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VOLUME VI. NO. 14.} 
ROCHESTER. N. Y.-SATURMY, APRIL 7, 1855. 
WHOLE NO. 274. 
1ffl'rmri' , <! VI nr A Vl.rilt-IInrfifr - of rarraers wh0 ha ve long been residents of bie for food, but as an effectual method of 
(JfcUHIH'b £UUtU Western New York would be interesting and making clean lands without summer fallow, 
AGRICULTURAL LITERARY, & FAMILY JOURNAL. T „ +u u * i ,. . , or tbe more ex P ensive process of a hoed crop. 
==-=-_ rr. rjrnn-o^ ^ die above crude suggestions based upon Plow the land late in autumn, and again in 
CQNDUCTEDBY A D.J. M 0. .E. the theory, or fact, that our climate is undergo- May, Ihe latter plowing not very deep, after 
J. H. bixby, T. c. peters, edward Webster, mg a change are correct, every farmer will which harrow it down, leaving it until the 
special Contributors : see the necessity of varying his plans, and sma ll weeds begin to appear, harrow again 
t. E. wk™. modes and times of operation, to correspond and sow the millet early in June. The crop 
— with the seasons. And, in order that he may will come olf in August, after the labors of 
beautifuHn^appearance, and unsurpassed in Valued Purity be prf‘P are( I to do this to the best advan- the general harvest, when the land may be well 
and Variety of Contents, its conductors earnestly labor tage to perform his spring plowing, seeding, plowed and sown to wheat, or left for a crop 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical &c., in two weeks, instead of occupying a month 0 f corn the succeeding snrino- 
ssz j'virrri" ssn F,.„ m fte imta *j a Lz to which » ri . 
Horticultural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News GG SG arranged and matured, that no cielay pens, the seed will not all grow, and the 
Matter, interspersed with many appropriate and beautiful may occur when the season arrives for active amount of seed to an acre varies with differ- 
0 P“«™ S - But perhaps such remarks are ent farmers from twenty quarts to one bushel, 
and Family Newspaper. superfluous in this connection ; and we pre- Qf the propriety and profits of its cultivation 
(JAUitU 3jww-^wnu ♦ 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LIT ERARY, & FAMILY JOURNAL. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE. 
associate editors : 
J. H. BIXBY, T. C. PETERS, EDWARD WEBSTER. 
Special Contributors : 
T. E. Wctjiore, ID C. White, H. T. Brooks, L. Wetherell. 
Ladies’ Port-Folio by Azile. 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
Engravings, than any other paper published in this 
Country,—rendering it a complete Agricultural, Literary 
and Family Newspaper. 
For Terms, and other particulars, see last page. 
surne the great majority of our agricultural every tiller of the soil will be his own judu-e. 
readers are not only prepared for, but impa- We are fully persuaded much forage can be 
tiently awaiting the period when farm labor raised for cattle by the use of millet and alg0 
may be judiciously commenced. And we of corD? sown broad-cast and in drills, and 
A SMALL COUNTRY HOUSE. 
PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT. 
THE SEASON.—ITS LESSONS AND LABORS. 
After a Winter of unexampled severity and 
continuance for this region, SpringJme has 
finally arrived, though there are few positive 
indications, in either earth, air or sky, of its 
. # wivau uwu 1X1 Ul 1UO, CXliU ttt „ . 
trust their order and system are such in all have not a doubt that farmers can procure Iuim ^. or ou f rea ^ ers a design for a Three spacious bedrooms, situated directly over 
operations as to enable each to apply his skill, the necessary amount of fodder for winter use ’ c °tt a ge-like Italian country-house, which the three larger rooms below, are contained in 
labor and capital to the very best advantage, from legs land and at a less expensive rate.— a™ 7 be eitbei ’ a farm-house of a finished charac- the second story. The kitchen is amply pro- 
and with comparative ease, notwithstanding l.pl nf i_;i -vt _-cr„-, ter > or a village or suburban residence for a virWl wiili nlnoaia rlacTcrrtniatl Ltt 4Ln 1/vf-fivn ^ 
and with comparative ease, notwithstanding The bulk of meadow land in New Tork doeg 
unfavorable seasons and apparently adverse not yield to exceed one and a half tons of good 
circumstan ces. _ _ hay per acre for a series of years, and the 
CULTIVATION OF MILLET. 
farmers and dairymen will find this too expen- 
ter, or a village or suburban residence for a 
small family. 
