MMlIhmMU’tmiflitiU'UllillillM’UllilliMlI'llMilliliimiHillil'uililliMUMillM, 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
(©rcjrarfr mtfr ditrkn. 
BIRDS AND INSECTS. 
year when other fruits are scarce, and fill an 
PORK, AND OTHER MEATS. 
0 Wilson Flagg, in a late No. of Hovey's C5- 
. ...... Magazine, makes five classes of insects, and 
GOOSEBERRIES AND THEIR CULTURE. upoTthe incvel'foflnpecte^ DatUral ChecI<S PORK, AND OTHER MEATS. 
Asa class, the small fruits, such as goose- swarming^S . Rc J UI ' 1 was sorry to observe, 
berries, currants, strawberries, raspberries, &c., them, taking their food upon the wing. The in a ; ate ' N0 ‘ 01 ^ our P a P er > ( wbl °h we are be- 
receive but a moiety of the attention which common martin devours great quantities of §'* nu ' u 8’ to look up to as something of an ora- 
they merit. They all ripen at a season of the wasps, beetles, and goldsmiths. A single bird c ^>) an article advocating the use of pork in 
year when* other fruits are scarce, and fill an wiH devour five thousand butterflies in a week preference to beef, poultry, &c., as being 
:__• . 1 .„ i __r __u c .... Ihe moral ot tins is that the husbandman a cheaner. and miite an Lpn.lt.Iiv nn nrtiplo n. 
flffiirestic fonmttg. Jfletframc Jrts, #t. 
important place in the luxury of a well fur- gbonld cultivate the society of swallows and 
mshed table. True, almost every one Inis cur- ma rtins about his land and out-buildings, 
rants, small, acid things, the product of stunt- 
a cheaper, and quite as healthy an article 0 : 
food. Of course we all admit that a pound of 
pork costs twice as much, in the fattening, as 
the same weight of beef or mutton. At least 
it does in Northern Pennsylvania, where grass 
rants, small, acid things, the product ot stunt- The sparrows and wrens feed upon the L ,7 * IT T. , ’ 
ed and neglected bushes, and sometimes you crawling insects which lurk within the buds, . 1G fcam . e weight ot beef or mutton. At least 
will find a wild gooseberry bush transplanted foliage, and flowers of plants. The wrens are R does ‘ n * S| or thern Pennsylvania, where grass 
into some fence corner, where, choked by grass pugnacious, and a little box in a cherry tree abundant and pumpkins flourish and my 
and weeds, its fruit is even poorer than when w ! s °? n be appropriated by them and they experience as a cook, which is not small—war- 
in its wild state • or if the imnroved varieties will drive away other birds that feed upon the rants me in asserting that the latter meats are 
d *■»«-p»* 
_ . , , , . 1 . In rnnatinrr o mono rtf hnrtf mnf f/vra «-» 
are planted the want of care renders them un- member this spring and act upon. T i tesuy in me cooKing man tee porn. 
productive, or they are destroyed by mildew, The thrushes, robins, blue birds, jays, and 11 r0as ln " a P iece Beef or mutton, a chick- 
and hence many persons have come to the con- crows, prey upon butterflies, grasshoppers, eu > or a turkey, defter is quite out ol place 
elusion that they are not worthy of cultivation, tickets, locusts and the larger beetles. A their own rich juices being quite sufficient for 
Put p-ive them a trnnd location and nroner singte family of jays will consume 20,000 of the needful “ basting.” It is well, however, to 
ifo and the sflt o the Ista loaded “ T°i ° f mon ‘ h3 ' -.a ba3te “ "*ting turkey with eold lard once or 
culture, and the sight ol the hushes loaded [he woodpeckers are armed with a stout, twice Butter mav be used in the stnfW 
with fine, large berries, would tempt the most long bill to penetrate the wood of trees, where . , ' , , , .? . ' . st ™ ^’ 
unbelieving to give them a trial. the borers have deposited their larvae. They mt suet cbo PP e(1 fine is quite as nice. 
