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MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
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Mr. Bartlett’s theory is, that the coarse 
manure, and green sward which was plowed 
under, “ formed a layer of spongy matter, that 
absorbed and retained the moisture that caine 
from the subsoil, during the drouth.” If this 
be true, then of course, the half decomposed 
sods ought to be filled with moisture which 
they have absorbed from the ground in which 
they lie hurried. But does not every farmer 
know, that when plowed up they are found to 
be dryer than the surrounding earth ? Again, 
if you place a thick coat of barn-yard ma¬ 
nure on a small spot of ground, in a dry time, 
it will be found, after a while, that the soil be¬ 
low to the depth of two or three feet, is much 
moistcr than the earth which was not thus 
covered. Why i 3 this? Not because the ma¬ 
nure absorbs the moisture from the subsoil; 
that would make it dryer. But because it 
stops it, and prevents it lrom escaping into the 
atmosphere. 
Last season I saw ten acres planted to corn 
in nearly the same manner in which Mr. 
Bartlett planted his. The soil is a sandy 
loam, slightly tinctured with clay, and well 
adapted to corn, barley, oats, wheat, or clover. 
It had been pastured and mown for several 
years previous. Early in the spring it was 
covered with a heavy coat of barn-yard ma¬ 
nure which was plowed under with the turf, 
to the depth of seven or eight inches. The 
field was not rolled, but well harrowed. When 
the corn came up, a small handful of plaster 
was dropped upon each hill. At the time 
when the drouth commenced (which was after 
the second hoeing) it was as promising a piece 
of corn as I ever saw, and the owner fully ex¬ 
pected a yield of forty bushels per aero. But 
about the time when, according to Mr. Bart¬ 
lett’s hypothesis, it ought to have drawn 
moisture and nourishment from the turf, and 
manure, it began to dry up, three hundred 
bushels was the extent of the crop. 
Now sirs, in regard to the keeping of ma¬ 
nure through the summer, I suppose, that if 
muck, rotten wood, charcoal, and other pow¬ 
erful absorbents of ammonia, are mixed with 
it; and especially if the pile is covered with a 
thick coat of these materials, that the loss of 
the ammonia, during the summer will be but 
little ; nor will this coat be an impediment, as 
might be supposed at first, in the way ol 
shoveling over the heap sufficiently to ensure 
thorough decomposition, for the manure may 
be piled in a long heap or with a little care the 
covering may be kept unmixed and replaced 
as fast as the pile behind is completed. 
Perinton, Feb. 10. G. F. W . 
LARGE ANIMALS. 
A Disrosmox to breed large animals of 
whatever variety, and without regard to the 
very best qualities they should possess, is 
usually the first attendant upon their intro¬ 
duction. For awhile the largest animal com¬ 
mands all the praise, and his unsuccessful com¬ 
petitors, for the want of coarseness, are placed 
in the back-ground. This was the case w ith 
that excellent variety of cattle, the Short¬ 
horns, and had it not been for the continued 
efforts of a few breeders who knew' what real 
merit was, and who were willing to meet pres¬ 
ent defeat for ultimate success, this most beau¬ 
tiful race of cattle, instead of dotting our hills 
and fertile vallies and becoming a source of 
permanent improvement in almost all sections 
of our country, would, without doubt, ere this 
have become nearly extinct. 
This is the case at present, in a great meas¬ 
ure, in regard to fowls, though the re-ad ion has 
already commenced, and it will be but a few 
years before most of our present Asiatic varie¬ 
ties will retain nearly their present weight 
with greatly reduced size, and exchange their 
now uncouth appearance for beautiful and 
symmetrical proportions. 
I attended our State Poultry Show held at 
Utica last fall. 1 took very great pleasure in 
examining the different varieties of fowls, and 
was called upon by quite a number of exhibit¬ 
ors to notice their coops in particular. Of 
course each exhibitor’s fowls possessed some 
peculiar and unequalled merits, which their 
individual owners were ever ready to point out 
and anxious to have noticed. 1 w r as called 
upon to examine one coop which I shall not 
designate as any particular variety, lest some 
exhibitor may consider my remarks personal. 
