II 
" *' M ___ 
MOORE’S RuRAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
Cjrt dtatatat: 
THE GALVANIC BATTERY. 
O v In the progress of civilization there seem to 
... be era3 marked by peculiar events; several 
JOE IS A DUNCE great discoveries are made simultaneously, or 
"_ ’ so nearly as to be reckoned cotemporary, 
It need not be proclaimed that Joe is a whose united effects put forward the hu- 
dunce. The fact is patent in every move and man race more in a score of years than it has 
action on the part of Joe. A large lumber- previously advanced in a century. . Among 
bering fellow, uncouth in person, dull in fea- the many marked events of our own time may 
ture, and awkward in manners, his physical be included as especially worthy of note the 
developments are type.s of his mental activi- improved methods of transportation and travel, 
ties. He is not a fool, but then his intellect and the rapidity of transmitting intelligence, 
move 3 so slow, his perception is so obtuse, the chief agent in the former being the appli- 
and his capacity to grapple an idea so long in cation of steam to the rail-cai and the steam- 
manifesting itself, that he receives less credit ship, and in the latter, the e;ectric telegraph, 
for mental capacity than he really deserves.— The ancients, when they attributed to 
The whole world long since voted him a dunce, Jove sole power over the avenging thunder, 
his own father's family acknowledge it when did not dream that modern science would dis- 
drivento say anything upon the subject, the arm it of all its terrors, and enable. mortal 
sohoolmaster, time and again, when vexed by man not only to grapple it with impunity, but 
Joe’s obtuseness, proclaimed it before the also to reduce its fierce spirit to perfect sub¬ 
whole school, his companions taking the cue mission to his will. It comes and goes at his 
from the foregoing, cast the reproach in his bidding, furnishes a light of a brilliancy sec- 
teeth, and Joe himself feels in his soul, heavy ond only to the sun, perfonrs the most diffi- 
as it make .3 him sometimes, the justness of the cult analyses in the laboratory, and the most 
assertion. elaborate manipulations of the artisan. There 
What matters it that Joe possesses one is scarcely any limit to it if its power is prop- 
of the kindest hearts that ever beat in a hu- erly applied. In its subtle chemical develop- 
man bosom ; that he never repelled contumely ment it precipitates metals from solution into 
with contumely, nor scorn with scorn; that solid plates, resolves compound substances into 
he never gave a reproachful word to father or their constituent elements, melts the most 
mother, brother or sister; that he would dis- obstinate materials, writes legible epistles in¬ 
commode himself to the utmost to benefit an- stantaneously hundreds of miles distant, works 
other; and that hate, envy, and uncharitable- the Jacquard loom so as to w r eave the most 
ness were alike strangers to his bosom ? He intricate patterns, and does a thousand other 
is a dunce, and that subjects him to obloquy things equally surprising, 
and contempt. The histor y and development of the galvan- 
Without going back to inquire how much ic battery we do not propose to give, suffice it 
of Joe’s obtuseness may be chargeable upon to say that it trod close on the heels, and was a 
his parents’ misconduct or misfortunes before natural result of a knowledge of common elec- 
his birth, we may legitimately inquire under tricity. The discovery of electricity chemically 
the educational head how much of it may be developed is attributed to Galvani, Professor 
set down to mismanagement subsequent to of anatomy at Bologna, about the year 1790 ; 
that all important era in Joe’s life. He was and the first regular battery was constructed 
a homely uncouth baby, of whom his mother bv Professor Volta, of Pavia, early in the 
was ashamed at first, and in the beginning present century. This has since been improv- 
drew unfavorable comparisons between him ed and differently constructed so as to give it 
and her other children. He was late in learn- an immensely greater power. Ihe battery 
ing to walk, talked later and imperfectly at now used for telegraphic purposes is that 
that, and from the earliest dawnings of his in- known as the Grove battery. It consists of 
tellect gave indications of an obtuse mind. In a series of glass cups, in each of which is placed 
after years as he grew apace, and other chil- a thick cylinder ot zinc with a longitudinal 
dren were added to the household group, J oe opening so as to allow free circulation to a di- 
was gradually set back to give place to more lute sulphuric acid with which the cup is filled, 
promising members of the family. If one of Inside each zinc cylinder is placed another 
the boys was detained from school to do some smaller cup ol unglazed porcelain containing 
drudgery, he was sure to be the one selected a slip of platinum. The porcelain cup is filled 
for two out of many reasons ; one was he nev- with strong nitric acid, and the glass one with 
er grumbled at work, never found fault or ob- sulphuric acid diluted with ten or twelve 
jected to anything, and the second was that parts of water. 
