I JjM.MW'W'UH, 
.M.Mil'hMi'M't/ 1 
Mil'K'U'WM.C 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
39 
SJKWWW/VS* 
>.«*! i-.w"r.«'<jufjr»nCT!ir- xi«»:t..- it.’Mkx^wr;^* ^viu^atT.xMrionrar.rc*: ji 
•njjarfo ait& (iarkit 
HINTS AND GLEANINGS. 
THE LAWTON BLACK B E IU 
How Soon can ws get Apples?—A cor¬ 
respondent of the N. E. Farmer, in answer to 
this question, says that five years ago next 
spring, he planted one hundred apple trees— 
good trees on a good soil—and has tried to 
give them a fair chance to grow, but as yet 
has not seen over forty or fifty apples. Fart 
of his trees were large and part small—but 
the smallest have done the best—the largest 
tree in his orchard now, was one of the least 
.when planted. Is this the usual experience? 
Depth vs. Drouth. —We frequently come 
across facts with a bearing on this case. Mr. 
Hall, of Bradford, at the first Legislative 
Agricultural Meeting in Boston, said he visit¬ 
ed a New Bedford nursery last summer, and 
found the young trees, particularly the pears, 
in a remarkably thrifty state, large and vigor¬ 
ous. He asked the proprietors if they did not 
manure highly, and was told that they did not; 
but instead, double trenched all their ground. 
It is an expensive process, costing $200 per 
acre. A few weeks since he again saw one of 
the proprietors of the nursery, and inquired 
about the drouth in his vicinity. He said it 
was very severe, but he could not perceive that 
it had injured his nursery much if any. 
Cork Dust for Packing Apples. —The j 
last Report of the Mass. ITort. Society says 
that A. W. Stetson, of East Bramtree, has 
shown some fine specimens of apples, at a very 
late period in the season, kept in the following 
manner : Take the fruit from the tree by 
hand, wrap it in thin shoe or tea paper, and 
pack it in cork dust—costing $1,25 per bar¬ 
rel. One barrel of dust is sufficient for four 
barrels of fruit. The fruit must be sound and 
not over ripe, and the barrels kept in a cool 
place, (it is of no consequence whether damp or 
dry,) and the apples will retain their flavor six 
or eight weeks longer than the ordinary way. 
The cork dust will remain efficient for years. 
The Greening on a Sweet Stock. —Some 
varieties of apples are considerably influenced 
by the stocks upon which they are grafted.— 
Mr. Eaton, of Buffalo, iu the late Proceedings 
of the Am. Pomological Society, says: “ I 
have observed the Rhode Island Greening to 
change its character much when worked on a 
sweet stock. It becomes more highly colored, 
being often a beautiful yellow, with a red 
cheek, and loses much of its acidity, becoming, 
however, more tasteless when kept late than is 
usual. The difference is so marked that it has 
been considered a distinct variety. It is, how¬ 
ever, beyond a doubt, occasioned by tlic influ¬ 
ence of the stock, as lias been proved by ex- 
. periment.” 
Lusus Nature.—M r. IE L. Achilles, of 
Albion, brought a curious specimen of an ap¬ 
ple into our office last week. Three-quarters 
of it is a regular English Russet, having noth¬ 
ing remarkable in its appearance, but the other 
fourth is a distinct and separate kind, bearing 
something of a resemblance to a Pippin, tho’ 
with a redder cheek. The union of the two 
species is clearly defined, and looks as if a sec¬ 
tion of the original fruit had been cut away and 
the latter inserted. The tree was a Russet, and 
there was no other of any kind within eight 
rods distance. 
This is a new and entirely distinct variety of the 
blackberry—the first improvement, we have reason to 
believe, which'has ever been discovered or obtained of 
this plant. In the township, o: New Rochelle, where 
it originated, not a single plant has been found similar 
to it growing wild, although all the common varieties 
abound there. Its size and qua by do not depend upon 
careful cultivation, but wherever the common kinds 
will thrive, this may be had in perfection. It grows 
tall and upright, frequently ten feet or more in height; 
and the flower, leaf, and stalk being proportioned to 
the size of the fruit, and always healthy and free from 
blemish, it is an embellishment to the garden. 
The stalks which shoot up from the roots during the 
summer, bear fruit the ensuing year, and die iu the 
autumn. This natural arrangement for re production 
is most beautiful, 'i he stalks, heavily lace i with 
many hundred berries, would be exposed to the sun, 
ripen the fruit prematurely, and perish early in tbc 
season ; but being protected by the new shoots, they 
continue to yield fruit daily for six or eight weeks. 