Said he, “ Do you see that rooster? — he is the 
biggest rooster in the room—just look at his 
legs—did you ever see anything like them ?— 
Why they are a great deal bigger than my 
thumb—and then this hen—she is decidedly 
the biggest hen on exhibition. I don’t believe 
the ‘ committee’ can get around them, do you?” 
I have never seen the report of the committee 
to learn whether they “ got round” them or 
not, but one thing is certain—if they did get 
around them they had quite a journey. 
The big cattle, the big sheep, the big hogs 
and the big fowls, must soon cease to be ad¬ 
mired where they have not already gone out of 
public favor. An animal may be heavy, and 
at the same time compact and fine. These 
are the animals that every breeder should strive 
to possess, of whatever breed or variety. Such 
animals consume proportionally little and 
yield quick and profitable returns, and will 
ever command ready sales and the highest 
prices. s. r. c. 
HINTS ON WINTERING STOCK- 
Mr. Rural: —Being an attentive reader of 
your very valuable and instructive journal, 1 
thought I would pen you a tew lines respect¬ 
ing ti.e care and attention of stock during the 
most disagreeable part of the season, and if 
you consider them of any importance, you are 
at liberty to present them before your readers. 
Much of the farmer's care aud attention du¬ 
ring the winter and spring months is necessa¬ 
rily given to their stock, and upon this de¬ 
pends much of the profit or loss of the farm.— 
Many farmers commit a great error in suffer¬ 
ing their cattle to remain out too late in the 
fall, exposed to to the autumnal storms, which 
are often more severe, and affect the condition 
of cattle more seriously than the coldest 
weather in the depth of winter. Cattle should 
always be brought to the stable before the cold 
storms commence, and only be suffered to run 
out in comfortable weather. The time, how¬ 
ever, has passed, in which the farmer can profit 
by this suggestion, and 1 only make it now as 
connected with this subject, and in order that 
those who have suffered this year may be in¬ 
duced to do differently in future. 
The supply of fodder the present year is not 
very great, and consequently it becomes us, as 
farmers, to be as saving as possible. By this 
1 do not wish to be understood that we should 
put our cattle upon a scanty allowance of food 
at this season of the year, but rather to give 
them a liberal supply and good attention, as 
the best means of taking them through the 
winter in good condition, even though there is 
to be a deficiency in the spring. 
Cattle kept in stables require much less fod¬ 
der than when fed in the yard, and besides 
their food is not as likely to be wasted. And 
the ijianner of feeding also tends greatly 
towards wintering stock properly. 1 have 
never seen the efficacy of this before this win¬ 
ter ; it ha3 been my method, heretofore, to 
feed my cattle in the morning, aud after they 
are done eating turn them out and let them 
remain during the day, feeding them at noon 
out of doors, at night give them a good supply 
of fodder which they devour with a great relish 
after standing out in the cold frosty air, and 
before retiring for the night go and see them, 
and very often fill the racks again, which 
makes four times feeding during the day. 1 
now see that I have been laboring under an 
error, and instead of doing my cattle good, 1 
have been “killing them with kindness.” 1 
have this winter adopted a new method en¬ 
tirely, which is to feed my cattle but twice 
during the day. I turn them out generally 
about noon, it being the warmest part of the 
day, and seldom let them remain out over two 
hours ; and I find they do not require as great 
a quantity of food, and they do far better than 
they ever have previous winters. 
Rome, N. Y. Feb., 1865. A YOUNG FARMER. 
CONDENSED CORRESPONDENCE. 
UNDERDRAINING -LIGHT WANTED. 
Eds. Bural:— The importance of under¬ 
draining is just beginning to be appreciated 
in Jefferson county, and, as in the commence¬ 
ment of all new and radical improvements, 
farmers feel as if they were working in the 
dark. They have a host of difficulties to over¬ 
come, such as want of knowledge of the best 
methods, want of materials fitted to the pur¬ 
pose, and not the least opposing force is the 
strong prejudice incident to a lack of correct 
information of their real merits, and the ben¬ 
efits to be derived from them. 