the other and smarter children who were per- A. series of these cups connected together 
haps contending for prizes of scholarship, constitute the Grove battery, which generates 
RALPH WALDO EMERSON. 
Halil)al| HTusiags 
Written for Mooro’s Rural New-Yorfcer. 
CALMER SCENES. 
I love all the seasons of the revolving year. 
Each one ha 3 its own peculiar and attractive 
features—something to distinguish it from the 
others, giving it a character and interest all 
its own. But reviving, budding Spring, and 
fading, though ever cheerful Autumn, have 
charms for me that neither the dazzling splen¬ 
dors of Summer, nor the stormy magnificence 
of Winter possess. 
I like, now and then, to have my sentiments 
of admiration awakened by scenes of sublimity 
and grandeur ; but emotions inspired by the 
presence of the gentle and beautiful in nature 
and action, better harmonize with my more 
habitual feelings and sympathies. The tower¬ 
ing mountain and the boundless ocean may be 
majestic, but the many-tinted flowers are love¬ 
ly, and the soft musical murmur of the stream¬ 
let is soothing. On theselcau look and listen 
with delight, when I would gladly turn away 
from the others—over-awed and wearied by 
the contemplation of so much vastness and 
power. 
At the close of the day, after having gone 
“about doing good”—with mild glories of 
redeeming loveliness radiating, like a halo of 
light, all around him —our Saviour used to 
could not afford to lose a recitation. 
In school the teacher took pride in the ad¬ 
vancement of his scholars ; he rejoiced in ex- 
au immense volume of electricity, sufficient to 
send a current around a circuit under favora¬ 
ble circumstances of hundreds of miles in ex¬ 
hibiting a splendid class before the examining t en t- T° produce the galvanic phenomena, 
committee and he believed there was more tne poles of the battery must be brought to- 
glory in bringing out a dozen remarkable pro¬ 
ficients to challenge the admiration of specta¬ 
tors, than in guiding and steadying the uncer¬ 
tain footsteeps of a score of blockheads such as 
gether, or be united by some conducting sub¬ 
stance so that the fluid can perform a circuit, 
passing off from the positive to the negative 
side of the battery, as the belt of a machine 
Joe. In all other relations it was the same, leaves its driver and returns again over the an ie pr , , 
neglect and too often scorn usurped the prov- driven pulley to the place from whence it the American Pitre 
inceof encouragement and kindness, until de- started. ^ . _-- - 
spair took the place of hope, and even the fee- The subject of electrical magnetism will be QTFDGF 
ble stimulants to exertion were crushed out of noticed in the next ot these brief papers. ‘ __ 
his bosom. He has grown up a confirmed EXPANDING THE CHEST 
dunce, where, with proper treatment, he might J ‘ A x "__ 
have been made a man of at least respectableca- Those in wealthy circumstances, or who 
pacities. The dim spark of intellectual fire pursue sedentary employments within doors, 
might have been fanned into a living flame, generally use their lungs but very littb, breathe 
and a man of tolerable mental endowments but very little into.the cheat.and thus, mde- 
„ . .. . pendently of positions, contract a wretch- 
have been now living in the place of a dull and e( jjy nan . ow , small chest, and lay the founda- 
mentally deficient human being. Poor J oe ! t; on f or the loss of health and beauty. All 
he will have one thing in his favor at the last, this can be perfectly obviated by a little atten- 
that will be denied to many of those who look tion to the manner of breathing. _ Recollect, 
down upon him with contempt, and that is the t } ie luil S s are j ikea bidder iu tlie j r co . nrf |!' uc ' 
i xiAx , r xx, . ... , ,,, tion, and can be stretched open to double their 
plea that to whom little is given of him mt lit- or( qj nar y s j ZG) w ith perfect immunity from con- 
tie will be required. sumption. The agent, and the only agent re- 
-- ~T. ... quired, is the common air we breathe, suppos- 