The exterior, of which the above is a perspec¬ 
tive view, requires but little explanation. We 
vided with closets, designated by the letter c. 
- * ^ vavvaj. 7 vu II AAA 1AUU L lHO UUP W\ UCJU” 1-1 , 
sive for profitable farming or dairying at the T 7 r T ar V. h °*' ever ’ that the roof is steeper 
present price of land. Food for cattle in sum- ? an . ? ahan houses generally, which gives 
indications, in either earth, air or sky, of its In answer to several inquiries about Millet present price of land. Food for cattle in sum- j t a dec j ded advaidao - e • 
advent in reality. For four long months the and its cultivation, it will be in order to say m er and winter must be obtained at a cheaper da er 0 f j eak e IpjL 
earth has been ice and snow bound, and vege- that this grain is cultivated for several pur- rate and from less land, and wo think one d t i • ° '. , 1S j 
it a decided advantage, in securing it from all 
danger of leakage. This steepness can only be 
earm nas oeen ice ana snuw uuuna, ana vegu- tnni/ tins gium uiunvctieu iur several pur- j «uu, au u >vu tumn une j x i • . , ^ 
table life in a state of hybernation. During poses, and has obtained many very flattering profitable source will be the cultivation of ,, . aiK a a s 0I 7 man houses, 
kingdoms have experienced unusual reverses,— it extensively. In Italy and some of the Ger- 
for, while humanity has oft shivered and frozen man States, it is used to make bread, furnish- 
in the blast, the flocks and herds have suffered ing a very nutritious brown loaf, formerly 
greatly (and in some localities been decimated,) much used by the laborers. Generally the 
from cold and hunger, and millions of fruit seed is grown as food for animals, and particu- 
DBAINAGE.—EFFECT OF MANURES. 
The cost of such a house, well built, and 
that period both the animal and vegetable commendations from persons who have grown m dlet. f i n 00 [ * eai !J an appearance to parlour * 
kingdoms have experienced unusual reverses,— it extensively. In Italy and some of the Ger- DU ATM4UF UUUFPt" nu vr AVUduq chamber bed rooms° ^^ [ ve randa j j. 
for, while humanity has oft shivered and frozen man States, it is used to make bread, furnish- D BAIL AGE-EFFECT OF MANURES. 1^'! • . . ^ - " -"- \ 
in the blast, the flocks and herds have suffered ing a very nutritious brown loaf, formerly The increased attention given to the subject ges. The chbnnevs & being '"near*“Se^JenTre Th t r u l „ . 
