......... 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
TRANSPLANTING FOREST TREES. 
Messrs. Eds. —I have read with much in- j 
terest in the Rural of the 27th ult., the edito- j 
rial on ornamenting the grounds about our i 
buildings, roadsides, &c., with shade-trees.— j 
Having some practical experience in removing : 
forest trees for the purpose of “ shade and or- j 
nament,” I offer a few suggestions, and de- i 
scribe my method. Wishing to form a screen ! 
from the corner of my house, eastwardly, j 
for the purpose of breaking the force of the I 
Dorth and north-east winds, about eight years ! 
ago I transplanted in the spring of the year a j 
large number of our different kinds of forest 
trees, many of them evergreens. From not 
taking a sufficiency o'f soil about the roots of 
these last named, a large portion of them died 
during the season. 
To supply their places late in autumn, I 
carefully took up, with a ball of earth attached 
to the roots, the hemlock, white, and Norway 
pines, spruce and fir trees, mostly from the 
open ground—in height, ranging from 4 to 8 
feet These trees were left over night, near 
where they were taken up, and upon going for 
them with the wagon the next morning, I 
found the outside of the balls of earth frozen. 
They were placed in the wagon and conveyed 
near the place where wanted, the frozen balls 
of earth remained entire, and were deposited 
in the holes prepared for them, the excavated 
soil placed around them, and a bucket or two 
of water used to each tree to settle the soil 
compactly. Every one survived and grew 
vigorously, and I now have a belt of trees 
about 18 feet in width, and many rods in length 
composed of over thirty kinds of our native 
trees. They make a cool and shady resort in 
summer, break the force of winds and snow in 
winter, and are the admiration of all who see 
them. The outside row of trees, planted on 
the north side, are all evergreens. The south 
side is set out with larch, these shed their leaves 
ia autumn, and consequently let in the 
rays of the sun more freely in the spring, and 
the snow disappears earlier from beneath them 
than if the sun was shut out by ever¬ 
greens ; but as soon as the leaves put out 
they wear the appearance of evergreen trees, 
and keep out the sun during summer. 
Since 1 first planted out trees with frozen 
balls of earth, as described above, I have trans¬ 
planted both late in autumn and early in 
spring, large numbers of forest trees, with 
great success, by taking them up and letting 
them remain till the earth around them was 
frozen upon the surface of the balls of earth 
attached to them. Trees, thus treated, seem 
to scarcely know they have been removed, and 
go right ahead in their new home. My trees* 
except tho outside rows, aro not planted in 
straight lines, but so as to resemble the natu¬ 
ral forest, and this gives an excuse for having 
winding, instead of straight paths through the 
whole length of the belt of trees. From the 
numerous birds that frequent and build in our 
grove each summer, 1 am more thau compen¬ 
sated for the time and labor expended in set¬ 
ting out the trees. May other farmers go and 
do likewise. l. b. 
January, 30, 1865. 
Jecijamc %xh, fa. 
o 
LIST OF PATENTS 
from th>: Unitel Slate PaJ^nX Office /or the week 
ending January 23, 1866, 
PRACTICAL 
APPLICATION OF 
TRIG LIGHT. 
47 
THE ELEC- 
Win. M. Bon will, Camden 
idal trasses. 
Wm. F. Shuw, Boston, improved gas heater. 
Solomon G. Booth, New York, improvement in rollers 
for corrugating sheet metal. 
TWO GOOD FALL APPLES. 
Abovb we give outlines of two well-known 
fall Apples, both excellent varieties in most 
localities, though they are not produced in 
perfection in some sections where they have j 
be profitable for market. “ Very large, round¬ 
ish, oblong, color greenish until fully ripe, 
when it becomes a clear, rich yellow.” 
