........ . 
J Cs/pfit -LiSfeiS^k.. a^-' 
VOLUME VI. NO. 21.) 
glam’s |!aral gtfa-gorlur: 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LIT ERARY, * FAMILY JOURNAL. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOOBE. 
A8S0CLATK EDITORS I 
J. H. BU.BY, T. C. PETERS, EDWARD WEBSTER. 
Special Contributors : 
T. E. Wbtkorh, H. C. Whit*. H. T. Brooks, L. Wrthsrkia. 
Ladies’ Port-Folio by Akiih. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y-SATURDAY, MAY 26, 1855. 
each of plaster and ashes to one of salt, and Eight acres of Barley cost $102,20 and pro- 
then scattered around the plants, but not so duced 284 bushels, or 35)4 bushels per acre, 
near as to touch them, before the first hoeing. It cost very nearly 37 cts., and sold for $1,00 
Or it might be dropped upon the hill at or per bushel. This produced a greater per cent, 
soon after the time of planting. The cost of of profit than the wheat, as we believe it gene- 
the salt would be but a small item, and the re- rally has, for a series of years, 
suit one of much importance, if we may judge Ten acres of corn, on clover sed, cost $153,- 
from a single experiment. We mean to know 26. The product was 410 bushels of corn, 
more of its value, when the next corn crop is and $60 worth of corn stalks. Mr. Johnson 
WHOLE NO. 281. 
S'S: / Wy. ■ • - 
|»U: J 
Thb Rural New-Yorkkr is designed to be unique and harvested, 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity-- - - 
and Variety of Contents. Its conduetors earnestly labor MAKING PREMIUM BUTTER. 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical _ 
Subjects connected with the business of those whose Lo0 k IN G Over the Essex Co. (AfalSS.) Agri¬ 
interests it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, , . / ± 
Horticultural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Cultural 1 ransactlOUS, WC observe statements 
Mattor, interspersed with many appropriate and beautiful f r0 m five persons — to whom premiums W’ere 
Engravings, than any other paper published in this awarded _ of their met hod of making Butter. 
Country.—rendering it a complete Agricultural, Literary . r j a. i 
and Family Newspaper. Ifc may interest some of our readers to know 
For Terms, and other particulars, soe News page. how simple a process this making pi SlTiiutfl 
Butter is ; so we condense three pages into as 
V CMV i X(\ Y many paragraphs: 
aJ |VY /, >y! j Uni _ :1J frf h The breed of cows is not stated in any in- 
^AHhI 2)H-vU gtance> The butter was made in September, 
---—- - -- the cows kept in pasture, and fed corn fodder 
PROGRESS A1TD IMPROVEMENT. 0 nce a day. One competitor made 887 lbs. of 
butter from nine cowg) from the 20th of May 
SALT Ab A MANURE I OR CORN. to the 25th of Sentember. Another kent 11 
harvested. states the cost of raising the corn at 37j4 
--cts. per bushel, but if we deduct the value of 
MAKING PREMIUM BUTIER, the stalks from the whole expense, it makes * 
. ~Z ,, ,, r . . . the cost of the corn but 22 % cts. per bushel. 
Looking over the Essex Co. ss.) Agn- Wjj 8hould fae iad of some explanation from 
cultural Transactions, we observe statements Mr j Qn this int> as tke va]ue of tbe stalks : 
from five persons-to whom premiums were ^ gtraw m baye feeen a]lowed to bal . 
awarded-of their method of making Butter. ^ gome of lbc expeM€B not indicated. 