greatly (and in some localities been decimated.) much used by the laborers. Generally the 0 f underdraining, induces us to refer again to less heat is lost • every room is entered from ^ ° k * T*' 1 ^ aUd 
from cold and hunger and millions of fruit seed is grown as food for animals, and particu- 0 ne great advantage, too often lost sight of the hall, which consumes very little space on U t th< l, ‘ 3rd ! 1 Eary S1 ^> WOuId b ^ 
buds, if not trees also, have been destroyed by larly for poultry, and is estimated by farmers which drained has over undrained land. Most account of the compact form of the buUdine- Jbh ’T ■ t ^ Sm f*°° n ms and 
the extreme severity of the temperature. But, to possess about the same value as corn. It practical farmers have noticed the differencp In -_^ ltJl cDeap finish, it need not exceed $1,500. * 
long and weary as has been the winter in this is also extensively grown for soiling purposes the effects of a dressing of manure upon even /\ ry << . - 
and other Northern and Western localities, we while green, and for curing and using for hay, a single field, but few have been able satisfac- wttF (S/GtlmUtttOTS erected, making the whole number on the 
fear the end is not yet, for while we write the f or which it is held in high estimation. torily to account for the same. This difference ... „ . * ” reservation” 253. Additions have also been 
atmosphere is decidedly December-ish, and Millet may be grown with success upon is most readily observed upon heavv lands UUU made to the solar works, which will enable 
and other Northern and Western localities, we while green, and for curing and using for hay, a single field, but few have been able satisfac- 
fear the end is not yet, lor while we write the f or which it is held in high estimation. torily to account for the same. This difference 
atmosphere is decidedly December-ish, and Millet may be grown with success upon is most readily observed upon heavy lands 
both ice and snow are abundant; indeed it is g r0U nd that would yield a good crop of oats, with a clayey subsoil, on which are low spots 
a noteworthy fact that on this 29th day of bu t bes t upon light land in good condition.— occasionally covered with water. In such wet 
ONONDAGA SALT. 
erected, making the whole number on the 
“ reservation” 253. Additions have also been 
made to the solar works, which will enable 
them to keep pace with the others ; and prepa¬ 
rations have been made for large operations 
- --j - -— — 7 “- j uui uesL upuu iigut uiuu in gucu conaiuon.— occasionally covered witn water, in such wet The manufacture of salt ., n f “fi 5 
March, a tram of cars were detained by the j n common with most crops, it richly rewards places, however highly manured, it has been branch of domestic nrodncfiiV nnt”? ? ^ the present year ‘ We bave heretofore pub- 
snow drifts, near this o.it.v. until the ohstnict.inn __L ^ ™ Drancn oi domestm production, not only as Ho ,ed the n f kr +i.:„ 
snow drifts, near this city, until the obstruction dee p ; a ccurate tillage and plentiful supplies found impossible to produce good crops, 
could be removed by shoveling! Such un- 0 f manU re. One of the favorite methods of Draining, as it should, is coming to be con- 
mistakable evidence of the continued reign of growing the crop is upon green sward, deeply sidered the ground-work and foundation of 
oranen or domestic production, not only as lished the analysis of many samples of this, as 
furnishing an article of every-day use, but as a well as foreign salt, all of which have shown 
business of much magnitude and value. The tLc in h a __u,_ 
| mistakable evidence of the continued reign of growing the crop is upon green sward, deeply sidered the’ground-work and foundation of “SMtWorkff^of Ononda-i 6 Countvun ^ the 0noada ff a to be pure ns any suit known to 
Old Boreas, not only ignores tho usual fa™ £„. p fe aud well barrel or worked Itl all productive farndug. -It renders tie land eedoperatTous a an ,***»«>?'**'™*~~* 
{ oPf^tions »f tkrs period, but renders mapprea a whe at cultivator or gang plow in the spring; penetrable to water," says Dr. Bucklaud, were inspected 25 474 busWs- in ISPoT kee P “ "*“> salt, ”S h"“er, 
I pnate and foreign thejlawery poetical effusions and the more care that is taken in taring the “ enabling the rain to descend freely through 000-1810 450 000- 1M wri im cheese, Ac., but we have yet to And asalt that 
\ so abundant in newspapers and magazines at fleld clean and fine l y pulverized, ihe larger the it, carrying to the roots the fertilizing elements 1 435 446 • ’ 184o’ 9 629 RU5 1 ToL m q SUCCCeds better for curir5 S P ork ’ bcef > butter, 
> a season styled Spring by the Almanac-makers, promise of a good crop, and if a coating of of carbonic acid and ammonia, with which 1853 *5 404 59 x in iqkxs ■ ^ c -’ tban S ood sam ples of that made in our own 
l By the way, certain poets might find proper fine manure could be applied, or coarser' ma- rainwater is always charged ” Theseclements alcntto’l 160 669 9 5 bbl of IfiO lh^oT" ^ New York has cause to be proud of 
} employment, and remove a superstition alto- n ure plowed under in the spring, it would add are supplied more abundantly by manure but tl i V , hlS S ° UrCe ° f Wealth ’ and ber citizens should 
- gethertoo prevalent, by correcting the senti- to the success of the experiment. they must in greater part float upon the surface i ™ ^li u ^ fiffm ' eS DOt dlSCard itS USe in a11 their operations, 
ment of the numerous stanzas headed March A Pennsylvania farmer, whose experience of undrained land, for the wet heavv subsoil fe® glVGn ’ a Ste f dy and “““y increase m merel Y from prejudice, or the statements of in- 
and April, or in changing their titles to May we fin d recorded in the memoirs of the Board will not allow them to penetrate s 0 that thev 1 pi ;° duCed ’ acd tbere 13 notblD S terested deaIers in the foreign article, 
and June to correspond with the season intend- 0 f Agriculture of the State, says he has sown may be taken up by the roots of’plants in the 1°™? ^ aa y a PP rehe f 10n of a dl ‘ h. c. w. 