Singular, if True.— A subscriber, residing 
in this county avers that his brother, Amos 
Twitchell, of Andover, Ashtabula Co., 0., 
has an apple tree which produces fruit but 
never blossoms. Tho tree has been in bearing 
from ten to fifteen years. It is a good-sized, 
fair apple. 
Guano for Melons. —We had a very fine 
melon patch which was well nigh destroyed by 
the striped bug. The vines had just com¬ 
menced running, and in two or three days the 
bugs had stripped' nearly every leaf. As a 
desperate remedy, we applied a handful of gu¬ 
ano on top of the hill as far as the vines had 
run, taking care that it did not fall on the 
leaf. In twenty-four hours not a bug was to 
be seen; the vines assumed a healthy and vig¬ 
orous appearance, and were loaded with 
fruit. This experiment was not on one vine 
only, but hundreds. 
Dr. Kirtland’s Cherries.— We are asked 
for the result of .another year’s experience with 
Dr. Kirtland’s cherries. * We have had no re¬ 
sults from other parties, and for our own part 
wc have nothing to add to what we have al¬ 
ready said in regard to them, not having had 
any other varieties in bearing. The Gov. 
Wood, Doctor, Cleveland Bigarreau, Rod-port 
Bigarreau, and Ohio Beauty, are all we have 
tested, and they are all good; the first the best, 
and one of tho very best of all cherries.— 
Horticulturist. 
Beesi and Fruit Trues. —A writer in a 
literary journal of Paris, states that the bees 
greatly improve the fructification of fruit trees. 
Orchards in which several hives are kept, al¬ 
ways produce more fruit than those iu which 
there arc none. In the Provinces on T .* 
bluiie, tho fruits are more abundant and finer 
.th.a i in any other 
it is the custom 
bees, i lauts, to 
bet:or in .10 :-ci ■ 
to keep largo qm 
winch bees vi 
hood of hives. 
nii'ie: 
out of a perpendicular, an 1 as a consequence 
the upper out of coincidence with the lower 
stone; the cumbersome and inconvenient appa¬ 
ratus by which the movement is effected, &c. 
Messrs. Hotchkiss k Sage, as will be seen 
by an advertisement in this paper, are 
manufacturing a patent Tram Block, invented 
by the former gentleman, which does away 
with ail the lumbering arrangement of the old 
system, by means of a neat and substantial 
apparatus combining in its action the princi¬ 
ple# of the lever and screw. The apparatus Is 
simple and effective, never liable to get out of 
repair,' and will last as long as any of the mov¬ 
ing machinery of the mill. 
Medals have been awarded to the inventor 
by the New York State Fair, the American 
Institute, the Maryland Institute, and the 
World’s Fair, at London; and it has never 
been offered for approval at any public ex¬ 
hibition without taking a premium and receiv¬ 
ing the approbation of the examiners.— 
One of these tram blocks has been applied by 
the inventor to a set of stones in the mill of 
Angevine & Co., near the falls in this city, 
where mill owners and others can give it an 
inspection. 
WARNER’S fOimDBFAPPARATIJS. 
V •• •/ -• • ' • -Vv:X. ‘ • 'I 
TI-IE LAWTON BLACKBERRY. 
American Apples. —It is conceded that 
the best apples in the world ere produced in 
the United States, and the be i 'vLiter apples 
grow north of 30 ° north latitude. Within a 
lew years past, several thousands barrels of 
fresh apples have been shipped from New York 
to Liverpool and London, at highly remunera¬ 
tive prices, the best quality, in good condition, 
bringing from eight’to ten dollars a barrel, 
and in some instances, even twenty dollars a 
barrel. The charges for freight, by clipper 
ships, arc from 30 to 50 cents a barrel.— 
Steamers charge from $2 to $3.— Ex. 
EARLY CUCUMBERS. —FORCING, fore, looking thrifty, I took them up and reset 
-—-- | them properly in their destined bed. As for 
Where the forcing of this vegetable is car-1 the result I can only say, that I never before 
ried on, no time should be lost in making a ! had any of either race that headed so well, 
hot-bed in which to sow the seed. For this j and so uniformly as did these, 
purpose, light vegetable mould is best, placed 
in small pots, into which drop three seeds and 
cover with half an inch of mould. A frame 
with one light will suffice. The- bed may be 
made three feet and a half deep at the back, 
and three feet in front, of the best and hottest 
stable manure that can be obtained. It 
should be made a foot wider than the frame 
all round. Great care should be taken ia the 
selection of the seed, as it is quite as easy to 
grow a good cucumber as a bad one. The 
reason why I say this is, that it is very seldom 
we see a good grown cucumber ; they are gen¬ 
erally very small, and as thick as they are 
long. In fact, the greater part are nothing 
more than ridge cucumbers ; and it is nothing 
unusual to purchase three kinds of seed, and 
to have all turn out the kind I have described. 