During the past season I constructed'about 
40 rods of underdrain in a ditch 2% feet 
deep, by laying two rows of small stones from 
four to six inches in diameter, about six inches 
apart, and overlaying them with flat stones, 
turning the sods grass downward upon these, 
and treading the dirt hard in the ditch. It is 
in a field that has been tilled many years and 
not considered excessively wet, yet the amount 
of water discharged is very great, being ten 
times as much as I expected. I no longer 
wonder at many fields being sour and unpro¬ 
ductive. Drains of this description, where 
stones are handy, can be constructed for about 
fifty cents per rod. I have plenty of small 
stone, but flat ones for covering I have to haul 
several miles, which is expensive. I would 
like to hear from some one who has construct¬ 
ed underdrain3 by partly filling the ditch with 
small stone thrown in promiscuously, and cov¬ 
ering over with dust. It seems to me that in 
a few years it must become clogged and use¬ 
less. 
We hear much said about draining tile.— 
Will not some one who has had experience in 
their use, inform us wherein consists their 
superiority over stone, what is their expense 
per rod, and where they may be procured ?— 
Let every one who has had experience pertain¬ 
ing to this subject forward the results to the 
Rural, always giving correct estimates of ex¬ 
pense, as this is a main item to be considered. 
Experience is a teacher that cannot be gain- 
sayed. It i 3 by actual, careful experiment 
that we learn, aud every farmer who loves his 
calling ought to feel an honest pride in giving 
the results to his fellow laborers, and thus 
helping to give dignity, certainty and profit to 
his ennobling pursuit. J. B. Simmons. 
Watertown, Jefferson Co., Feb. 8, 1855. 
THE HICKORY—PROPER TIME OF CUTTING. 
Eds. Bural: —That the entire sap of hick¬ 
ory trees is usually reduced to powder and 
essentially destroyed by a grub or worm, with¬ 
in one year from the time they are cut, is a 
known fact; that entire trees, or tops of trees, 
as also sleepers, sills, and other timbers of old 
buildings, are ofteu found in a good state of 
preservation, after long years of exposure or 
use, is also known. It is well that it should 
be understood why it thus happens. 
Whenever hickory trees are cut late in the 
autumn, winter, or early in spring, the heat of 
the succeeding May and June produces a fer¬ 
mentation of the abundant rich pulp or sap, 
at the same time slightly rupturing the bark. 
Now there is a green fly or bee, somewhat 
longer and larger than a honey bee, whose 
period of life and activity is from the fifth to 
the last of June, whose special mission it is 
to find in all places hickory wood in the above 
condition, and to insert therein, by its ovipos¬ 
itor, an egg, which, nourished in the pulp or 
sap, becomes a worm or grub, and before the 
ensuing winter, successively destroys all the 
sap or white part of the tree, constituting, in a 
medium size, probably a full half of the tree, 
and in small trees, almost the whole. When 
trees are cut immediately after the annual 
period of this bee, (that is about the first of 
July or soon thereafter,) the rich pulp under 
the bark becomes dried up and dissipated be¬ 
fore the next ensuing annual period. Neither 
will the bee select such trees as a place of de¬ 
posit. 
It is noteworthy that the bark, valuable for 
fuel, parts easily from the tree about the first 
of July. It is for those interested to make 
practical application of these principles.— 
Perhaps it is proper to add, that the sap of 
rails, cut as above and used more than ten 
years, is now fit for mechanical uses; that 
lodged trees and tops, a'ter several years ex¬ 
posure, have been found essentially sound.— 
When it is necessary or convenient to cut 
trees in autumn, winter, or spring, the bark 
should be removed. Implements prepared and 
laid away for use from the white of hickory, 
are subject to become powdered, from an 
agency different from the above. An appli¬ 
cation of brine, soap or grease, has been found 
use'ul in preserving ihem. 