ed to be hailed and delineated. it from the first of May to the 20th of June nmew? nf YPo-Ptatinn v . t ,, , . mmuhed supply, or that prevents an augmen- ~ * - - 
The apparent changes of the seasons, ren- and invariably secured more fodder than could thoroughly drained, and no soi^wilf better ^ 1 ^ ^ w am0Unt P roduc ® d - Tbis salt ONWARD! EVER ONWARD ! 
ders climatoloew an important study to our have been obtained from any crass under sim. rpmu r- n amar '' e m man y parts of our country, _ , , . . 
ONWARD! EVER ONWARD! 
ders climatology an important study to our bave been obtained from any grass under sim- repay the application of manures. Instead of 
farmers. Witness the extremes of heat and ilar circumstances. When sown early in May late and imperfect crop 1 ? we shall then ~o-p 7 as be seen by a glance at the amount trans- , . , ^ ai . mei | a S behind, 
cold during the past pea, an., ,hei.- offsets it is ha.-ves.o,, cariy in Julv, anffyi U ^yTnd Z2S oXtad" sot “s '*£££ 
upon both vegetable and animal life. The three to fonr tons of good hay, and he states can be worked much earlier thanM wet, and It 185 nd 54 tst brings want 
hot and comparatively short Summers, and the produce of sixteen acres, only four of will sooner bring the crops to perfection. T U o*, as l0 n 0WS . Activity alone is sure of success What 
long and severe Winters, prove that the cli- which had been manured, and from the re- Manures act unon nlantd dirpMJv nn i i ! ® ^ er ' Oswego. Whitehall. , , • , „ 
6 . .. ’ c manures act upon plants directly only when iSo3, 92,491 1 , 055,728 2,721204 14 686 though the way seem toilsome and ruo-o-ed 
mate is undergoing a change m this and other maining twelve a good crop of wheat could in a state of solution, hence it is of great im- 1854 ’ 72 > 608 1 ’187,2 co 3 , 267,411 n^si push on with the greater zeal. Seize upon 
sections of the country, and it behooves the not have been obtained, to have been forty portance that they be so applied, and that the B a PP ear s that the salt which has found its circumstances and compel them to yield to 
people, and especially the farmers ot A\ estern tons. Of its value for feed he says: “ Whilst soil be so prepared that they may not only be wa Y Oswego during the year has been dis- your advantage. Hose 3 will sprint up bv 
New York, to study the lesson and be govern- my oxen consumed millet in its green state, readily dissolved by the rain, but that thus triba ted out of New York as follows : the wayside to beautify the path and add to 
ed to some extent by its teachings in their they performed their work with more spirit dissolved, they may freely pass into the soil To Canadil . 648 ,109 the inner enjoyment. Luscious fruits will 
practical operations. Indeed, if such seasons and vigor than they had done before, or have which, acting as a filter/will arrest and hold !Z! IUd ' ana . ''TAV .! bend from boughs that seemed to be armed at 
as we have recently experienced continue, as shown since, except whenfed with grain. My them where they will best serve the purposes Illinois ..'.V.V.V.V.'.’. .* “ T! !!!! ' * 590052 first with thorns. The rocks will disappear as 
is the probability, farmers must necessarily cattle, of all ages, prefer it to both red and desired. An ill-drained or shallow-tilled field Wisconsin . 92,’no by magic before the invincible spirit and the 
vary their periods, if not modes, of culture best white clover, meadow or timothy hay.” cannot well do this. The rain must either way that seemed hedged up will open’and dis- 
Bufl'alo. 