Westfield Seek-no-further. — This, like the 
been tried. We think our correspondent. | fall pippin, is classed with autumn apples, 
speaks none too highly of their merits. The j although it is strictly an early winter fruit— 
larger is the Pippin. Eds. j coming into eating in December, and keeping 
until March. For those who do not relish a 
decidedly acid apple, this is very desirable. It 
is crisp, juicy and slightly acid, with a very 
fine flavor. It is a good strong grower, form¬ 
ing a fine, round and symmetrical head, and, 
when well cultivated, very productive. It is 
Fall Pippin .—This is classed with autumn 
apples by Pomologists, but can be kept with¬ 
out difficulty until February. Its season is 
from the first of November to the first of 
February. There is little difference of opinion 
as to its merits. -As a desert fruit it is unsur¬ 
passed—tender, juicy and sprightly, with a 
rich, aromatic flavor, truly delicious. The 
tree is a strong and rapid grower, and a fair 
bearer, and deserves a place in every collec¬ 
tion, though it does not bear well enough to 
not as marketable as the Esopus Spitzenburgh 
but is fully as fine flavored. “ Largish, nearly 
round, sometimes slightly conical, skin dull 
red over a pale, clouded green ground, and 
sprinkled with obscure russety dote.” r. u. w. 
RENOVATING AN APPLE TREE. 
Genesee Valley Hort. Society. — The 
annual meeting of the Horticultural Society 
of the Valley of the Genesee, is to bo held at 
the Court House, in this city, on Saturday 
the 10th, inst. A winter exhibition of fruit 
will be given at the same time and place, to 
which contributions are invited 
GROWING ONIONS. 
Mr. Morgan, of Vt., writes the follow¬ 
ing letter to Mr. Barrett, editor of the Mid¬ 
dlesex Register, from which we copy: 
Notwithstanding wo were informed, imme¬ 
diately after our fair at your place last fall, 
that“ onions were voted out of civilized socie¬ 
ty,” I am very often asked how it is that I 
succeed in raising this vegetable. Now it 
may seem strange to some that I should take 
such au interest in the cultivation of onions. 
The truth is, I have but a little laud and am 
compelled to make the most of it. 1 have 
raised at the rate of 700 bushels to the 
acre; not that 1 have ever raised an acre 
in one year. So far as there is any secret 
about the matter, I am willing all my neigh¬ 
bors should know it. My neighbor, Mr. Dean, 
raised the last summer, from this kind, at the 
rate of 800 bushels to the acre. And he thinks 
that if the ground is rightly managed it may¬ 
be made to bear more than 1,000 bushels to 
the acre. 
1 st. I never put on green manure but al¬ 
ways rotted, the former being much more liable 
to bo magotty. Besides, well rotted manure 
is always better adapted and more available 
for present use. 
2d. Throw on occasionally a little salt, now 
and then take a mixture of ashes and plaster, 
sow on the bed. Do it tho first time, when 
you have done sowing the first seed. And 
then while the vegetable is growing, while the 
dew is on, or when it ha3 just been wet with 
a shower, throw your plaster and ashes into 
the air, and let it fall in a fine dust all over 
your onion bed. 
As near as I can calculate, we need about 
four bushels of the top onion seed to the acre. 
The seeds are from the bigness of a pea to that 
of a dove’s egg. 
On my farm there is an apple tree of very 
large size, standing by the side of the road, 
but some two rods within the line of the fence, 
and in lands that have been cultivated regu¬ 
larly, either in roots, grass, or grains, till with¬ 
in a period of twelve years, when a change in 
my field operations induced me to turn it out 
to pasture. Some twenty years since—and 
about six years before I became acquainted 
with it—this tree rather abruptly ceased bear¬ 
ing. Its age at the time was unknown. Think¬ 
ing that it might be resuscitated, I commenced 
the undertaking by digging around the trunk 
to the distance of the longest limbs, and to 
the depth of one foot, inverting the sward, and 
placing it over the roots and in immediate 
contact with them. On this sward, I sowed 
quick lime, wood ashes and gypsum — one 
bushel of each being used—and covered it 
with chaffed oat straw to the depth of two 
inches, where compressed; fine soil was then 
thrown on till the excavation was nearly filled; 
after which a cart-load of fine compost was 
dumped on and evenly spread over the whole. 
The dead limbs were next cut out, and the 
top reduced to one-half its former size. The 
cavities caused by the falling off of old and 
decayed limbs, (two cases extended nearly to 
the centre of the trank,) were filled with “For¬ 
syth’s Cement,” and all the limbs which could 
bo reached, or safely got at in any way, were 
scraped and washed with suds. This work 
was performed in the spring of 1850. The 
next year the tree blossomed, and produced a 
few apples, which matured. The next season, 
the bearing was abundant, and since then, it 
has not ceased to produce a good crop. The 
apples are of inferior quality, and I shall now 
graft it, as it has produced fine wood for the 
operation, care having been taken to remove 
all limbs which tended to destroy the symme¬ 
try of the top, as well as the old wood, as fast 
as it could be replaced by new.— Cor. Ger¬ 
mantown Telegraph. 
cisely in what row, and what part of the row 
the scion, graft, or tree is located. 
