushels per acre, and the other about 
forty-five. 
There are elevated situations in some of the 
central counties of New York in which corn 
was formerlv considered an uncertain crop, 
“Most of our subscribers, who mention the premising, allow me to say that I am assured 
subject, concur in the increase in the price of that the excellencies of this' cheese have by 
the W. G. & S. It. One gentleman, at the close no means been exaggerated. The entire pro¬ 
of a business letter says:—‘ I am not surprised duct'of the very extensive dairy of which lie 
for lime, and $36 for stone, sand and attend- ^ cb more for the paper, and think j was honored with the general supervision, sold 
ance. The $12 gives me stable room for six- havc done right in making the change in ; ordinarily for about double the P rice ot 
teen bead of cattle, and a mple space for stor- 1*** 
„ , . .. -i mi , ; , ,, , -l regular uus turners uiiun uiu u juu 
age of roots and cutting ieed. ihis stable it >vi n be cheap at the increased price, and j a ° d not infrequently took it in its immature 
never needs repairs. therefore, notwithstanding I have paid in ad- gtate> or before jt h a d become sufficiently ripe 
2d. For their comfort. Cattle are as com- vance for the volume ending with the June | 0 c . ub f -will now proceed to give his direc- 
but owing to the improved system of manur- ^ ortab j c - m stable as they could be in the number, I enclose $1 to pay you the increased tions in the fewest possible words: 
ing there are now perhaps less failures than in j u;ie _ T p at stab i e never f reez es. P rice for tw0 co P ies of Yolume Scven -’ ” The night’s cream, without any portion of 
any other crop grown. It it true the fields Everyway it takes less food to keep “inconsequence of the unavoidable delay of the skimmed milk, is put to the milk of the 
are not so extensive as in many other places, ’ . . d t have the cli . of this number —and the fact that most of its next morning, and if cheese of a superior de¬ 
but the yield per acre will compare favorably / f ’. ... ' ra , * _ d ;f contemporaries are issued the first of the month scnption and richness is desired, an additional 
out yiem pu acre 1 _ f mate to contend with or counteract. And it ^ concludcd to publish the W. G. & allowance of cream is afforded, mixed with a 
a ; S. R., hereafter, on the fifteenth of each month, little sweet butter. The rennet, without any 
t, ’ , tl tl coloring, is then put m, and when the curd has 
As many of our subscribers also take otlici _ „ V- , _Wm. 
Dut tne yieitt per acTe 3 mate to contend with or counteract. And if allowance of cream is afforded, mixed with a 
with almost any section m the L nion. It will ^ seyen fcet high) and furnished with win- ^ «™fifteenth of each month little sweet butter. The rennet, without any 
be recollected that the premium of ten dollars dows f or admitting a sufficient supply of light, ' L ’ , n n i 0 take other coloring, is then put in, and when the curd has 
once offered by Judge B«t for teost prof- " b “S for horses as for auy other t t ttly f* removed without beiug 
Umto ’ Ste,e3 ’ • «'• Cananiai^, N. Y. pr ” but be',,referred by the 
was taken in Otsego County. 
Because the roots of plants under favorable 
circumstances sometimes extend to a great 
Aside from having barns well built, I think j generality of readers. Extraordinaries except 
where it is pressed by means of weights until 
the whey is completely expelled. It is then put 
convenience an essential thing to be secured, ed, our next, and subsequent issues, will be w jth a clean cloth into a hooped chcssart, (mould) 
from a soil three feet deep a3 from one of ten ; 
so that the extra extension of roots is of no 
practical value whatever. 
It will not be forgotten that we are speak- 
makes an excellent place for storing 
plements. One intended for stabling should mostly different in contents and objects. Eve- 
have uo end walls, if possible, but let the main ry line or article copied from the Ruhau, is re- 
wall extend some dislance beyond the building, set he same as though tdaen from a journal 
a rc-rrmr or ,ne » .c cracking. When the Jheese is dried tolerably 
mostly different in contents and objects. Eve ^ cloft b removodi a „d 110 farther care 
ry line or article copied from the iUhai., is ic . g re q U j red) except turning it daily and occa- 
set the same as though taken from a journal gjonally brushing the surface. 