1,055,728 
1,187,260 
Oswego. 
2,721,264 
3,267,411 
Whitehall. 
14,686 
11,991 
X -- LU VI IUV kj IUU.X, ULIU LlXX/iXV-C . . X O 
to other States and Canada. The course of td tbe goal 73 won ' Tbe d fi ator y band in 
trade in 1853 and ’54, was as follows : any callll| g brings want and disappointment. 
Tide-water. Buffalo. Oswego. Whitehall. Activifc Y aIone is surB ©f success. What 
1853, 92,491 1 , 055,728 2 , 721,264 14,686 though the way seem toilsome and rugged, 
1854, 72,608 1 , 187,200 3,267,411 11,991 push on with the greater zeal. Seize upon 
It appears that the salt which has found its circumstances and compel them to yield to 
New York, to study the lesson and be govern- my oxen consumed millet in its green state, readily dissolved by the rain, but that thus tributed out of New York as follows : 
ed to some extent by its teachings in their they performed their work with more spirit dissolved, they may freely pass into the soil To Canada . 648,109 
practical operations. Indeed, if such seasons and vigor than they had done before, or have which, acting as a filter, will arrest and hold inoh“n .U406,525 
as we have recently experienced continue, as shown since, except whenfedwith grain. My them where they will best serve the purposes nunoif’ “ ‘.'.V.V.V.V.*..' .* * 5J0S 
is the probability, farmers must necessarily cattle, of all ages, prefer it to both red and desired. An ill drained or shallow-tilled field Wiscon sm. 92 .no 
vary their periods, if not modes, of culture best white clover, meadow or timothy hay.” cannot well do this. The rain must either snsFi 
■ r- — , - . . ~ -- J ■ ^‘iuul wen UU ims. une ram must eitfler 3 , 115 ,658 way mat seemed netigecl up will open and dis- 
to correspond. Though seed-time and harvest Many farmers in different portions of the run off on the surface, or pass awaybyevapo- The amount going into Canada is large, and close only pleasantness, invitim- the traveler 
will come in their seasons, the periods for State, with whom we have conversed, hold it ration - in either case carrying with it the is a source of regret that salt had not been to journey at his ease and delight himself with 
these important operations will change with in the same high estimation, and many grow greater portion of the manurial elements which included in the schedule of free goods, under the its many treasures. It is a wise perseverance 
the climate. -'Vml yet, while the time for it as a regular green feed for dairy cows and it takes from the soil, or may of itself contain. lat o treaty of reciprocity, as our trade with the which overcomes obstacles, and the more in¬ 
planting may be later than heretofore, the sea- working foams during the drouth of summer. As carbonic acid is continually supplied to the Cauadas wouId be much increased thereby. domitable the energy the greater the success 
sou of gathering may not be materially There is some difficulty attending its growth air from a great variety of sources—is ever The Superintendent in his annual report which it will attain. 