In conclusion, while the first of July is 
herein indicated as the very earliest time to 
cut hickory, it is believed that it is safer and 
better to cut it late in July or early in August. 
—John McVean, Wheatland , N. Y., Feb. 14. 
Agricultural IRistcIkitj}. 
VALUE OF SHADE TREES. 
Eds. Bural. — I see that Mr. Dickinson is 
cutting down his shade trees! His children 
will not thank him for such an act of vandal¬ 
ism, and I question if even in the matter of 
profit, he does not prove “penny wise and 
pound foolish." It is a very narrow view to 
take of the use of trees, that they rob the crops, 
and prevent the cattle from fattening. Fully 
half their nourishment is absorbed from the 
atmosphere, and the rains that their shadow 
prevents from immediate evaporation; and all 
of this is returned to the soil duly, as the au¬ 
tumnal winds rob them of their verdure. The 
fertilizing effects of shade have been demon¬ 
strated beyond a doubt, and the cultivator 
who robs his fields of every tree, is doing his 
part to reduce them to the condition of those 
eastern lands, where perpetual barrenness has 
taken the place of smiling fields and vineyards. 
It is a senseless and wicked war that is waged 
by our people against the forest trees. We 
see its effects in the dried and drying springs 
and streams—even our lives feel the effect of 
it, and will do so more and more. Land 
which can never be cultivated, steep hill-sides 
and shaking swamps, must yet be “ cleared.” 
And, adding the consumption of Baiiroads to 
the wanton waste of the settlers, it really looks 
as if the next half century might find an abo¬ 
riginal forest tree as much of a curiosity, as an 
Indian is to the present—something heard of, 
but seldom seen.—*E.,* Tioga Co., Pa. 
SOWING CORN FOR FODDER.—GOOD COWS. 
Eds. Bural: —Much has been said about 
sowing corn for feed, and I think it a subject 
worthy of the attention of every farmer. I 
have practiced it for the last six years. The 
corn is ready to cut just in the pinch for feed 
in August and September, and will be found 
very valuable for feeding cows. The last sum¬ 
mer was very hot and dry, but all through the 
dog-days my butter came just as hard and 
nice as it did in June. I kept but two cows 
that gave milk, and from them I have sold 
3413^ lbs. of butter (for $63,35) besides what 
butter, milk and cream, we used in the family, 
and 45 lbs. reserved for winter use. My cows 
came in about the 1st of May, and are dry 
now. I fatted one calf worth $4, and raised 
two, one bought of a neighbor. My family 
was equal to six persons steadily.—W. V. I)., 
Albion, N. Y., Jan., 1855. 
The Death of Prof. S. P. Lathrop, of 
Janesville, Wis., is announced. Prof. L. has 
been for some time one of the editors of the 
Wisconsin Farmer, and his decease is a loss 
to the press and the agricultural community. 
N. Y. STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
ANNUAL MEETING — OFFICERS — PREMIUMS, &0. 
The last Annual Meeting of this venerable 
Society was held in Albany, on Wednesday, 
the 14th day of February, A. I). 1855. Not 
having received, as we expected, an account 
of the proceedings by one of our associates 
who was in attendance, we condense the fol¬ 
lowing from the reports published in the New 
York and Albany papers—deferring extended 
comments upon the singular and apparently 
suicidal action of the Society. 
The Society was called to order by the 
President, Mr. Kelly, of Dutchess. The An¬ 
nual Beport of the Executive Committee was 
then read by the Corresponding Secretary, Col. 
Johnson. Next in order was the Treasurer’s 
report, which exhibited a balance on hand of 
$2,314 18. In January, 1852, the balance 
reported in the Treasury was $12,318 14; 
hence the present report shows a fulling off, or 
decrease, of $10,003 96 in three years. 
The following amendment to the Constitu¬ 
tion, proposed last, year, was then introduced : 
“That the location of the Annual Fairs be 
made permanent, or for a term of.years, at one 
or more places.' ’ 
After considerable discussion, a motion to 
locate the Annual Fairs permanently, after 
the year 1855, was lost—ayes 63, noes 107. 