With good treatment none of the small 15ve a,most entirel y u P on these worms. Then, who would not prefer a piece of nice- 
fruits produce more abundantly than the . For the insects which come abroad onlydu- £ “corned beef,” to pork in any shape ?- 
, 1 T+ -...---..I- • Q j oor> oon(1 „ rill g toe night, nature has provided a check m Eaten warm, with abundance of vegetables, it 
gooseberry. It succeeds best in a deep, sandy the nocturnal birds, of the whippoorwill tribe, j s a capital dinner the fat has a necul ar 
loam with a northern aspect, but will thrive and the little barn owl, which take their food « nutty ” or marrow-like flavor and allowed to 
well in any soil, provided it be made deep and upon the wing. ^ ’ ’ 0 
rich. It should be trenched, or else worked H °w wonderful is this provision of Provi- uader a wei S hb > which presses out the wa- 
two spades deep, and thoroughly enriched with fence for the restraint of the depredators that te ^ and oily particles, it is little inferior to 
1 .. ., f , live upon the labors of man ; and how careful cold tongue for tea or luncheon ; and will be 
any well rotten manure. should we be not to dispute that beneficial generally found to agree well, even with deli- 
Many consider mulching absolutely necessa- law of compensation by which all things are ca te digestive powers. Pork on the contrary 
11° STL" andpropor - ^-y *«* 
more upon the situation and treatment than 
upon mulching. If they are fully exposed to 
the sun, as upon the south side of a fence, or 
in any soil with an unbroken southern aspect, 
_ „ , , ^ _ most accomplished cook is able. Indeed, many 
INPLUENCE OF SOILS ON FRUIT pathologists trace the prevailing unhealthiness 
__ ' of our laboring men and their families, partic- 
The absolute necessity of proper prepara- ularly the wonderful prevalence of scrofulous 
nothing short of mulching, or shading the tion, and deep and thorough cultivation of the affections, to the habitual use of this article of 
ground around their roots in some other way, soil, especially for certain fruits, is now gener- food. I believe the fact it established, that we 
will save them from mildew. But plant them ally admitted, though regard must always be uja „ , 
on tho north side of a board fence hedge, or U fo the natural ‘activity in the rap of the b 
stone wall two or three feet from it work in s P? cies ’ and the de g ree of fertility of the P^P e ’ lfc 13 ec ^ uall > mqnastionable, that we 
’ ’ . soil. Surely it would be unwise to apply the eat Hie m ost pork. It needs a strong diges- 
a liberal supply of fine compost every spring, same cultivation to the cherry, as to the apple tion, and constant out-of-door exercise, to ena- 
(if placed around them in autumn and turned and the pear, or to treat any of these on new ble a man to get along with a meal of it To 
under in the spring so much the better,) and and fertile grounds as in old and exhausted sedentary persons, to women and children, it is 
keep the surface mellow through the heat of Boids. 
summer, and there will be no trouble from , ,, 1 IF ^ , .. , 
, by these we do not mean the identical spot, the it you do not believe that our farmers and 
mi T artificial bed in which the tree stands ; for, in laborers and their families are far from healthy 
Like currants, they are easily propagated time, the roots take a wide range in search of ask any physician whose ride lies amongst 
from cuttings and layers. r. b. w. food. Some fruits are good in nearly all T i r ,, , . ,, , , 
—--—- places; others, only in thfir original locality! ‘ bem ' } haTb b ““ toW ’“ d “ b< > 
HINTS AND GLEANINGS. Some succeed best on light, loamy, or sandy baAe observed that > something ails every 
_ ~ ’ soils ; others, in stiff clayey soils. In the lat- one °f them, even those apparently robust; 
Model Fruit Garden.— The Mass. Horti- ter, many pears, for instance, the Beurre Bose and a great deal of dyspepsia is a part of it. — 
cultural Society awarded a premium of $25, ( llld - N apoleon, are astringent, while in the Tobacco and whiskey, hot cakes, sweet cakes, 
for the most economically managed and best Beurre Ranee!In England and in tome parts d ™^' medicinal > and patent medicines, do their 
cultivated fruit garden, to Cant. W. R. Aus- of France, is the best late near Sn it Q i 0 ry share, no doubt, to destroy tlie health of the 
The influence of soiis is remarkable. But ;dmost poison. 