It may interest some of our readers to know , Ten C0wg are kept upon tbe farm, yielding S HEPHERD DOG “ SWEEP. ” 
how simple a process this making premium an average of 210 lba. of butter each. Mr. J. " 
Butter is; so we condense three pages into as ^ stimateg the product of each cow WO rth -“ 
many paragraphs . . . _ about $54, and the cost of keeping $26,85.— The above is a correct likeness of a thorough They are a people submitted to his manage- 
The breed of cows is not stated in any in- cog |. g p 2 % cts. per lb. to make butter, on bred Scotch Shepherd Dog, the property of ment, whom he conducts and protects, and 
stance, ihe butter was made in September, p^ mwood f aV m, and we think it cannot be Mr. II. A. Lamphere, of Weedspcrt, Cajuga against whom he never applies force, but for 
the cows kept in pastuie, and fed com fodder sok j f or fogg anjwhere with much profit. Ilis Co.,N. Y. “Sweep"’is a full blood descendant the preservation of good order. If we consid- 
once a day. One competitor made 887 lbs. of k> kiUed at 9 p,/ mon ths old, fed on milk 0 f the celebrated Shepherd Dogs sent to this er that this animal is superior in instinct to all 
butter from nine cows, from the 20th ol May and fattened w itb corn, costs 5 cts. per pound, country from Scotland, as a present to Gen. others ; that he has a decided character in 
to the 25th of September. Another kept 11 rp ^ e ba ] aBce over expenses on the whole farm, Bonaparte of New Jersey. which education has comparatively little share; 
We find in a recent number of the G'er- " ~ - -□ - - - ■ , , . „ . , 
mantown Telegraph an account of experi- 2ot R to September 2oth. Another made from Mr. Johnson practices the following system haps none is of greater service to his master ed to the service of others ; that, guided by 
ments in the use of salt a 3 a manure for corn, f° ur co y s ’ from ’ ie 2d ° f , 5 Une .^ 1110 25t ^,° f of rotation. 1 st, corn, to which is applied all for his own peculiar business, than the well natural powers alone, he applies himself to the 
in which it was compared with Guano, Pou- ^ e P temPcr > equal to 44o lbs., of butter. The tbe ull f ermen ted manure he can get. The trained Shepherd Dog. Much has been writ- care of our flocks, a duty which he executes 
drette and Super-Phosphate of Lime, and the last kept 0ldy tw0 cow f’ winck ? ieIticd ec l ual nex t spr i Dg it is sown with barley at the rate ten in his praise, but as yet his virtues are not with singular assiduity, vigilance and fidelity ; 
results carefully noted. to 262 lbs., from May 15th to September 18th. 0 f 2 % bushels of seed to the acre, then sown sufficiently appreciated. If they were, every that his sagacity astonishes at the same time 
m-i -, ]• b +1 -which had lain for d kc mdk otherwise disposed ol we have cal- tQ wkeat ; n t k e f a n, with a top-dressing of fine stock grower in the country, of cattle or sheep, that it gives repose to his master, while it 
- . ufowed to the Clda t c d at t,w0 gallons to the pound of butter, manurej 0 f ab out 6 loads to the acre. The would number among his assistants in yardmg requires great time and trouble to instruct 
lib of ten inches'in the fall anil carefully ^ich is about the quantity usually produced, following spring it is sown with 8 quarts of the fold and driving cattle, a thorough bred other dogs for the purpose to which they are 
h P owed and rolled and left in that condition The average is fr0m to l % lbs " per day clover seed and 4 quarts of Timothy, with one and well trained Shepherd Dog, in place of the destined. If we reflect on these facts, we shall 
• . ’ ag j t was dry en 0 U a-h to die cow ' bushel of plaster per acre, when ii is allowed many worthless representatives of the canine be confirmed in the opinion that the Shepherd 
InT bp Lrini it was cross-nlowed-care being The miik wa3 kept in pan3 ° f the COm ‘ to remain three years in grass. The usual race which now disgrace their owners, and live Dog is the true Dog of Nature, the model of 
to the 25th of September. Another kept 11 The ba]aB(;e oyer expenge , 
cows, and made equal to 1,062 lbs. from May for ^ yeaf wag ^ 953 ^ 2 . 