. . n_ j J ° __ ... 
The floors over the stable should be tight, 
published a thousand miles distant.’ 
The cheese is never large, seldom weighing 
ing of the economical use of manure—where . nrovent the ammonia from iniuring i Specimen numbers of the W. G. & S. R. more than ten or twelve pounds, yet it requires 
* , • _ WHICH W1U previra me auimuiiid, uum i .juiiii B . remora nf twn to its AvfiAllPTmioa. and brinff 
There is some difficulty it is true, in following 'hand^ for 11 watering stock,”a~ cTstern to s - K - to a, U Rural, subscriber for 75 cents. and the" table of the fastidious epicure, they 
the above rule when crops are sown broadcast, catcll ‘ t]l / wa i er from the roof is very conveni- "-i T oft f n P la ? ed in wa ™> dam P ce J| ars ’ w \ iere 
k„+ mnd lrind« nf orain can be nlanted either Ca C ‘ ‘ . , , . ,, n Slaughtering Sheep for their pelts has the putrelactive process is often quite rapid, or 
, rffls^Id tto saviug o mal“ a CTt ' “ d 1M>t eV™"*- 3 - °- C °- been carried ou to a large exteut in many por- they' arc even trapped in strong paper and 
m hills or drills, and the saving or manure ana K y . * sunk in hot beds which prepares them much 
more abundant yield, will well repay the extra - tions of the u mon, during tne past lew monins. ^ ^ 
they can be by the former pro- 
trouble, if any, for so doing. c. Kentucky blue grass — inquiry. it is to be regretted that so many fine flocks ^ Tbe gha • of these cheeses bears little 
. _- Eds. Rural :—The Kentucky blue grass, is B hould be sacrificed, and so many farmers resem bi ance to that of the common kinds, 
STTST1TUTES FOR THE WHEAT CROP, represented to be a most valuable variety in should get out of the business of wool growing, pressed in wide hoops—being that of a sugar 
‘ * _ ’ its native state, and to combine nearly all of f or certain we are, that it will not be long be- loaf, though somewhat less lengthy and of lar- 
Mr. Moore :—I see one of your corres- the most desirable qualities; giving a thick f ore the business will pay as well as most, if ger diameter, 
pondents asks what the farmers in the wheat fine growth of very nutritious herbage, and no t all, kinds of farming. If other localities ~Z 
region are to turn their attention to, in case of keeping green later in the season than other have lost sheep in the same proportion with Good Advice.—T he life oi the farmer who 
the total failure of the wheat crop, from the varieties. Has this variety of grass been in- Western New York, the clip next spring will o^ru^ndependence and the’hffihest vir'- 
infliction of the weevil or other causes. It is troduced in Western New York? Has its be reduced nearly one-half—certainly one-third. ^ stick to the land, and invest your money 
rather a new subject, and has not as yet seri- cultivation been successful? If so to what Should the midge trouble the wheat as bad jf y OU have any, in your farming business, re- 
ously engaged the thoughts and calculations of kind of soil is it adapted ? this season as last, farmers will be compelled mcm bcring that the, prayer “ let me be quick- 
the farming community. There is no doubt I would like to have you, or some one of to resort to sheep again, as the best substitute ly rich,” is seldom answered, and if ever, often- 
such a contingency is at hand, and that it will your numerous correspondents, communicate for grain growing. “ ^ 
make a great hole in our profits and m the through the Rcn*i. such information as will--,--r-, . Zjfcthe nature of things, be but 
value of real estate, and it will become an agi- enable your readere to determine its value as a That New Fence, Again.—I n our descrip- occagi()Ral ' with all that reasonable beings 
tating question, how those who owe for land farm crop in the Genesee Valley.—A. Blake, tion of Prindi.e’s new Hurdle Fence, in last caR ag ] b j ct oul . f arm ers be contented with 