If you do not believe that our farmers and 
HINTS AND GLEANINGS. 
for the most economically managed and best Beurre Ranee, in England and in some parts d ™ gS ‘ medicina1, and P atent medicines, do their 
cultivated fruit garden, to Capt. W. R. Aus- of France, is the best late pear. So it is, also saai ' e ’ n0 . doubt > to destroy die health of the 
tin, of Brookline, Mass. He has upwards of bl some of the soils of Belgium ; while with community. But pork also, is one of the mis- 
(Amherst, Mass) says if apples arc 
pocked ra haul-wood sawdust, they agency it Is suffleient to report the fact, that I like your suggestion, that we use too much 
, man open garret through our cold- oat of flfty vanet.es of American peach® animal food. If by any means, we could be 
:rs. In packing, care should be taken grown m the gardens at Chiswick, England, • n , ,, J i 
e of the apples touch the barrel or only two were adapted to the climatc.-!\I. P. ‘ nl '“ ced •? “* 033 of t I h ' 3 - a,ld » f u ^ 
wu +ll „ 1 , + , ... Wilder’s Address. tables, milk and eggs, I have not a doubt the 
,er. When thus packed, they will ---advantages of it would not only be felt, but 
me order long after those m the cellar NOTES UPON APPLES. seen, in the improved looks of the next gene- 
n, or so wilted as to be worthless. _ ration * e * 
. * „ In my selection of Apples for my family’s w—, Tioga Co., Pa., Feb., 1855. 
Double Apple.—II. I aign, of Lock- use, I have found the following kinds not only - _ 
tes us that “ the apple presented you very choice, but forming a succession of ripe Saleratus.—A writer in the Boston Jour- 
six hundred trees—about five hundred of them others, and with us, it is generally inferior. ereants ; why else was it forbidden to the Jews? 
dwarf pear trees—on one and a half acres of ^ he flavor of fruit is much influenced not It is matter of congratulation, that our re¬ 
land, and the committee remark that probably 011 i^ f od ’ b 7 cb mafic and meteorologi- tail merchants find their annual sales of pork 
no cultivator in the State could exhibit so ^ 8oilf dLsease commences in the root and decreasing, and particularly so when we con- 
much fine fruit on a like number of trees of as a natural consequence, the juices of the tree sider tbat 80 lar o c a proportion of the barrel 
the same age and size. A more particular are imperfectly elaborated, and unable to sup- P°rk consists of that fattened on distillery 
account of his grounds and management would l d Y Rl ° exigency of the fruit. Even injurious slops, and is consequently the flesh of„ diseased 
be interesting. substances are taken up.. A plum tree has animals, bloated with drunkenness. How 
- been known to absorb oxide of iron, so as not mnpL Kp+Ipi* «/Hafnwx, +1 
Dry Sawdust for Packing Apples.— The ? nI ^ to color tbe folia ge, but also to exude and « distillery milk ” for the health of the cam 
_ , , w, \ •c , form incrustations on the bark, and finally to mstineiy muK 101 tae nealth ot the com- 
Farmei, (Amherst, Mass.,) says if apples are kill tbe tree> As an i nstance of c i imatic munity, is a question that deserves attention, 
carefully, packed in hard-wood sawdust, they agency, it is sufficient to report the fact, tRat I like your suggestion, that we use too much 
will keep in an open garret through our cold- out ot . fatty varieties of American peaches animaI food . It - by any means we could be 
est winters. In packing, care should be taken grown in the gardens at Chiswick, England, • , .T ’ 
tbat none of the apples touch the barrel or only two wore adapted to the clin.atc.-M, P. ‘ nd “ ced *?, eat 083 of * h : 3 - a,ld more , » f ^ 
each other. When thus packed, they will W.nDnn's Address. tobte and eggs, I have not a doubt the 
. . X1 J „ --- advantages ot it would not only be felt, but 
open in fane order long alter those m the cellar matdo ttdaxt * nun jo . . . , „ ;t 
1 .. ... ° , , X11 NOTES UPON APPLES. seen. m the improved looks of the next gene- 
are rotten, or so wilted as to be worthless. _ ration * e * 
T , . ' T In my selection of Apples for my family’s w—, Tioga Co., Pa., Feb,, i865. 