Among the difierent varieties of dogs, per- 
which education has comparatively little share; 
that he is the only animal born perfectly train- 
Z theTurin- it was cross-nlowed-care being The milk wa3 kept in ? in pan3 of the COm ' to remain three years in grass. The usual race which now disgrace their owners, and live Dog is the true Dog of Nature, the model of 
taken not to disturb the sod—and reduced to m0n kind ’ P erlia P s 14 inches across and 6 producfc ; 3 55 bushels of corn, 30 of barley, to torment their neighbors. Buffon says of the whole species.’’ 
a fine tilth with the cultivator and harrow._ iac ^ ies ^ ee P> i n |° which it was strained imme- aud from to 30 of wheat, per acre. The the Shepherd Deg, “ He reigns at the head of Increased attention has lately been directed 
, r 1 • | aDnlied before a U er milking. Some of the competi- manure jg a J kept under cover, and a regular his flock, and makes himself better understood to these valuable animals. We are glad to 
0 manure 0 any tors mention the place of keeping as a cool gyg j. em 0 f underdraining is being carried out. than the voice of the Shepherd. Safety, order know that they can be procured in this State as 
p an ing. 1 . r , f l i cellar, and all allow the milk to stand undis- -yy e gbou ] d b e glad to receive further particu- and discipline are the fruits of his vigilance.— will be seen from our advertising department. 
££525 tMbCd Sb0 "‘ 48 b r S ' ’' he ° tle Cr T \ ,a ‘ lar B ofthe latter, for the beeeMof our readers. . ... W - _ ===== 
ed otl at equal distances y. b Some churn once a week, others ..... .. ia 00 fruu' nmnrnv irurnni T 7 nu 
will be seen from our advertising department. 
THE COMMON THORN FOR HEDGES, 
contact. The five rows next succeeding, were ’ ° , ,, , 
; , . . - , pound, one three-fourths, and another one and 
dressed with half a pint of guano, and the r ’ , ,, 
, - , , , f ,■ one-fourth ounces. The latter worked the 
next with one gill of super-phosphate oj lime 
0 a j . x ^ Airor 1 ho cor»nrv/l into ofctnrmmr /.I 
The land was about as hard-looking as any firgt year> 
Len met, being so miry in many places as to q’ ke aV ails of the field are as follows : 
Second year : 9 day .s’ plowing atul harrowing... 14 00 THE COMMON THORN FOR HEDGES, 
♦ 1 ♦ Potatoes for seed. 10 00 _ 
CL 0 tit lit U It 10 R tin . cldti vating andTocing............'. ’. ’' ’' ’. ’ o oo Editors Rural :— I have become convinced 
.-n. “ •-> IIarv0StiIlg . 12 00 from observation that the most suitable tree 
IMENT IN DRAINING. Feed, harvesting and threshing 1 acre buckwheat 0 00 fo r JJ ed g Gg j n jjfog climate, is Our common 
_ Labor on one-half an acre of corn. 4 00 . ... , . . , 
Editors Rural :—I have become convinced 
eaonatequaiuiMai.es y. ^ ken off. Some churn once a week, others . .. Second year: 9 days’ plowing and harrowing... 14 00 THE COMMON THORN FOR HEDGES, 
perimenter thus describes e p.an mg twice a week; some prefer to keep the cream ♦ 1 * Potatoes for seed. 10 00 _ 
Commencing on one side of le piece, twQ d on ly, others stir it each day and (X 1 0 ttt ttt Utt 1 1 it 110 It S, .. « 00 Editors Rural :—I have become convinced 
dropped five kernels of comm a hill, andcon- clum )he crcam of the wceIl togcther . thcir ^ -...- ” from observation that the most suitable tree 