Advice for Y oung Men. It is impossible however, that no obstacle exists external 
for us to say what occupation would be most tbe c hest, such as lacing or tying it around 
lucrative to a young man, particularly as we with stays, or tight dresses, or having the skoul- 
know nothing of his talents or acquirements, derg j a y U p 0n jt. On rising in the morning 
We would, however, say, as a general rule to p] ace yourself in an erect posture, your chest 
all, “ do not make haste to be rich. jYdopt thrown back, and shoulders entirely off the 
some safe and regular business, in which you chegt . uow inha i e or suc k all the air you can, 
may realize a comfortable living, and be con- gQ as to flU the cliest to the bottom of it, so 
tent. If a person is prudent and economical, ^ a t no more can be got in ; now hold your 
there is generally no danger but he will succeed. breath and throw your arms 0 ff behind, hold- 
The idea of “ getting rich ’ is a vain and j n g y 0ur breath as long as you please. Done 
foolish one, and men generally spend half their cold room is better, because the air is 
lives in finding out that to accomplish this ob- muc b denser, and will act more powerfully in 
ject is a useless undertaking. There are thou- expanding the chest. Exercising the chest in 
sands ot persons at the present time suffering this manner will enlarge the capacity and size 
from the pangs .ot poverty, who if they had 0 f tj ie lungs .—Common School Advocate. 
been content with a sufficiency, would now _"____ 
have been comfortable and happy. The edu- The De Vaux College.— The property 
cation that we get in the world is more dearly beaueathed bv the late Judere Be Y aux for 
retire to the secluded groves of Olivet, or pSn- 
The philosophical dreamer whose portrait Journal says :—“ We once heard him deliver sively wander alone on the shores of the Gaii- 
heads this article, was born in Boston in the a lecture, at the close of which a vote of disap- lean Lake. I would rather have seen him in 
year 1803. His father was a Cougregationalist probation was passed, because, as alleged, his one of those moments of quiet and thoughtful 
clergyman of a cultivated and classic mind, views clashed with the Bible, to which we do loneliness—far above the angels in his Divinity, 
though not a man of distinguished intellect; not remember that he made any reply ; wheth- yet a little below them iu his humanity than 
and his mother, w r ko recently deceased at an er because he quailed before censure, or pro- when, amidst the wild tempest, he walked om- 
advanced age, was a woman of rare beauty ferred, in dignified silence, to leave them where nipotent on the billowy surface of the raging 
and accomplishments. Young Emerson made his lecture placed them, we coukl not perceive.” waters, and by the utterance of a simple word 
early a rapid progress in his studies, although Gilfillan’s Gallery of Literary Portraits is dispelled the fears of his terror-stricken disci- 
not looked upon by his acquaintances as a particularly savage on Emerson’s ethical opin- pies, making all calm and peaceful, 
prodigy. He entered Harvard University in ions, charging him with using language to- But whether we prefer the sublime or the 
his fourteenth year, and graduated in 1821. wards the Saviour, which no man of culture beautiful — the untrodden solitude or the 
During the term of his collegiate course, he would now apply to a Caesar, a Danton, or a thronged city—the means for the full gratifi- 
became somewhat celebrated from his literary Napoleon. The influence of his writings, cat i on 0 f our tastes may be found thrown 
essays, one of which, “ The Death of Socrates,” ^ch is acknowledged to be great over around i n rich profusion on every side, and at 
gained for its author the first prize for excel- young, sincere and liberal minds, must, the a p times. We have only to look abroad and 
fence of composition. writer thinks, rapidly go down like an October reac h forth our hands to claim and enjoy them. 