liiE Double Apple.—H. 1 aign, of Lock- use, I have found the following kinds not only -_ 
port, writes us that “ the apple presented you very choice, but forming a succession of ripe Saleratus.—A writer in the Boston Jour- 
by Mr. Achilles, of Albion, is produced by on. 63 - Commencing with the Hawley, the very nal thinks that of three hundred thousand 
uniting the half buds of two different kinds and P r ince of fall apples, a,nd one combining all the children in this country, who die under ten 
inserting them under the bark as one bud. I ?°,° d qaallt i es 4 f or de8ert as well as for cooking, years of age, at least one hundred thousand 
T .. „ n , I ' iave found the dameuse an excellent succes- might survive, but for the effects of saleratus. 
kno v o a tree that bears Greenings and fall- SO r, then the Scolloped Cornish, or Red Gilli- He relates a curious story of a sickness in a 
man bweetings. .. I hey divide near the centre, flower, which in all respects is a most superior boarding house at Williamstown, Maes., caus- 
each and kind retains its own flavor.” apple, in eating from November to January ; ed By eating biscuits, puddings, &c., full of 
---- next the Jonathan, a most, beautiful medium saleratus. Out of fifteen boarders, thirteen 
The Fruit Trees Safe.—M r. Barry says ?‘^ d ’ b *o b colored, red fruit, fresh, spicy and were taken sick, and were confined a long 
that the late intense cold, 21 degrees below J ul °y . after tha,t the Green. Sweeting, ripening time ; two of them died, another barely escaped 
zero, as far as he can discover, has done no in- 111 danuai T> i and continuing good for two death, and the others recovered after severe 
jury to the buds of the peach tree. He thinks ! nonta3 ’ . P wed b Y t be Canada, which thickness. Prof. Tatlock and Rev. Mr. Craw- 
that a temperature of 10 degrees below zero, * s a . m . ost deb(dous a Pl de > vei 7 mild sub-acid ford, who ate but little of the food, escaped 
if continued for some time and accompanied by a .„ in every respect, lasting illness. 
sunny weather, does destroy this fruit tree, but . lu y. °rthern Spys begin to ripen, say the -- 
the recent cold here, being accompanied by br8t , ? [ Mar .9 b ’ which continue good as long jj 0 w to Spice or Picklf Oysters —Drain 
cloudy days, and being of short continuance, “ lt ,f T P, osslbl . e to kee P ones hands off them. the j uice into a diab; and save tbe sa ’ me To 
has had no injurious effect upon the peach ( j ould 1 ba ^ mters P e rsed with the Rambo, a one J can of oyst ers put two quarts of water 
orchards. This, if it prove true, will be good P ] f ce wouki have been found m my cellar tor made M salt J, com P mon brine Then put m 
news to the fruit growers of this vicinity. The a bairel . of tbem : lfc .!, 3 an uacertam fruit, the ma oystera in tbe e t ew -pan as will cover the 
crop about here is very large, and many per- tree ne ' ei ! beai 'j n g oftener than every other bottom, and let them scald until the fringe 
sons have a good deal of land devoted to the | d !^ S ? cb ^ ce tha f lfc JS not wonderful around tbe oyster be gins to curl up. Repeat 
peach. Any injury to this fruit would be re- lha J; xt tak es two seasons tor production. unti l they all are done. Then put in the crock, 
garded as a great calamity. The deep snow I 1 or cooking, the 2 wenty ounce cannot be first one layer of oysters then of mace and 
keeps the roots of plants warm, and protects excelled while it lasts. Then comes the Rhode cloves. Then take "the cold juice and add 
them from the severity of the frosts, which Island Greening, a true and abiding apple, vinegar to suit your taste, and pour it upon 
otherwise would penetrate to an unusual depth, which most all Americans have known as a the oysters. There should be an ounce of 
How to Spice or Pickle Oysters.— Drain 
the juice into a dish, and save the same. To 
good varieties, for you have to look to differ- 
the oysters. There should be an ounce of 
cloves, and a few grains of pepper to make the 
spice .—Ohco Farmer. 