On motion a Committee of three from each 
Judicial District was chosen to nominate offi¬ 
cers for the ensuing year, and to recommend a 
place for holding the next Annual Fair — 
which said Committee reported as follows : 
President — Samuel Ciif.ever, of Saratoga. 
Vice Presidents —John C. Jackson, Isaac E. 
Haviland, George Vail, John McDonald, John 
A. Sherman, S. P. Chapman, D. C. Van Slyck, 
W. W. Weed. 
Executive Committee —Additional Members—T. 
S. Faxton, S. G. Faile, Charles Morrell, Antho¬ 
ny Van Bergen, W. C. Watson. 
Corresponding Secretary —B. P. Johnson. 
Recording Secretary —Luther Tucker. 
Treasurer —B. B. Kirkland. 
Mr. King reported that the committee had 
directed that the result of the ballot on the 
location of the State Fair should be stated— 
with the suggestion that the place having the 
highest vote should he selected, if the requisite 
bonds be furnished—if not, then to the place 
having the next highest, and so on. The vote 
stood :—Utica, 13 ; Elmira, 10 ; Watertown, 1. 
A motion to substitute Elmira for Utica, 
as the place for holding the Annual Fair, 
finally prevailed—ayes 107, noes 80. 
The location of the Fair having thus been 
changed, a motion was made, very properly as 
we conceive, to further amend the report of 
the Committee, by striking out the name of 
Samuel Cheever, and substituting that of 
Ciias. Lee, of Penn Yau, as President. An 
ex-president of the Society (residing in Alba¬ 
ny.) protested against this attempt to change 
the report of the Committee in regard to offi¬ 
cers, as calculated to excite bad feelings and 
lead to the worst results !■—and the motion 
was magnanimously withdrawn. "Whereupon 
the report of the Committee in regard to offi 
cers was adopted, and the persons named unan 
mously elected by ballot, (the President alone 
voting!) 
So the Fair is to be located at Elmira, 
while the prominent officers reside at or in the 
vicinity of Albany. Heretofore it has been 
customary, we believe, to select the President, 
at least, from the region where the Fair was 
located. How the Farmers of Southern and 
"Western New York will like the new arrange- 
ment, remains to be seen. It does not strike 
us as either judicious, just or reformatory. 
To spare the feelings of the central regency, 
‘perhaps the name of the Society should be 
changed to Albany State Ag. Society, all the 
Fairs held there or in the vicinity, and the 
officers selected accordingly. Perhaps the 
People and Press of the best Agricultural re¬ 
gion in the State would tamely submit, and 
not protest against it, lest “ bad feelings,” and 
worse results, might be engendered—but that 
they will acquiesce in the course now pursued, 
remains to be determined. 
The “ "Winter Exhibition” of the Society is 
spoken of as fair, but inferior to some pre¬ 
ceding displays. We subjoin a list of the 
Premiums awarded : 
on farms. 
1. Wm. ?. Ottley, Phelps, Ontario Co.,— 
plate, $50. 2d. George W. Coffin, Amenia, 
Dutchess Co.,—plate, $30. 
FIELD CROFS. 
Wheat, Rye and Oats.— For the best crop of 
Winter Wheat, 4 766-1,000 acres, to Jarvis M. 
Skinner, Barre, Orleans Co., 40 bush., 16 lbs. 
per acre, first premium, $15. 
For the best crop of Rye, to Hiram Converse, 
Jefferson Co., 2 23-100 acres, 04 bushels, first 
premium, $15. 
For the best crop of Oats, to E. M. Bradley, 
Ontario Co., for Poland Oats, 2 40-100 acres, 
85g bush, per acre, by weight 32 lbs. per bush., 
first premium, $15. 2d. E. M. Bradley, On¬ 
tario Co., for common Oats, 3 41-100 acres, 
82s bushels per acre, second premium, $10. 
GRAIN AND SEEDS. 
Best five bushels of Spring Wheat, John II. 