tinued till I ha roppe ve rows, y pre f ere]Qceg depeD diEg, we think, very much on EXPERIMENT IN DRAINING. Feed, harvesting and threshing 1 acre buckwheat 5 00 for Hedges in this climate, is our common 
hills each. Tien with a common hoe 1 drew tte number of cows kept , ald the eonvenienee -• . ._L!^ Thorn,-with proper management it certainly 
on one inch of fine soil, and compi esse iv ry 0 f attending to churning. In warm weather Messrs. Editors :—Agreeable to promise Expense of Farm Work. $ 70 00 ! mokes a fine fence. Twenty-five years ago, 
slightly over the corn with the back o the the vesse]s containing the cream are placed in I will give you some of my experience in un- The rain washed the ditch on the north side near Geneva, several miles of the English 
hoe ; after which 1 applied one and a ia a e cQ]d wftter before ckurniDg> derdraining ; and I do it with the more plea- wkea firgt dug) about Q ve f oot deep, which cut Hawthorn was planted in hedge rows by a 
spoonsfull of common pac ingsa, an 111,8 One competitor only, uses water for washing sure, not only because the subject is ■very in- 0 g- ^ be spr i Dg3 from the hill. It was dug in Mr. Swales, and by way of experiment, he 
ed off wit ano er la lr.c 0 E01 • lenex awa y | ke buttermilk after churning. Three teresting to me, but t iat it in one on w ie the fall—in the spring I planted potatoes also planted a hedge of our common Thorn.— 
the rows wciep an'c wi on any manuieo Q ^ berg B ( a fo t ka t the butter is thoroughly information is eagei y soug >y e aiming around outside the ditch, but they rotted bad- n k as succeeded even better than the Haw- 
any kind. Ihe next five were dressed wilh po-u- worked b hand| or with tbe handS) so J / 0 public. But in this matter facte and results ly . I saved about $33 worth. The crops tll0rilj as it now presents during the summer a 
drtlte,' one a pin o e i , un er e£ee > f ree it perfectly from buttermilk, and it is then are pG n cip a I t mgs, an no wi pro ^ be ggeond year, on the part then plowed, beautiful appearance, free from any disease, 
but wit just su lcicn soi oier i o pi cion ^ w0 u 6 j n g one ounce of sa)t to the once my s ^ atemen • were not half as good as on that plowed the ^bifo the Hawthorn is deprived of its leaves 
contact. The five rows next succeeding, were _ _.The land was about as hard-looking as any fipof ,_.,_ , .. , . 
d, harvesting and threshing 1 acre buckwhoat o 00 fo r Hedges in this climate, is OUr common 
lor on one-half an acre of corn. 4 00 . ... ... , . 
-: I horn,—with proper management it certainly 
Expense of Farm Work.$ to oo j a g ne f ence> Twenty-five years ago, 
The rain washed the ditch on the north side i nGar Geneva, several miles of the English 
ly. I saved about $33 worth. Ihe crops I thorn, as it now presents during the summer a 
the second year, on the part then plowed, j beautiful appearance, free from any disease, 
one-fourth ounces. The latter worked the often met, being so miry in many places as to 
butter over the second time after standing 24 be unsafe for man or beast to venture upon, 
hours, and the OEe who washed with water an d pretty thickly covered v ith tamarack 
were not half as good as on that plowed the ^bifo the Hawthorn is deprived of its leaves 
first year. by midsummer, from the effects of leaf blight. 