After taking his degree at Harvard, Emer- sun, very bright, but which is too late for study books as much as we choose, still there 
SON, in connection with an elder brother, estab- ripening anything, and which, after a brief is both truth and philosophy in the lessons of 
lished a school for young ladies in Boston, meridian, and a briefer afternoon, sinks, as if the Poet of the country: 
which, under their control, soon stood at the in haste and confusion, below the horizon. “ Nature u man’s best teacher. Sha unfolds 
head of all similar institutions in the city.— These opinions are, however, it must be Her treasures to his search unseals his eye, 
Surrendering the school, he again entered the borne in mind, those of a foreigner, and one tom'uHhesight ■ andsounds 
University as a theological student, and took not supposed to look very favorably upon Of her existence ; she is Wisdom’s self, 
orders as a Unitarian clergyman, settling final- ! American genius. Like all other successful Rest yields she to the 1 weary ’ of the earth¬ 
ly in Boston. His peculiar views of theology j literary men, Emerson has his enemies both 
and ethics soon drew upon him the opposition i nt home and abroad, a circumstance sufficient of bitter disappointment piorce the soul, 
of the orthodox portion of the sect, and even- ! in itself to establish literary merit iu his works. when our eye sickens at the sight of man, 
trolly caused him to resign Us clerical charge, j These works are few in number, but widely o» “ST, 
and retire from the ministry, lie now lives circulated, and consist of two series ot essays Are then our comforters, a medicine 
in elegant retirement, at Concord, Massachu- ; a volume of poems, a volume entitled “ Na-’ Breathes in the wind that fans our fevered brow, 
setts and pursues at leisure his favorite studies ture,” another, “ Representative Men,” several 1116 blessed BUnshl “® yi ® ld ® a sweot de !'“ ht - 
huts.duu piueuw . r o o The bird’s low warble thrills our very heart, 
and speculations. : lectin es, anniversary discourses, Arc., &c. xhe flower is eloquent of peace and joy, 
Emerson is a popular public lecturer, origi- Like Theodore Parker and other of his co- And better thoughts comeo’er us. Lighter hearts 
nal in style, and unique in expression. His ; temporaries of the transcendental school, And purer feeiing3 cheer our homeward way, 
peculiar sentiments have drawn down upon j Ralph Waldo Emerson bears before the And rest a higher, holier trust in God.” 
him many severe censures, both of the pulpit : world an irreproachable private life. His Watertown, Wis. d. w. baiaou, Jr. 
and the press ; but at the same time he has 1 worst enemies can breathe no censure against - — - 
many warm admirers and personal friends. ; the purity of Jiis conduct, the generosity of THE LORD'S PRAYER. 
The editor of the American Phrenological his character, or the benevolence of his heart. - 
■ - - ' .. . What shall one feel in the presence of this 
’ THE CZAR IN HI8 SLEDGE. | Erpr.MiSACv.-The mischiefs of luxury iu of his mivcrsalChurchl 
- : producing effeminacy of character and degra- (?f s beea tae P ra 7® r bis ^versal Church ! 