They very rarely exceed ten inches in length, 
and it is truly annoying, after growing and 
taking so much trouble with them, to have 
them a disgrace instead of adding credit to the 
gardener. 
The best kinds for forcing are the Victory 
of Bath, and Hunter’s Prolific, which, if pro¬ 
cured true to name, will give perfect satisfac¬ 
tion ; and as under tolerably good cultivation, 
they- will grow from sixteen to twenty-one 
inches in length, they form a marked contrast 
to the diminutive specimens wc are in the 
habit of seeing. A heat from TO 3 to 75° 
should be maintained, never using water low¬ 
er than this temperature. They may be 
sprinkled morning and evening in lino weatliei\ 
Care must be taken that no foul steam, be al¬ 
lowed in the frame. After the seed is up, fur¬ 
ther directions as to their management will be 
forwarded at the proper time. The seed bed 
.may be used for a crop of asparagus or seakale 
after the plants are removed, as there will be 
enough heat left for that purpose.—W. S., in 
American Agriculturist. 
y Av ,*• 
JA 
OLIVE VS. LARD OIL. 
HEADING CABBAGES. 
At a iate meeting of the Farmers’ Club, 
connected with the American Institute, Prof. 
Mapes asserted that what “ wc receive as pure 
olive oil in the market, is nothing more nor 
less than the surplus lard sent by our pork 
merchants to France, where it is transformed 
into the genuine article of sweet oil. and re¬ 
turned to be used at the table of those very 
persons who exported it in the solid state.”— 
This is certainly refreshing information for the 
lovers of pure sweet table oil among us, and 
is no doubt perfectly true. Tv e venture to say 
that one-tenth of the oil sold for that of the 
olive, in our country, is nothing else than 
lard oil. 
Any person can convert the common lard 
oil sold for burning in lamps, into as good 
sweet oil as that which is generally sold for 
olive oil, by the following process: Take, say 
about a quart of the common oil, and place it 
in a clean tin pan, and set it on a stove; bring 
it up to about the heat of scalding water, and 
then add about onc-quarter of an ounce of sal 
soda dissolved in half a tea-cupful of hot water. 
Stir this into the oil for about five minutes, 
then take off the vessel, and allow it to cool. 
When the sediment settles on the bottom of 
the vessel, the clear should be poured off into 
a clean bowl through a white cotton cloth, to 
strain it. The oil obtained by this treatment 
is sweet and pure, excellent for oiling fine 
machinery, and for making perfumed oil for 
ih ■ hair. 
LIST OE PATENTS 
Issued from lue United Stales Patent Office far the two 
week’s ending January 16, 1865. 
improvement in 
I have been troubled much at times with 
the untowardness on the part of my cabbages, 
and cauliflowers as well as broccoli, to form 
their appropriate heads. Conversing on the 
subject some two or three years ago with a 
friend fond of Horticulture, he informed me 
that some one of much practical experience in 
the raising of such vegetables, told him, that 
the way to insure their heading was to trans¬ 
plant them twice, the second transplanting to 
take place at a moderate interval of time after 
the fir'd. The very next year another friend, 
who had been bringing forward many ordinary i Howto do up Shirt il .soms.—W e often 
garden vegetables in a hot bed, sent me a hear ladies express a wish to know by what 
number of well-grown plan: ; both of cauii-! process the gloss on new i ons, shirt bosoms, 
flowers and cabbages when tho- > I had planted j etc., is produced, and in order to gratify them, 
were scarcely above ground. At tho timo Ij we subjoin the following recipe : 
received them. I had not p’o; a red the ground ; Take two ounces or fine white gum arable 
destined for tho reception o t sue;: vegetables, | powder—put it in a pitcher, and pour on a 
and was too busy with other things to do so j pint or more of boiling water, according to the 
forthwith. I accordingly .-truck tie end of a degree of strength you dc.-lsc—and then, hav- 
hoe-blade into a soft well prepared border, and j ing covered it, let it stand all night—in the 
turning the handle down so as to leave a Sfif- morning pour it carefully from tho d. • 
ficient cavity, put the cabbages in. in a bunch 1 ; dean bottle, cork it and keep it for use. A 
Thos IT. Bartow, Lexington, improvement in fire-arm--. 