A memorandum should he kept of the num - 1 for Btair? - 
ber of grafts you have of each variety, then 
you will know how much land will be wanted 
in the nursery for their reception. It is the 
practice of some to first plant their root grafts 
in a bed, and the second year transplant into 
the nursery rows. 
Gardeners should be preparing for early 
spring- work. See that the hot-bed frames are 
all m good order. Start one or more beds for 
early radishes, lettuce, cucumbers and early 
cabbage. J 
Fruit trees and shrubbery may be pruned 
this month if necessary to ‘do it before the 
more hurrying times come on.— Mich. Far. 
IfimeAfk 
OPERATIONS FOR FEBRUARY. 
Nurserymen will be busy this month col¬ 
lecting scions of fruit trees, cuttings of cur¬ 
rants, gooseberries, <fec. If any grapes remain 
unpruned it would be well to prune them this 
month. 
fcCRAPPLE. —I observe a call for a recipe 
for making “ Scrapple,” and some other home¬ 
ly dishes. Here is one that has been a favor¬ 
ite, with two generations. 
Boil two or three pig’s “ faces,” a liver, 
chine-bones, &c., (or omit the liver, if you 
choose,) till the meat comes off the bone 3 and 
will pick to pieces readily. Take out the 
meat, and half thicken the liquid with Indian 
meal, which allow to boil, whilst you pick the 
meat off the bones, and chop the liver fine; 
then return the meat &c., into the pot, and 
stir in buckwheat flour, till it is thick as thick 
mush. This done, season the mixture with 
pepper, salt and powdered sage, and put it into 
pans to cool. Next morning, fry it brown 
in slices, axd see if your children will not de¬ 
cide that the “ waste is the best after all.”_ 
E., Wdlsboro ’ Pa., Feb. 5. 1855. 
Pel., hnprovotnent In Jher- 
Georgo A. brown, Middletown, It. I for hay-making 
machine. ’ ’ * 6 
Henry J. Brunner, Nazareth, for improved Instrument 
for cutting out stone. 
Poster H. Chamberlain and John Hartshorn, Boston, 
improvement in rollers for curtains. 
George R. Comstock, Manheim, N. Y.. Improvement in 
carriage seats. 
George R. Comstock. Manheim, N. Y., improvement in 
carriages. 
James Eccles, Philadelphia, improvement in looms. 
Henry A. Frost, Worcester, Improvement in means for 
holding window blinds. 
Louis Francis Groebl. Philadelphia, for improved mar 
quetry. 
Michael Greenbaum, Chicago, for improved hot air 
furnacee. 
Win. H. Harn, Carlisle, Pa., Improved mill for cutting 
and grinding vegetables. 
Wm. Ives, Buffalo, for book brace. 
Samuel O. Jones, Fitzwater Town, Pa., improvement In 
lifting jacks. 
Charles Hettam, New York, improvement In rblling 
iron shutters. 
Daniel Newton, Southampton. Conn., improvement In 
metal folding maehines. 
Horace W. Peaslee, Maiden Bridge, N. Y., improve 
ment in machines for washing paper stock. Patented in 
England, Sept. 20, 1854. 
Albert W. Roberts, Hartford, Conn., improvement In 
fire engines. 
E. K. Root. Hartford, for Improved c ompound rilling 
machines. 
Eloy Schmitz, New York, for improved apparatus for 
Bupplyiug furnaces with pulverized metai. 
R. P. Benton, Rochester, improvement in feeding mor¬ 
ticing machines. 
Isaac J. Cole, Piermont, for improved compound crow¬ 
bar. 
Abel W. Streeter, Shelburne Falls. Mass, improvement 
in fastening centre bits. 
John Sutton, New York, for lubrication of steam ma¬ 
chinery. 
Lewis Hoover. Jersey City, improvement in lanterns. 