Let us stand on one side, for the Emperor’s ’ dation of principle, stand out conspicuously f ™ d sentences this prayer That • firsT oUn- 
sledee is coming. He is dressed in a gray j upon the historic canvas of all nations. Plu- ^ cred 01 -fv Aid r a P 
military cloak a!id leather helmet ornamented ; filch informs us that, in the early times of 
with gold, precisely similar to that of any other j ancient Britain, such were the temperance and , * . t and b uddin«- desires of childhood • 
officer! He has a fine face ; his fair complex- simplicity of the early inhabitants, that they ^ h nafents’ love • it is full of 
ion and the general cast of his features show did not begin to grow old until they attained P ti f home P brother and sifter and 
his German descent, but there is something the age of more than a century. The effects It evening’ prayer When 
peculiarly disagreeable about his eyes llis of luxurious refinement in the British Isles- h gun ^ down . wh J shadows stretch- 
noble figure amply fills the sledge which drn-es surpassing, as it now does, in elaborate con- d themadv » forth ^ ore widel when the 
at a rapid rate past us. His Majesty looks veuience and artificial excess, the wildest flight . hung silent over the horizon, when 
much older than a few months ago ; his hair of Oriental fable-are visible m the des itution D* insects | ere fall of chirpingg . a ; d the 
is grayer and his shoulders rounder, yet he is and misery of the lower classes, and the un- M ^ bat fl himself no ise!esslfabout for 
a fine man still. He acknowledges the low natural struggle rendered necessary among the Wg food th ? n the hash of the day, bended 
bows ot his people by a military salute, and higher. before a mother’s knees, with little hands in¬ 
leaves behind him as he advances many open —— noce ntly put together, and held in hers, with 
mouths and wide-staring eyes among the sheep- Hobson s CHOiCE.-T.he expression. Hob- gta^iSg Repetition, we echo with our child's 
skin gentry, who perhaps have jus come into son s Choice, is proverbial both in Europe and { the * oft \ Qyf voice of mothe as she ut _ 
St. Petersburg with the “winter-loads, and America. Ihe story of its origin is thus tered ’ wit hlove and awe this divinekprayer, 
can scarcely gaze their fill at the Czar, who, stated:—Thomas Hobson was a celebrated Tj . \ J 
in their ignorance, they imagine a kind of carrier in Cambridge, England, who to his It is, therefore, as sacred as use, as love, as 
God upon the earth. Look! the Emperor is employment in that capacity added the profes- meaio p’, as devotion, as the hope of heaven, 
giving a military salute to some ladies in a sion of supplying the students at the Uiiiverai- a . the love ot goodness can make it. iso 
blue carriage, with two Cossacks in scarlet ty with horses. Iu doing this, he made it an using will wear it away; it is like the atmos- 
behind; it is Her Majesty the Empress, and unalterable rule that every horse should have phere. fetones crumble under continual toot¬ 
her daughter. The red uniform of the Cos- an equal portion of time in which to rest, as steps, the hardest wood will wear under the 
sacks is the distinctive mark between her liv- well as labor. Hence, he always refused to s °t tes t aanaS that do ply it lor years, but one 
ery and that of the wife of the heir apparent, let a horse out of his turn, however desirous ma Y rusa through the air torevev, and it. can- 
whichisblue.— The English Woman in Russia, the applicant might be of choosing for himself. I ' ot be chafed or worn, it has recovering 
-- Hence the saving--Hobson’s choice: this, force, like tabled spiritual natures, when 
Instinctive Fear. —Dr. Gilman, in an arti- or none." wounded, with instant power to heal itselt.— 
11 Nature U man’s best teacher. Sha unfolds 
Her treasures to his search, unseals his eye. 
Illumes his mind, and purifies his heart. 
An influence breaths from all the sights and sounds 
Of her existence ; she is Wisdom’s self. 
Best yields she to the ‘ weary ’ of the earth — 
Its 1 haavy-laden ’ she endows with strength. 
When sorrow presses on us, when the stings 
Of bitter disappointment piorce the soul, 
When our eye sickens at the sight of man, 
Our ear turns loathing from his jarring voice, 
The shadowy forest and the quiet Holds 
Are then our comforters. A medicine 
Breathes in the wind that fans our fevered brow, 
The blessed sunshine yields a sweet delight. 
The bird ’3 low warble thrills our very heart. 
The flower is eloquent of peace and joy, 
And better thoughts comeo’er us. Lighter hearts 
And purer feelings cheer our homeward way. 