To Keep Mutton Sweet. —As soon as your 
mutton is dressed, place it in some situation 
—Roch. American. choice dessert apple, as well as a most profita- cloves, and a few grains of pepper to make the 
-— — ... — - ble one tor pies and sauce. For a sweet ap- spice .—Ohco Farmer. 
Frosted Plants.— When plants, through P^ e j n season (early fall,) I much admire the-_ 
accident or neglect, get frozen, they should be Badey Sweeting; it is a great favorite with us. Tr4 -[»- ^ Q . 
well syringed or sprinkled overhead, through 1 wish producers would be sure to raise all the mn l tt EE’r—As soon as your 
a fine, rose watering-pot, with cold water.— & ood varieties, for you have to look to differ- S p /l hi P \vi ^ X some Sltuatl0u 
Great care must be observed in shading them ent orchards for a selection of twelve varieties 1 + bea thor oughly frozen, 
from the sun till the frost is thoroughly o f choice fruit. Some are better grown than ^ m «ve R to an out-building, or some other 
drawn out, which should be done as gradually others ’ aud 1 would like to have mine from such athl 7^™ *1 1U - n ° dan » e ^ 
as possible. Standing them on the" floor S P ersons 118 take tbe best care of their trees to U°in ^ ^ I havin - 
io cZ i So,,";? m bc r doi,t ; °" sure th °_“ t ^5_ w ti Ts - ” Hmt ■ Miy rs* 
again freeze after syringing. It seems not to Coil Ashes.— The best purpose to which 
persons as take the best care of their trees to 
it in a close aud compact heap, cover it care- 
again freeze after syringing. It seems not to Coal Ashes. —The best purpose to which 
be generally understood that frost merely sus- coal ashes.can be applied, in town or country, ^ess till late in the snrin<> We have ki-m 
pends, but does not entirely destroy vegeta- is in making garde.^ralks. If well iaid down,' frL nSt ttTtofTf 
tion ; and, unless plants are very tender, with no weeds or grass will grow, and by use they April! Tho pelts being a non-conductor pre¬ 
careful treatment they may, generally, be saved. become as solid and more durable than brick, vent its thawing.— Ger. Telegraph. ’ P 
A NEW ARTICLE FOR ROOFING HOUSES. 
Judge Smith, of Honeoye Falls, a few days 
since, brought into our office a piece of board 
on which was spread, and perfectly united 
with it, an indurated coating as hard as stone. 
We have not tested it ourselves, but are as¬ 
sured by Judge Smith that the composition is 
perfectly fire and water-proof, and admirably 
adapted to roofing and other kindred purposes. 
It may either be applied in the shape of a mas¬ 
tic immediately to wood, or it may be manu¬ 
factured into sheets mixing it with paper pulp, 
and then laid on a roof like sheets of metal. 