Durchased at extravagant prices, are to meet Peoria, N. Y., Jan, 19th, 1855. week’s Rural, there were some accidental their condition, and not envy the rich man his 
I _ - ,1 V . P. -— . . . •_X * t rrr. ...11 X> !„ Xl._ nf Tirnolr Woltfm 
contented with 
to demand, from any crop toy can raise for Fx^-In your paper of ^m 25 to 40 
The wheat region, I conceive, can never be- Jan. ).»i, f 0 ° feet of timber is required," should have been 
come much ol a dairy country The land is “ a ^ rE , tot 0 xe» arc’ the added "per rod ” (as some mighMnfer per 
not freely enough watered, and the soil is not . . , ,i 1 -i s panel.) Also the remark the weight alone 
natural to the right kind of grasses, and to ^ keeps'it together,” should have read, -the 
week’s Rural, there were some accidental tb eir condition, and not envy the rich man his 
omissions the most important of which we gold for in the language of lzaak Walton, 
now correct After the words “ from 25 to 40 which we quote from memory, “ The cares 
feet of timber is required,” should have been that bo the keys that keep those riches, hang 
leet ot tinnier is requi eu, heavy at the rich man’s girdle, and clog him 
arlrWl rcr rod ” fas some might inter per __ „ lw q nio-Lta ” _ N. V 
•If • 1* UCilVy cl b LHC I IVU iliun D . 
»me might mei }e W ^ 1 wear y days and restless nights.”— N.E. 
x “ the weight alone -parmer. 
ltmd cost too much to be used as pasture only. 
It is the rolling, hilly, cheap land, that suc¬ 
ceeds best in dairy products. We can do some- 
The yoke costs but a trifle in companion ti keeps it together ” should have read, "the -.... - 
wuies for horses. 2d, Oxen are not liable ^peof posts, and meta connection .combine Cecity op( ^xsa-Atox.24wnehesby 
harnesses for horses. 2d, Oxen are not liable 
to so many accidents as horses are, where it is 
with the weight and angle of the fence to sus- inches square, and 28 inches deep, will con- 
ccous ™ “j --v h——• " - ;; ‘" x " d rough and rocky. 3d, If an ox gets hurt he tam lt/ ’_-A box 24 inches square, and 14 ine 
thing at raising .. , 1 ^ t can be fattened for beef, which is not the .case r Go Ag - Xj Society.— At the recent will contain half a barrel. 
bagas to feed them-corn and potatoes to eat owns a smoot h, . ih « milnwin, offi- A box 12 inches by 11,02 inches 
tain a barrel, (5 bushels.) 
A box 24 inches square, and 14 inches deep 
bagas to feed them—corn and potatoes to eat, 
sell and fatten pork,—Mediteranean wheat, 
oats, barley, and beans, and fruit ol all kinds. 
We can* do well with sheep and wool, and 
with the horse. If a farmer owns a smooth, annua] meeting in Batavia, the following offi- I A box iz 
level farm, I should not doubt but a horse team c ^ we elec(ed for the ensuing year :—Hon. j and ^? ree 11 
would be the best, let it be where it would, for H ^ SopER) p ve pt., and four Y. Pres’ts.; ^ box 8 j 
A box 12 inches by 11,02 inches square, 
and three inches deep, will contain hah a 
inches by 8,04 inches square, will 
perhaps borses and tot is about to “ end of 0» *«* could be done much more speedy 0ltiDSCEl KniK1I1M , of Batavia, Treasurer; contain one peck. 
to worsted ” except that we can and must rte than with oxen, and probably Mr. Comstock s T gcc . y , a n d an Executive Com- A box 8 inches by 8 inches square; and 4,- 
towoi.te, . 1 ,, pianos if we have farm was one of the last description, as it is in mtttee of one from each town. It is proposed 02 inches deep, wi! contain one gallon, 
trench our expenses—sell our pianos n we nave w w r r,Tn-n 1855 miueeui r A box 7 inches by 8 inches square, and 4,8 
any, our top buggys, and go to meeting iu our a g ood stale - R ‘ - *' " ‘ to prepare a permanent Fair ground at 1 ala- wiU con t aiu half a gallon. 