Henry Blakely, New York, improvement in iron win¬ 
dow blinds. 
Geo. Copeland, Lewiston, lie., improvement in looms. 
Isaac Williams and Isaac W. Bausman, Alleghany Co., 
Pa., improvement in cotton seed planters. 
Samuel Huffman, Charlestown, Ill., assignor to himself 
and Dennis O'Hara, Washington, P. C improvement in 
repeating cannon. 
Edmund Morris, Burlington, N. J , improvement in 
buckets for chain pumps. 
Leopold and Joseph Thomas, Alleghany City, for match 
machine. 
John U. Wallis, Pans villa, N. Y., Improvement in pad- 
ulo wheels. 
Geo. F. Wood, Ulysses, N. Y., improvement inosculat¬ 
ing engines. 
John M. Bull, Sidney, Ohio, improvement in hand-rails 
Newell A. Prince, Brooklyn, improved fountain pen. 
the Lancaster"gun—again. 
Mr. Editor In the Rusal of Jan. 27th, 
A. O. B. criticises an article on the Lancaster 
Gun, takeD from the Montreal Gazette and 
published in your paper of Jan. 6 th. 
Now, as I am quite a lover of Philosophy, 
I wish to correct one of A. O. B.’s erroneous 
notions in regard to it,—not for the sake of 
controversy, but because I know many others 
are led astray by the same course of reasoning. 
He says “ Let any one spin a child’s top 
and he will notice that the faster it spins the 
more firmly it will stand; and that as the ve¬ 
locity of rotation diminishes, it • wobbles’ 
about and finally falls to t he ground. Although 
from the conical shape of the toy the upper 
part is the heaviest, yet under the influence of 
rapid rotation the tendency to remain in its 
first position is such that, even 
slightly 
AV ashing Recipe. —The following recipe 
has been peddled through the country, and 
sold for fil. It saves one-third of the labor 
of washing:-—Take one lb. of saltpetre, and 
dissoh e it in one gallon of cold rainwater, 
and cork it up in some tight vessel. When 
you are going to wash, add three large spoon¬ 
fuls re each pint ot soap ; make a suds with 
Thoss who wish to propagate apples by root I an ^ f? a ‘ v cDthes 20 or 30 minutes ; 
grafting should be at work now. First make I • n 1 , them out, and put them over the fire 
an alphabetical list of the varieties you wish ! ! n .f c , n cold suds. Let them come to the 
to propagate. Collect as many scions of each ; b0 ! 1 ’ ^“.boil five minutes; then take them 
of these varieties as you may want. In col- 0lu anc rinee them. Ohio Cultivator. 
lecting- scions be very careful that every tree , ~ -- 
from which you cut is true to its name. Ilav- . Gure Earache.— Earache may be re- 
ing cut a sufficient number of one variety, I Leved by dropping a little sweet oil and laud- 
place, and bind them strongly in a bundle, and amin L warm, into the ear, and applying hot 
before you lay it down label it v.-itli its true | * n tiannel bags, so as to keep the part 
name and check it upon your list. Never I cous lantly warm. 
take two varieties of scions in your hand with- i -—.. 
out a label upon each. Much confusion has j Wash for the Hair. —Olive oil, half an 
been caused not only by carelessly collecting, j ounce ; oil of rosemary, one drachm’; strong 
but also by careless handling of scions after ! hartshorn, two drachms ; rose-water’ half a 
much care has been taken in collecting. Pack pint. Add the rose-water by degrees, other- 
the scions in boxes of saw dust and put them ! wise it will not amalgamate, 
in a cool place, whore they will be ready for 
tip it with the finger, it will oscillate back and 
forth and tend still to maintain its original 
vertical position. Now apply this to the 
rifle. 'The slug revolving as many as 500 
times in a second, is in similar circumstances 
with the top, save that its revolution is hori¬ 
zontal instead of vertical; hut this will not 
alter the steadying effect of the rotation in the 
least. This is the true cause of the superiori¬ 
ty of the rifle.” 
Now, any one can see by spinning a top 
that it has no “ tendency to remain in the first 
position,” unless that position be vertical. In 
fact, the first position may be nearly horizon¬ 
tal, and by a rapid motion it soon becomes 
vertical. Consequently, if the analogy be¬ 
tween the ball and top is correct, it only 
proves that the point of the ball will always 
be towards the center of the earth, which any 
one knows would not be desirable. In fact, 
the motion of the top would have no tendency 
to keep its axis in a vertical or any other par¬ 
ticular direction, were it not for the base on 
which it stands. 