Zimmerman, Pamelia, Jefferson Co., $5. 2d. 
do., David Coonradt, Brunswick, Rensselaer 
Co., S3. 
Best five bushels Rye, David Coonradt, $5. 
2d. do., A. E. Van Allen, Greenbush, $3. 3d. 
do., Jacob Wally, Bethlehem, $2. 
Best five bushels two-rowed Barley, weight 
55 Jbs. to the bushel, O. Howland, $5. 2d. 
do., weight 43 lbs., Wm. Davidson, Hartwich, 
Otsego County, $3. 
Best five bushels Oats, 44j lbs., David Coon¬ 
radt, $5. 2d. do., 34i lbs., Henry Schoon- 
tnaker, Albany Co., $3. 8d. do., Jacob Wally, 
Albany County, 32j lbs., $2. 
Corn. —Best five bushels, yellow, 60 lb 3 ., 
V. Burgess, Chatham, Col. Co., S5. 2d. do., 
60 lbs., O. Howland, Auburn, $3. 3d. do., 
J. P. Noxon, Whitecreck, Washington Co., $3. 
Best five bushels white corn, 58 lbs., David 
Coonradt, Brunswick, $5. 
Best five bushels Peas, Marrowfats, O. How¬ 
land, $5. 
Best five bushels large White Beans, cal'od 
Marrowfats, $5. Hurd best, smad White Pea 
Beans, 0- Howland, $2. 
Best five bushels small Clover Seed, 64 lbs., 
O. Howland, $3. 
Best five bushels Timothy Seed, 49 lbs., O. 
Howland, $3. 2d. do., 46 lbs., J. H. Zimmer¬ 
man, Pamelia, Jefferson County, $2. 
Discretionary. — Douw Van Vechten, Mo¬ 
hawk, for best quality of Seed. Vol. Trans. 
Henry Schoonmaker, Bethlehem, best 5 bu. 
Buckwheat. 2 Vol. Trans. 
William Davidson, Otsego Co., for good 
quality of Buckwheat. Vol. Trans. 
FAT CATTLE AND SHEEP. 
Best Ox, 4 years old, John Lee, Cambridge, 
Mass., S25 ; 2d, Thomas Kimber, Onondaga 
County, $20 ; 3d, Levi Johnson, Jef. Co., $16. 
Best 3 year old Steer, white Durham, Thos. 
Kimber, Onondaga Co., $25; 2d, Nathaniel 
Lynch, Auburn, $20 ; 3d, do, $15. 
Best fat Cow, roan Durham, 4 years old, 
Thomas Kimber, Onondaga Co., $10 ; 2d, W. 
F. Baker, Henrietta, $15. 
Best three-years-o d Heifer, Earl & Salisbury, 
Ellisburgh, $15; 2d, do, $10. 
Best Spayed Heifer, 3 years old, Durham A. 
Fitch, $10. 
Best Long-Wool Sheep, to E. Gazley, Clin¬ 
ton, Dutchess Co., $10 ; 2d, Elias W. Cady, 
Dry den, $8 ; 3d, Sandford Cook, New-Scot- 
land, Albany Co., $5. 
Yearl’gLong-Wool Sheep, Wm. F. Baker,$8. 
Cross-breed Sheep, Amos C. Wright, llensse- 
lacrwyck, $10. 
dressed meats. 
Sheep. —Best Long-Wool Sheep, first premi¬ 
um to E. Gazley, $5. 
Middle-Wool, first premium to Snowden & 
Charles, Albany, $5 ; 2d, to do, $3. 
Cross-Breed. — First premium to Obudiah 
Holland, Auburn, $5 ; 2d, to do, $3. 
Hogs, over 350 lbs.—First premium to Geo. 
Swartz, Albany, $5 ; 2d, J. H. Gardner, S3. 
Hogs, less than 350 lbs.—First premium to 
Snowden & Charles, Albany, $5. 
Sides of Beef. —First premium to Snowden 
& Charles, $5 ; 2d, to do, $3. 