If the article proves as good as it promises, 
and as the inventer claims it will, it is an in¬ 
valuable addition to the materials of the ar¬ 
chitect and builder. We copy below a para¬ 
graph from the Washington Union on the sub¬ 
ject, from which it appears that the new roofing 
material has made a very favorable impression 
in the Federal City: 
We have been shown a new article for 
roofing, manufactured by Janies Smith of 
Honeoye Falls. It is composed of a stone 
found atGibsonville, Liv. Co., N. Y., reduced 
to a powder, mixed with paper pulp, and 
moulded into sheets, like hand made paper, 
which, when sufficiently dry, are saturated 
with some kind of drying oil. These substan¬ 
ces are said to combine and produce a sort of 
petrified sheet, which is both water and fire¬ 
proof, which forms a cheap, durable and safe 
kind of roof. The sheets can be made in size 
and thickness to suit the convenience of pur¬ 
chasers, and are laid and confined with great 
facility. A gentleman of this city has applied 
some of this kind of roofing upon a building, 
and expresses entire confidence that it will be 
found to be as useful as the discoverer thinks 
it will. It is now while in an undried state 
entirely water-proof, and by exposure to the 
atmosphere will doubtless become petrified and 
fire-prooi. We have seen this pulverized 
stone, which flau been mixed with oil and ap¬ 
plied in a thick coating upon a board, quite 
petrified, and as hard as common stone. In 
this condition it is unaffected by fire. The 
gentleman above referred to has so much con¬ 
fidence in this kind of roofing, that he intends 
to apply it upon dwellings next summer. Air. 
S., the discoverer, has applied for a patent for 
this new composition of matter, and expects 
one will soon issue. From his account of the 
material it will prove a very useful discovery. 
Lubricator of Machinery.— Self-acting 
greasers have now become a necessity, hence a 
number of improvements on such apparatus 
have recently been secured by patents.— 
Among the number was one granted to John 
Sutton, of New York city, on the 16th ult., 
which deserves honorable mention. The im¬ 
provements in his lubricator for machinery em¬ 
brace two parts ; one consists in the arrange¬ 
ment of the cylinder and piston, which is em¬ 
ployed to inject the oil or grease into that part 
of the engine requiring oil, the piston being 
placed within the grease cup, thereby rendering 
the apparatus more simple and compact, than 
others acting on a similar principle. The 
other part of the improvement consists in a 
certain arrangement of valves, whereby the 
the feeder is charged with oil, and Hischarged 
into the engine, by simply moving the piston 
once back and forth. 
SPRING HAMMER STONE DRESSER. 
LIST OF PATENTS 
hsmd from the United ’States Patent Office for the week 
ending January 30, 1855. 
I. J. W. Adams, Sliarptown, Md., improved implements 
for boring wells. 
Wm. Adamson, Philadelphia, improvement in clarify¬ 
ing glue. 
Abel H. Bartlett, Kings Bridge, for hot air furnace. 
B. F. Babbitt, New V ork, for car ventilator. 
John Blackwood, Franklin Co., Ohio, improvement in 
seod planters. 
.'ob Brown, Lawn Bridge, Ill., improvement in seed 
planters. 
Dexter H. Chamberlain and John Hartshorn, Boston 
fountain brush. 
Alfred Doe, Concord, improvement in plows. 
Jas. Eaton, Townsend Harbor, Mass., improvement in 
dies for cap-tube machines. 
George Fowler, Northford, Ct., for double acting force 
pump. 
Hezekiah Griswold, Hartford, improvement in the yoke 
of shirts. 
Jonathan Hibbs, Tullytown, Pa., improvement in clover 
hullers. 
Alex. Hall, Lloydsville, Ohio, improvement in piano 
fortes. 
John Hobbs, Hallowell, improvement in rain staff 
screws for ship carpenters. 
Washburn Race and Birdsill Holly, Seneca Falls, im¬ 
provement in carriage wheels. 
R. Jennings. Deep River, Ct., improvement in augers. 
Wm. H. McNameo, Philadelphia, improvement in lock¬ 
ing spindle door latches. 