I could explain why its connection with the 
base keeps it in a vertical position, but the 
explanation would be tedious. 
Rochester, Jar.. 28. 1855. Vf. M. Haines. 
Dr. Watson, of the Electric Power light 
and Color Company, has entered into arrange¬ 
ments with the Government authorities for ap¬ 
plying this novel agency in aid of the opera¬ 
tions now in progress for the erection of the 
new bridge at Westminster. The advance¬ 
ment of the works being contingent on tho 
state of the tide, they have consequently often 
to be prosecuted after dark; and hence the 
importance of pressing any improved lighting 
appliance afforded by scientific discovery into 
the service of such an enterprise. The exper¬ 
iment was tried, for the first time, last night 
at 6)4 o’clock, at the Surrey-side abutment of 
the bridge. The lighting apparatus used, 
which was computed to possess illuminating 
power equal to that of 72 Argand burners, or 
of nearly 1,000 wax candles, was stationed on 
the river’s brink, so as to throw its rays npon 
a working stage, fixed some 200 feet or up¬ 
ward out into the stream, and upon which, it 
being low tide at the time, a body of workmen, 
45 in number, were engaged in pile driving by 
means of eight ponderous “ monkey” hammers, 
Chappuis’s reflector was used on the occasion; 
and the electric battery for supplying the nec¬ 
essary power, and which was fitted with six 
dozen cells, was posted on the Middlesex shore, 
or at a distance of 2,000 feet. The experi¬ 
ment, we are glad to state, proved eminently 
successful in accomplishing its object. The 
light diffused over the working stage was of an 
intense and yet agreeabie brilliancy, far ex¬ 
ceeding the lustre of the brightest moonlight; 
but resembling the moon’s mild and cheerful 
radiance. The workmen seemed to be greatly 
facilitated in their various occupations by its 
aid ; and we should think that after once tast¬ 
ing tie advantage of so superior an illumi¬ 
nating agent, they would be very loth to have 
to revert to the “ darkness visible,” as well as 
the noxious fumes of the ordinary duck lamps, 
filled with naptha, to which they have hereto¬ 
fore been accustomed. It is but right to add 
that the new light was subject to a transient, 
and occasional flickering, but it was so slight 
as not to cause tho least perceptible inconven¬ 
ience to the men; and besides this defect, which 
is traceable to the fluctuation of the electrical 
power,. is considered to be inseparable from the 
operation of so subtle an agent. The light 
appeared to be fully as manageable as gas, to 
extinguish it cr turn it on being but the work 
of a moment. We learn that it is intended to 
place this electric light on both banks of the 
river, and also on the crown of the central arch 
of Westminster bridge as the works going on 
there proceed. The patentee has contracted to 
light Chelsea bridge by the same means, com¬ 
mencing from next week; and we understand 
that Mr. Whitmarsh, of Paris, has obtained 
the permission of the Emperor of the French 
to fix one of these brilliant illuminators at 
the Rond Point, to light up the grand av¬ 
enue of the Champs Elysecs during the forth¬ 
coming “ Exposition Industrial” in that gay 
capital. Dr. Watson undertakes to furnish 
this improved light at the lowest cost of gas, 
his great gain being derived from his mode of 
utilizing the residuary products of the battery 
in making colors .—London Times. 
NEW WAY TO REPAIR A STEAMER. 
_ ip Nov., the British steamer Himalaya ar¬ 
rived at Malta on her way home from the 
Crimea, in so damaged a oondition that she 
could proceed no further without repairs._ 
There was no dock there • f sufficient capacity 
to take her in, and after some delay, the fol¬ 
lowing method of raising her stern sufficiently 
high to allow of the requisite repairs was con¬ 
ceived and successfully put in practice : 
She was taken to the dock about noon on 
the first day of December. Her fore com¬ 
partment was filled or kept filling by four sy¬ 
phons, for about two hours. At that time a 
powerful purchase was fixed aft to four der¬ 
ricks hove taut, and she star ted up 18 inches. 