Turkeys. —First premium to O. Howland, 
Auburn, $2; 2d, E. S. Hayward, Roch’r, $4. 
Geese. —First premium to Wm. Dawson, $2. 
Ducks. —First premium to Wm. Dawson, $2. 
FRUITS. 
Apples. —Best 20 varieties, E. S. Hayward, 
Rochester, Diploma and $3 ; 2d, Wm. David¬ 
son, Hartwick, Otsego Co., $2 ; best 10 varie¬ 
ties, Robert 11. Brown, Greece, Monroe Co., 
Diploma and $3 ; 2d, W. Ives, Watertown, 
Barry and $1. Best dish of Apples, James H. 
Watts, liociiester, S. S. Medal. E. S. Hay¬ 
ward, Rochester, for specimens of Currant 
Wine and Isabella Grapes, 8. 8. Medal and $1. 
PEAS, BEANS, POTATOES, AC. 
Potatoes. —First premium on quantity, Pe¬ 
ter Crispell, Jr., Hurley, Ulster Co., $8. 
First premium on table quality, D. A. Bulk- 
ley, Wiiliamstown Mass., $8. 
Best acre 'iimothy 8eed, Douw Van Vech¬ 
ten, $5. 
Clover 8eed, first premium, Douw Von 
Vechten, $5. 
Broom Corn, B. Cheesebro, Guilderland, $5. 
BUTTER AND CHEESE. 
Cheese. —First premium to J. Ives, Jefferson 
Co., si.ver cup vatued at $15. 8econd do. to 
E. F. Carter, Le Roy, Jefferson Co., silver cup 
valued at $10. J. & D. H. Cary, a discre¬ 
tionary premium recommended, voj. Trans. 
Butter. —First premium to Noah Hitchcock, 
Homer, Cortland Co., silver cup valued at $15. 
8econd do. to Jones Lusher, Quaker Springs, 
Saratoga Co., silver cup valued at $10. 'third 
do. to Joseph Daniels, Greenfield, Saratoga 
Co., $5. Discretionary premium to Abram 
Wait, New-Lebanon, vol. Trans. 
Pennsylvania State Ag. Society. — The 
next Exhibition of this Society is announced 
to commence on the 25th of September. ’The 
Society will receive proposals until the first of 
April, from the various cities and towns of the 
State, before deciding relative to the location 
of the exhibition, llarrisburgh and Philadel¬ 
phia are apparently the principal competitors, 
each being desirous of securing the location. 
PLASTER 0E PARIS AND GREEN MANURE. 
In conversation, not long since, with Mr. 
Benjamin Chandler, an industrious and ob¬ 
serving farmer in Starks, Somerset County, he 
observed that he has, by experiment, ascer¬ 
tained how he could use green or unfermented 
manure in the hills of corn. Formerly, when¬ 
ever he put unfermented manure in the hills, 
the corn would, instead of growing thrift ily, 
as is the case when well rotted manure is used 
in this way, become yellow in color, and seems 
to be injured rather than benefited by it.— 
This he attributed to too great a supply of. 
ammonia, or other substance liberated when 
the manure begau to ferment. 
Having read that Plaster of Paris would 
absorb and change the action or nature of 
ammonia, he tried it in this way. After pla¬ 
cing a shovel full of green manure in the hill, 
he covered it over with soil, and on this threw 
a large spoonful or more of Plaster of Paris, 
then dropped his corn and covered it. When 
thus planted, the corn invariably grew rank, 
and filled the ears as well as if the manure 
had been thoroughly composed and decom¬ 
posed. 
One spring, when planting his corn in this 
way, he had not plaster enough to go over the 
whole field, and accordingly was under the ne¬ 
cessity of planting a portion of it with green 
manure in the holes and no plaster over it.— 
The result was an excellent crop as far as the 
plaster was used, while in the remainder of the 
field the corn was yellow and sickly during the 
whole season, and yielded comparatively little. 
These are important facts in the corn culture. 
—Farm Journal. 
...........>»»>.»«.MK«><»».»». 