Sidney S. Mlddlehrook, Jas. B. Blakslee and Charles F. 
Blaksloe, Newton, Ct., improvement in machinery for 
felting hat bodies. 
J. B. Nichols, Lynn, improvement in sewing machines. 
Aaron Palmer, Brockport, improvement in the con¬ 
struction of the frame of grass harvesters. 
Elijah F. Parker, Proctorsville. Vt., improvement in 
lantern frames. 
Jesse Reed, Marshfield, improvement in cable stoppers. 
Henry Rogers, Ferrlsburgh, Vt., improved force pump. 
David Russell, Drewersburg, Ind., improvement in 
harvester cutters. 
Alex. O. H. P. Sehorn, Murfreesboro, Tenn., improve¬ 
ment in portable fire arms. 
Thaddeus Selleck, Greenwich, Ct., improvement in 
methods of working Franklinite oro. 
John Skelley, Brooklyn, improvement in carriage 
wheels. 
Geo. L. Squir, Chicopee Falls, improvement in straw 
cutters. 
Joseph Stockdale, Ypsilanti, improvement in cultivator 
teeth. 
Jonathan G. Trotter, Newark, N. J., improvement in 
the construction of furnaces for zinc white. 
Henry G. Tyler and John Helm, New Brunswick, N. J., 
improvement in processes fer making India rubber cloth. 
Elisha Waters, Troy, improvement in cylindrical boxes. 
Salem Wilder, Lynn, improvement in waxing thread in 
sewing machines. 
Pinney Youngs, Milwaukee, Wis., improvement in sew¬ 
ing machines. 
James S. Ewbank, New York, assignor to Wm. Ever- 
dell, Jr.. of same place, improvement in spurs. 
Edwin A. Morrison. Lawrenceville, Va.. assignor to 
himself and Robt. J. Morrison, Richmond, Va., improve¬ 
ment in delivering apparatus of grain harvesters. 
Geo. A. Meacham, New York, for window washer. 
RE-ISSUES. 
C. R. Brinckerhoff, Eatavia, improvement in plows. 
Ckas. Mounin and W. M. Booth, Buffaio, improvement 
i n fastening lanterns. 
This machine is based on the principle of 
the mallet and chisel, as ordinarily used by 
hand in the act of stone-dressing. It consists of 
an adjustable frame, in which is arranged a tool 
holder and a series of hammers, disposed at an 
angle of about forty-five degrees, the angle being 
increased or diminished according to the hard¬ 
ness of the stone to be worked. The hammers 
run on wheels, and are each one foot in width, 
being lifted by means of cams attached to a 
common shaft, and thrown down in rapid suc¬ 
cession by the action of springs against the 
tool holder, which is so adjusted as to firmly 
retain the cutters in the required position, con¬ 
stantly resting upon the surface of the stone, 
which is placed ou a carriage that moves con¬ 
tinuously at the rate of from twenty-five to fifty 
inches per minute, according to the hardness 
of the stone, carrying the cutters back as the 
hammers are lifted after each successive blow, 
each hammer giving about four hundred blows 
per minute. The number of hammers varies 
in each machine, according to the width of the 
cutting surface, which is from two to six feet 
wide. The tools used are very similar in form 
to those used by hand, and the machine cuts 
plane surfaces and all kinds of mouldings and 
colums with great rapidity and precision. The 
tool holder is furnished with leather or IndV 
rubber cushions, resting upon the heads of the 
cutters, the motions of which are regulated by 
means ot a rest-bar in such a manner as to en¬ 
able the operator to give any intensity to each 
blow necessary to secure the most delicate ex¬ 
ecution. This machine is exceedingly simple, 
compact and durable, requiring but little 
power to keep it in full action, is easily kept in 
order, and requires but three men to attend it 
while performing the labor of from 75 to 100 
workmen.— N. V. Tribune. 