farm wagons on pole springs—give up tea, S PBIN g Wheat.— Inquiry .—Has any reader via, and a meeting is called at that place on A box 4 inches by 4 inches square, and 4,0) 
coffee and° tobacco—wear homespun and stogy of the Rural had experience in spring wheat the 20 inst., to take this and other subjects in- inc]ies Jeep, will contain one quart.— Farmer's 
boots—eat Jonny-cake, pork and potatoes, and tbe p as j- season —whether or no it may be in- to consideration. Journal. 
nut up with some hardships during the preva- : urc j bv the' weevil? In this part none has ^ , , 
lence of this pestilence—curtail and bobtail all been raised. If it can be raised, what is the Transactions of the AMI !® IIiE , 0 ^ emdains^ilTs l^^ubffiTncies” 
superfluous expenditures, and with a conscience best quality , and where it can be had, and at ciety.—W e have receive eopi_ The Winchester, (American) bushel contains 
void of offence, ask a blessing of the Giver of what price?— P. V., Parma, N. Y., Jan., 1855. for 1853, and 54, from L. W etherell, E q cubic inches. 
all good. That is what I am bound to do, 
though I expect to run the risk of having my Bri 
head°combed with a three-legged stool by the might 
women and boys ; but “ necessity knows no then a 
master.” It is omnipotent. Prompter. busme 
Bushels. —The Imperial (English) bushel, 
contains 2,218,192 cubic inches. 
The Winchester, (American) bushel contains 
2,150,42 cubic inches. 
An English Quarter of wheat is eight im¬ 
perial bushels ol 70 pounds each, equal to 9)£ 
American bushels of 60 pounds each .—Farmer 
and Planter. 
CONDENSED CORRESPONDENCE. 
unfermented manure. 
' Much has been said and written on the best 
course of applying unfermented manures—how 
to use them so as to save all the valuable 
W11 til TJTlUC.- X • V .. JL Ur# //£(*• -L'• -L i/u/i.jiuuw. . . _-I ' CUU1G 
--- of Amherst, Mass. They contain many a - An English Quarter of wheat is eigl 
Draining Tile — Answer. —R. Cottell, O., a bi e papers, from which we shall give some ex- bushels ol 70 pounds each, equal t 
might better spend a year in a brick yard and | rac [ s fiereafter. American bushels or 60 pounds each .—Fc 
then another in a tile yard, before he starts the- '""1, ~ ,,, \ and Planter. 
business on his own hook. Then, with im- The “Transactions of the Essex (Mass.) -————-~ 
Droved machinery, he will make money. If ho Ag. Society, for 1854,” m a handsome pain- Oxxadiah Whbat Chop poo. 1854.- 
make «i'of common Cay, L with- 1 phlet ^ have "ived^m Hm,. 
out experience, he will lose money.— g. w. g. John Vv . 1 ro » . ’ ‘ ted that a third more was sown last yeai 
- shall refer to it more at length in future. nat . 
Warts on Cows Teats.—I havc a very 
valuable four year old cow, whose teats have 
Bremen and Hong Kong Eggs. 0. oiiar.’, 
rs = 00 ^ with hard warts. If you or or any others, can douhtless obtain eggs of 
uio vtuudUJC .• Li I1ion> opaanri ! 1 he 
Canadian Wheat Crop for 1854—The 
wheat crop of Upper Canada will for exceed 
that of any year in its amount. It is estima¬ 
ted that a third more was sown last year than 
the year before, and it all looks flourishing.— 
The surplus last year is estimated at 7,000,000 
bushels. This year it is calculated the surplus 
will reach 11,000,000 bushels. Estimating 
> use them so as to ad me vamame • correspondents can inform me how these varieties of Geese, in their season; the the price at only $1,50 per bushel, it gives the 
roperties particularly the ammonia evolved any of your w firgt of N . Morgan, Victor, the latter of G. | farmers $17,000,000 for wheat alone, for a for- 
i fermentation. I will give you toy own to cm-c them it would confer a favor.-J. W. , I eign market, 
mrse. On grain growing farms there is nec- S., Fly Creek, Otsego Co., A. Y. • ’ c “ 
. .. 