Jarvis Cam. Springfield, Ohio, improvement in see.I- 
planters. 
John S. Barden, New Haven, for water metre. 
Jotham S. Cor.ant,' New York, improvement in sewing 
machines. 
Win. C. Hooper, of Pittsburg, for bench nlane. 
Edward H. Graham, EidTeford, Me., improvement in 
fire-arms. 
John li. .Allen, Bidteforcl, Me., improvement 'a tem¬ 
ples for looms. 
John S. Addison, New York, improved gold washer 
and amalgamator. 
Alfred C. Garratt, Hanover, Mass., improvements in 
plugs for lubricating axles. 
Michael I). Byott, Philadelphia, improvement in latno 
shades. 
John C. Kline, Pittsburgh, improvement in door-latch 
locks. 
Aruton Smith, Macoupin county. 1:1. 
plows. 
Samuel H. Robinson, Baltimo 
kilns. 
Geo. M. Ramsay, Newark, for moulding machine. 
Alonzo P. Perry, Newark, improvement iu fire-arm-. 
Lucius Paige, Cavendish, Vt., improvement in brake 
blocks for railroad cars. 
•Tno. L. MY Person, New Vicuna, O., improvomciH ki 
scale. 
Hezokiab IT. Smith, Lowell, Improvement in sowing 
machine. 
\:A' 3Ior '°- Rhinobeck. for moulding machine, 
. ■ P. BeckWith, New -London, improventient in 
. 
Abijah It. Tewksbury, Poston, for improved -dce-lP" 
apparatus. 
Parley Hutchins, Norwich, Trass., improved ham l truck. 
0. 15. Judd. Lillie Fails, improvement in grain and 
grass harvesters. 
John A. Pitts. Buffalo, improvement in straw-cutters. 
R. L. Hawes, Worcester, icr machine for making hexes 
of paper. 
Elijah Morgan, Morgantown, Va.. improvement iu seed 
planters. 
Joan F. Masscher, Philadelphia’, for stereoscopic me¬ 
dallion. 
• Hezekiali Conant, Hartford, improvement in moulds 
for casting projectiles. 
• eh’! Sutton. New lork, lubricator for staam -- ■ : -i. - . 
Stephen L. Stockstill and Peter H. Humes. Brandt. 0., 
improvement in seed planters. 
Gustavos Wissenborn, New York, improved arrange¬ 
ment of filtering apparatus to prevent incrustation in 
steam boilers. 
John T. Willmarth. Northbri lge. Mass.; improved dies 
for making bolts. 
Wendell Tv right, New York, Improvement in mode of 
connecting pipes for steam boilers. 
Ambrose Foster, Portland, Wisconsin, and Elizabeth A. 
Massinger, administratrix, and Wtn. Spencer, administra¬ 
tor of John A. Massinger, deceased, of Milwaukie, Wis- 
consin, assignors through said administratrix and admin¬ 
istrator to Ambrose Foster, aforesaid, improved building 
block. 
Wm. Leighton, Cambridge, Mass., assignor to the New 
England Glass Company, of samo place, improvements 
in door knobs. 
re-issue. • 
Jas. Radley and John A . Hunter. New York, improve- 
;. s arresters. Patented Jan. ■>, 15 , 50 . 
This simple and effective apparatus, design¬ 
ed to facilitate the act of moulding, especially 
in those castings which require to be indefin¬ 
itely reproduced, seems to possess qualities 
which entitle it to special and favorable men¬ 
tion among the valuable improvements in la¬ 
bor-saving machinery. Hitherto but very lit¬ 
tle success has attended the inventor, who may 
have sought to introduce new combinations of 
machinery to supercede the slow and tedious 
processes of 'hand moulding. Warner’s appa¬ 
ratus consists of a number of mechanical con¬ 
trivances, which, taken together, make up the 
sum of a very important and useful invention. 
.The first contrivance is for preparing the sknd 
preparatory to placing it in the flask. The 
second consists of a frame and lever-press ar¬ 
rangement for forcing the pattern, with an 
equal pressure, over the entire moulded surface 
into the sand in the flask, removing the same 
without disturbing the form of the mould.— 
This part of the invention is very complete, 
and secures the end sought for in a most satis¬ 
factory manner. The third and best combina¬ 
tion forms an important element in this appa¬ 
ratus. Itis the machine designed to be used in 
the manufacture of cost-iron and gas-pipe hav¬ 
ing small diameters, from three-fourths of an 
inch to three inches. The object is secured so 
perfectly that this kind of pipe, of the most 
even and perfect description, is furnished at a 
cost of less than two mills per running foot for 
the labor of manufacturing, or less than one- 
fifth the cost of hand labor. The inventor is 
from Eastern Pennsylvania, and his foundry 
apparatus will identify his name with the great 
iron interests of that noble State. 