Three hours later the purchase was hove again, 
when she moved np 12 inches, and so continu¬ 
ed till half past 11 P. M., when it was found 
her shaft-hole was 15 inches out of the water. 
At this time her immersion was 7 ft. 10 in. aft 
and 27 ft. forward, with about 2 ft. of water 
under her fore-foot; and this was accomplished 
so easily that persons witnessing the operation 
almost doubted their own eyes. She strained 
nothing whatever, and when her defects had 
been made good, she was let down, the water 
in her fore compartment pumped out, and in 
12 hours she regained her natural positou, and 
looked as trim on the water as she ever did_ 
that is, after she got her mizenmast in and top- 
gallantmasts pointed, yards squared, &c. It 
will be. seen that she wt«s water-borne the 
whole time, and that by destroying the buoy¬ 
ancy forward the assistance she required aft to 
raise her was comparatively small. 
GUN COTTON. 
use when wanted. 
Where a great many varieties of scions are 
packed away without regard to order, it is 
sometimes inconvenient to find any particular 
variety that may at any time be wanted.— 
But if in packing they are arranged alphabet¬ 
ically, there need be no trouble in finding the ! 
variety you are in quest of. If this arrange¬ 
ment is carried through the whole operation 
from making the memorandum, to the pack¬ 
ing of the grafts, and the final planting in 
the nursery it will be found to be a very con¬ 
venient arrangement, and a saving of time, la¬ 
bor and expense, by knowing at all times pre- 
Vegetable Seasoners. — Parsley, celery, 
thyme, sage, onions, garlic, and other season¬ 
ers, should not be put into soups or stews 
until, the soup is nearly done ; chop fine, and 
put in five minutes before the soup is taken 
from the fire. 
To Clear Coffee. —When nothing else can 
be obtained, mix a little Indian meal with the 
coffee before putting it to boil .—Ohio Cult. 
Soap. —When preparing to make soap, add 
a little old soap to the ley and grease. This 
will greatly facilitate the labor of the making-. 
Fuel for Locomotion. —The cost of wood 
to railways has become an item of enormous 
expense. The Hudson River Company paid, 
for the single article of wood for its locomo¬ 
tives, during the last year, over $25,000 ! Of 
course, it will soon become a much greater 
annual charge, and the invention of some prac¬ 
tical relief from this killing expense, will be 
hailed as a great boon. Recently an engine 
built to run upon the Taunton Branch °and 
New Bedford roads, and using anthracite coal, 
was entirely successful, and Hie same kind of 
locomotives have been tried and found to per¬ 
form well upon the Little Schuylkill road. On 
the Baltimore and Ohio, one of the best roads 
in the country, coke is used for the passenger 
engine. It is founded on experimental observa¬ 
tion, that there is an economy of thirty-eight 
per cent in coal burning locomotives in the 
fuel alone. The English locomotives do not 
burn a cord of wood. They work, and well too, 
on coke. We cannot conceive why American 
locomotives cannot do the same.— Ex. 
Heat expands nearly all bodies. Water is 
an exception, ice being lighter than the liquid. 
It is said that this powerful agent is about 
to be made serviceable in the Eastern war, and 
guns adapted to its use are now in process of 
manufacture for the Austrian Government. A 
letter from Vienna has the following : 
“ Thirty-two of the new guns (four batteries) 
to be used with gun cottou are already finished, 
and it is believed that 168 more (16 batteries) 
are to be cast. The military authorities are 
extremely reserved just at present, but still it 
has transpired that only twelve-pounders will 
in future be cast, ‘ as they need not be heavier 
in metal than the old six-pounder—if gun cot¬ 
ton is used—and almost all the Russian field 
batteries are composed of twelve-pounders.’ 
The experiments with gun cotton still con¬ 
tinue, and one result is too remarkable not to 
be mentioned :—A 12-lb. ball was fired from a 
gun charged with powder at some thick beards 
prepared tor the purpose, and another ball of 
the same weight was fired from one of the new 
guns charged with gun cotton ; ‘ although the 
uew gun was 160 yards farther from the tar¬ 
get than the old one, the hole made by the 
shot of the former was well definal and clean, 
while the orifice mado by tho latter was jagged 
and splintery.’ ” 
5 i 
l - 
£ I 
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