changed, for the extreme heat of such a for seed, as the birds and fowls are very fond floating in the atmosphere ill a gaseous form— from which these facts have been derived, sng} There is something noble in the spirit that 
summer as that of last year insures rapid of it, often gathering in arge flocks to prey it is brought down by every fall of snow and gests the propriety of furnishing a larger su^ will not yield to adversity-a moral herobm 
g ™ 1 ,, , , ?’ "I d T ft ’ m “J™ tl ° C0Veted ■ A " otha ' ' h,riCult - v ls shower of rain, which hence have been well ply of brine, by the construction of reservoirs, mightier than his who treads the gory fields of 
addition 0 the unusual heat, matured crops its ripening unevenly, as .he seeds upon the named the poor man's « manure." intowhichthewaterconldbedischargeddurin; war. How many there arc who hLe thu 
too rapidly,-but the last was an exception to upper part oi the stalks generally ripen and The Farmer's true polioy is doubtless to winter, when it is not used, thus inereasiim the fought the battle of life, thus wrestled as it 
ordinary sumniei-sin respect to me, store Ihe not ^frequently all before the lower ones use every means in his power for rendering amount during the sease!. of navSn- with fate, till they} were erownrf with 
cod and backward Springs for several years have filed. To obviate this difficn ty, rt is his labor more effectual and his land more pro- during which Urneali the salt is manufactured, victory: and the reward, though often delayed 
IbeLlT" „ S r°? '^ 8pn,,gC ;T sunnily out Hi® lie upper part of most of duetive. A change iu the character of the soil This would lead to an enlargement of the works, yet sooner or later it 4ill cLe. Not only 
the sual period with safety, and we believe the heads contain seeds that are hard, and it is as regards its retentiveness of water, simnle as and furnish hnsi™«a 0 ... „ I this l.„+ „ ,t.,u„ -- s ' 
those ZLZZ -Vo, 7- , T- 7 , T .7 ,7 7 7 as regards its retentiveness of water, simple as and furnish business for a larger number of this, but a daily recompense is vouchsafed- 
■ . u Live waiteduutd both au and earth at this period that it affords the most nutn- it is, seems almost to work a miracle in this re- men and more capital. ‘ Hope is enlarged and enlivened the resolution 
■\\cio warm have been altogether the most sue- tious fodder, and is most easily made into hay. spect, so great is the increase in tho rpturnq Durinn' -ftip . • . ,-i - v ’ . 
nunofni ™ 4 „oo,o rpi v . . . , , / . ^ ^ 1X10 muLcKc in me returns JJuring the past year, twenty-four new is strengthened, and energy empowered for 
cesstul producers. The views anu experience Millet is recommended, not merely as valua- received therefrom Krs-r • r , 1 , 6 y, 
1 J mtrenom. blocks where boiling is performed, have been greater conflicts and victories—the eye sees 
iu lue uiuic true mat is umeu in navmg me " enaDiing me ram to aescend treely tlirough 000 : 1810. 450 000 • 1820 5X6 97X . icqo 7 . . J - luab 
fid clean and finely pulverized, the larger the it, carrying to the roots the fertilizing elements 1,435,446 ; 184o’, 2 622 305 •’ 1850 4 968 919- ® UCC ®! ds bett ? r tor cnr fS P ork . beef, butter, 
romise of a good crop, and if a coating of of carbonic acid and ammonia, with which 1853, 5,404,524 and in 1854 5 803 347 eouiv’ qw au good ^ mpl f d tbat made in our own 
ae manure could be applied, or coarser ma- rainwater is always charged.” Theseclements alent to 1,160,669 2-5 bbls of ’28o’lb« ’each tM New / ork has ^use to be proud of 
are plowed under in the spring, it would add are supplied more abundantly by manure but tl* i v, , “ /V ’ tbls source of wealth, and her citizens should 
i the success of the experiment. they ml in greater part float upon the surface ^ ^ ^ DOt disCard its us ? iQ a11 tbeir operations, 
A Pennsylvania farmer, whose experience of undrained land, for the wet, heavy subsoil tfoa | a S C f 7 ^ ^ e ‘ dt iy \ ncreas ® m merely from prejudice,or the statements of in- 
e find recorded in the memoirs of the Board will not allow them to npnetrafo an +Lo+ , moun pi o uce , anc there is nothing terested dealers in the foreign article. 