OVERHEAD PIPE IN THE SCHOOL ROOM. 
It is common in school-houses, to use con¬ 
siderable overhead pipe from the stove, to in¬ 
crease the means for the radiation of heat.— 
But, in my opinion, heat thrown out, over¬ 
head, is of no advantage in making a room 
comfortable, and does much injury to the health, 
producing a dull, irritable feeling of the head, 
successive returns of sick headache, loss of ap¬ 
petite for food, and a gradual decline in 
strength of body and vigor of mind. The 
sympathy between the head and stomach is 
such, that very few persons can be any length 
of time where heat is radiated directly upon 
the head, without the digestive organs being 
affected, and especially such as are pre-disposed 
to a dyspeptic habit. The feet may be kept 
warm, but the head must be cool, to enjoy 
health of body and vigor of mind. It is not 
uncommon for teachers and scholars to com¬ 
plain that their school labors wear upon their 
health; but it is not the study and teaching 
that impair it, rather these, properly conducted, 
in a well regulated room as to heating and 
ventilation, may become auxiliaries to pre¬ 
serve health. 
In my own school-room, the long reach of 
horizontal pipe overhead, I have had taken 
down and placed a short distance above the 
floor, extending from the floor to the perpen¬ 
dicular that goes up to the chimney. It has 
proved to add much to the comfort of the 
room ; the oppressiveness that was before felt 
from the heated air, is now done away. Every 
school-room should be freed from overhead 
stove pipe, except what is required to reach 
vertically to the chimney.—A Teacher, in 
Scientific American. 
Home AIade Chloride of Lime. —Prof. 
Nash says :—Take one barrel of lime and one 
bushel of salt ; dissolve the salt in as little 
water as will dissolve the whole; slack the 
lime with the water, putting on more water 
than will dry slack it, so much that it will 
form a very thick paste; this will not take all 
the water ; put on, therefore, a little of the 
remainder daily until the lime has taken the 
whole. The result will be a sort of impure 
chloride of lime, but a very powerful deodor¬ 
izer, equally good, for all out-door purposes, 
with the article bought under that name at the 
apothecary’s, and costing not one-twentieth 
part as much. This should be kept under a 
shed or some out-building. It should be kept 
moist, and it may be applied wherever offensive 
odors are generated, with the assurance that it 
will be effective to purify the air, and will add 
to the value of the manure much more than it 
costs. It would be well for every fanner to 
prepare a quantity of this, and have it always 
on hand. 
New Seeding Machine. —The machine of 
Job Brown, of Lawn Ridge, Ill., whose claims 
are published in this week’s list of patents, is 
for sowing seed broadcast, and not in drills.— 
A series of oblique cups are placed upon a ro¬ 
tating cylinder underneath the hopper, in com¬ 
bination with distributing plates which convey 
the seed from the hopper in such a manner 
that it is sprinkled (sown broadcast) with per¬ 
fect regularity and evenness over the whole 
ground traversed by the machine. It requires 
considerable practice, a nicely balanced hand, 
and a good eye to sow broadcast so as to dis¬ 
tribute the seed evenly, in the common way ; 
this machine makes this business mechanical, 
and easily performed by a boy. 
- ^ » i » - -- 
Sound.— Transmission of sound by the air 
depends on its condition and temperature. In 
the Arctic regions, when the air was still and 
the cold intense, Capt. Perry heard the ordi¬ 
nary conversation of his men at the distance of 
one mile. On the Ohio and Mississippi rivers 
it was the custom forty years ago, when the 
boats descended the river in the night, so dark 
that the shore could not be seen, to sound » 
shrill whistle, give a halloo, or stamp with the 
feet on the deck of the boat, and then listen 
for the echo, and an experienced boatman 
could measure the distance from the nearest 
shore to Ihe beat, by the length of time inter¬ 
vening between the sound aud the echo. The 
battle of Bunker Hill was heard sixteen miles. 
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