We prize more deep the blessings that are o urs. 
And rest a higher, holier trust in Gon.” 
Watertown, Wis. D. W. Baliou, Jr. 
THE LORD'S PRAYER. 
Instinctive Fear. —Dr. Gilman, m an arti¬ 
cle on poisonous snakes, relates the following 
suggestive incident:—“A large rattlesnake, 
have been comfortable and happy. Ihe edu- The De y AUX College. — The property 
cation that we get in the world is more dearly bequeathed by the late Judge De A aux for 
bought than our youthful instruction, and it establishment of a College at Niagara 
would be well if young men would more gen¬ 
erally profit by the example which every day 
life affords them .—Germantown Telegraph. 
A Useful Hint.- 
; men would more gen- b \ lbS) appears to have considerably increased 
imple which e\ ery day ; u va ] ue yjnee his death. The Buffalo Courier 
mantown 1 elegrapli. gayg the estimated value of the endow- 
- ment, at the time of the Judge’s decease, was 
The difference between from $100,000 to $125,000. The trustees ot 
rising every morning at six, and at eight, in the estate, since that time, have paid debts and 
the course of forty years amounts to 29,200 legacies to the amount of about $50,000, and 
hours, or 3 years, 121 days and 16 hours, there now remains in their hands personal 
which are 8 hours a day for exactly 10 years; property valued at $105,000, and real estate 
so that rising at six will be the same as if estimated at $70,000—making a total ol $175,- 
teu years of life were added, wherein we may 000, exclusive of the domain oi the Iustitu- 
command eight hours every day for the culti- tion, three hundred and thirty-four acres ot 
vation of our minds and the dispatch of busi- ■ land, which is to remain forever as the proper- 
uess. ' ty of the government of the College. 
It is, therefore, as sacred as use, as love, as 
memory, as devotion, as the hope of heaven, 
and the love of goodness can make it. No 
using will wear it away; it is like the atmos- 
mce the saving—“Hobson’s choice: this, force, like fabled spiritual natures, when 
none." wounded, with instant power to heal itself.— 
, ,. ,, ^_ And like that ethereal sunlit atmosphere in 
The Upheaving in Europe.— Should the this divine prayer, that remains fiesh in ever- 
llltr 111011 urmiiess Ul lCIVC uy uyiuj: l'.xxxx xiio . _, '' , 
the hand steady while the serpent struck at it, “ Poland is in her sepulchre, but she has her wbea a ^ e J; 0 s ]P. ve F aa d tremble among 
not one could be found whose hand would not clarion in her hand; Hungary is in her shroud, ® ur decayed boughs, this is that which, like the 
recoil in spite of his resolution ; and one man, but she cleuches her sabre; Italy is in her damsel sought out tor David, lies m our bosom, 
a great bully, by-the-by, was struck on the tomb, but she has a fire at her heart; France is and lends us warmth, and breathes another life 
naked throat with considerable force by the in the grave, but she has a star on her fore- into our decaying me. 
headless trunk of the serpent, and staggered head ; and all signs announce to us the morn- -—— -—- 
back, fainted and fell, from terror.” ing is the hour for awakening.” BEWAREof all the malignant passions. They 
-- i " "• *' ’ *"•" “ are great foes to grace. Envy is devilish.— 
Cheerfully acknowledge merit in others, Talent and art must go hand in hand.— Hatred is murderous. Wrath is cruel. Even 
and in turn you will always receive that kiind Birds rise not by means ot the wing feathers peevishness destroys equanimity, and then con- 
consideration which you desire. When you only, but by those which guide their flight. nected thought is impossible. God’s Spirit is 
canuot consistently praise, by all means remain-- - a dove, not a bird of prey. He flies from 
silent, unless there be a manilest wrong, de- To-morrow : the day when misers give, noise and strife. He who ruleth not his own 
serving censure. when idlers work, and when sinners reform. spirit will be ruled by an evil spirit. 