AN OLD SETTLER. 
part'of Germany, and t? > 
as I received them, 
cauliflowers, and O 
About ten days or 
lit: -: g nr 
pivqie. 
plan; 
I did the same with the ] 
■-'A lei'; them iiioir iate. 
a fortnight afu wards, hav- 
> : vi'-A.'-c 
■ file-spoonful of 
starch made in 
' lawn ', either 
v '-8 who 1 iv- 
. .... 
USU: 1 
fie i.-r 
stirred into a pint 
maimer, will give 
primed, a look of 
c' 1 ft 
ore t! 
improvement for flour mills. 
All acquainted with milling-processes, know 
that some mechanical arrangement must be 
adopted for the purpose of elevating and de¬ 
pressing the upper or revolving stone, so as to 
enable the mill to grind coarser or finer ac¬ 
cording to circumstances. Tho old arrange¬ 
ment consists of a cross-beam, one end of 
which is raised by a screw : and on the middle 
of this beam the foot of the revolving spSadie 
rests which supports the stone. There are 
some serious mechanical objections to this ar- 
rangeme , among which may be reckoned the 
clas:ivfiy of the ’• L the tendency in ele- 
vatiinx and depressing to throw the spindle 
The Cleveland Herald contains a notice of 
a locomotive engine, now at the machine shop 
of the “ C. & P. Railroad,” for the purpose of 
undergoing some repairs-—which is worth pre¬ 
serving. The engine is named the McNeil,” 
and is said to be the pioneer locomotive in the 
United States. It was originally imported 
from Liverpool, England, by Messrs. Rogers, 
Ketehum k Grosvenor, celebrated as Locomo¬ 
tive Manufacturers at Patterson, N. J., at a 
cost of upwards of six thousand dollars, and 
was originally used by them as a pattern, and 
improvement, in lime ! although vastly behind the splendid locomo¬ 
tives of the present day, was then regarded as 
the ne plus ultra, both-in style and strength.— 
After being used as a pattern for seme lime, 
the “ McNeill ” commenced running on the 
Patterson and Hudson River Railroad, be¬ 
tween Jersey City and Patterson, in the year 
1828. For years she was considered quite a 
wonder. She was recently purchased of the 
N. Y. k d. R., by Messrs. Atkinson k 
Stidger, of Carrollton, ()., for five hundred and 
fifty dollars, and is to be used on the “ Car- 
roll Branch R. R., a short read of ten and a 
half miles between Carrollton and Oneida.— 
As- she commenced running on tho shores of 
the Atlantic, and is still iu good preservation, 
it would not require a great stretch of the im¬ 
agination to believe the snort of her whistle 
may yet be heard on the shores of the Pacific. 
TRANSMISSION OE SOUND. 
The nearer bells are hung to the surface of 
the earth, other things being equal, the farther 
they can be heard. Franklin has remarked 
that many years ago the inhabitants of Phila¬ 
delphia had a bell imported from England. In 
order to judge of the sound, it was elevated on 
a triangle in the great street oftihat city, and 
struck as it happened, on a market day, when 
the people coming to market were surprised on 
hearing the sound of a bell at a greater dis¬ 
tance! from the city than they ever heard be¬ 
fore. This circumstance excited the attention 
of the curious, and it was ascertained that the 
sound of a bell struck in the street reached 
nearly double the distance it did when.raised 
into the air. In the air sound travels at the 
rate of from 1130 to 1140 feet per second. In 
water. 1708 feet per second. Sounds are dis¬ 
tinct at twice the distance on the water that 
they are 011 the land. 
Eclipses in 1855.—There will be two eclip¬ 
ses of the sun, and two of tho moon, this year, 
as follows:—A total eclipse of the moon, vis> 
ble here, May 1st and 2d, beginning 9 h. 30 
m. P. M., on the 1st, and ending at 1 h. 11 m, 
A. Ml, 0.1 -Iho 2nd. Digits eclipsed 18fi< ca 
the southern limb. A partial eclipse 0 ; the 
sun May 15, invisible here. A total eclipse 
of tie moon, visible here, Oct. 25th,beg': ;1 • • 
0 b. 59 m. A. MV, and ending 4 h. 31 . 
Digits eclipsed 17,fi> on the northern Hi .' 
A partial eclipse of the sun, Nov. 9:b, 
ble here. 
'XjMiMinun.MtMU'lAUA 
. . 