The avails of the field are as follows : The common thorn does not bear trails- 
, , • ■ . 1 1 UULlCl UYCi U1C CULVUU LIULI^ uuu ouwjuuii: 
—the same precaution to prevent contact with ^ ^ ^ oM ^ waEbed wilh water and pretty thicl 
t c see icg o serve in le ns wocn.es added a t ea gpo 0 nfulofl 0 af sugnr to each ounce and other stumps 
ns were adopted ,n that of the poudrette. The ^ ^ Gocd but((Jr v>8 the re!uU in cach 9pots a little pool 
as were adopted in that of the poudrette. The 
corn throughout was covered one and a half 
inches deep, with Ihe soil above it slightly 
compressed, and the whole was planted on the 
same day, and without any previous preparar 
tion by steeping or otherwise. The seed ger- 
Gocd butter was the result in each spots a little poor hay, but in most places it 
was covered with Canada thistles, skunk cab- 
---bage and very tough wild grass; subsoil quick- 
I * I?irst year i 75 busheis of Potatoes at 01 cents.$ 25 00 'nlnntinn^ xrp]l pnnQPnnuTitlv flip eppd cTimilil Iyp 
covered with tamarack 75 d0 poor, and 5 loads of pumpkins. 1250 planting well, consequently tne seed snouia be 
, , . 20 loads of wood—roots, &c., from stumps. 10 oo sown in a broad drill where the hedge is to 
e pr uee was, in some g econ j year . 20 bushels corn, at 00 cents. $12 00 grow. I have found from experience that if 
ay, but in most places it 1 ^ loads of stalks and s 1 loads Of pumpkins. 7 oo th lantg are taken it is seYera l years be- 
vw.Je +l-» itrf sna ol-ii,vl- unk DR huahAlo notatoft? nt nfi cents __.14 00 r A' » 
25 bushels potatoes at 56 cents. 14 00 
10 do do 63J<£ do . 6 25 
65 do do on hand, worth $1. 6o 00 
COST OF RAISING WHEAT. CORN, &c. 
feet of muck on top. The field is about 70 12 
do 
do 
63><£ do . 
do 
do 
on hand, worth $1. 
do 
do 
(merinoes) do 75c 
do 
buckwhoat. 
tion by steeping or otherwise. The seed ger- The next volume of the N. Y. Ag.’l Trans- rods \ oug ■ the swamp extending about 40 2 loads of straw. • 4 00 
minated readily, and the plants made their ac ii ons -will contain a detailed farm account rodg; aud containing some three and one-half Total product. $257 75 
appearance above the surface on tlie same day, 0 f Mr. AVm. Johnson, near Geneva, from acres . The following diagram will show the Total expense. • 1<4 ^ 
but from the very first there was direct and wk i c h we gather the following interesting sba pc of the marsh, and serve to explain my Leaving a profit of. $82 89 
palpable indications of the superiority of the jfo ras re gard to the cost of raising different proce edings. A, the north side of the lot, There, gentlemen Farmers, you who are 
salt; and this superiority was demonstrated crops the last season. His statement is pub- wk ere a hill rises 200 feet high. B, bank ten chuckling or whining, as the case may be, 
by the result.” lished in the Journal of the State Soc. for the ^ high. C C C, ditches. F, outlet. j over your Railroad and Bank-stock dividends, 
removal. I have seen several attempts 
made to grow a hedge from our thorn trees 
by transplanting, all of which failed, except 
the above mentioned, from this cause. The 
roots of these trees naturally strike deep into 
the ground where they can take up and sup¬ 
ply the plant with moisture sufficient to nour¬ 
ish and keep fresh during a drouth. They 
When harvested, the rows to which the salt present month, and shows very creditably the 
was applied produced one-fifth more corn, by order and method of Mr. J.’s agricultural opo- / ' 
weight, than the rows manured with guano, rations. / 
and one-quarter more than those manured with The farm contains 80 acres of tillable land / C 
poudrette or super-phosphate, while the yield divided into nine lots, numbered from one up- j / 2 T > 
compared with that of the five rows to which wa rds, and accurate account kept with each. ) —--£- 1 _ - 
no manure was applied was as nine to one!— The soil is a dry loam, with a clay subsoil, n —-_____ 
The great difference in the last case, however, pr etty uniform throughout the farm. Each ^ 
was in part attributable to the ravages of the crop is charged with the interest on the value , es ^ ^ ^ and 
cut worm, which were much less on the re- 0 f the land producing it, and with all the la- f , T . f p 
mainder of the field, and nothing at all on the bor and material used iu its prodcction. Of p an in °’ aS ^ °^ b ' ^ n( ^ r , on 
salted part. About the same difference was to wbeat six acres was sown, the whole expense cLaMngXuXdX^s LdlajSg tno" 1? days work 22 00 
he observed in the weight of the fodder, on was $122,40; the product was 1‘26 bushels Tile for tho above, 2 to 4 inches in diameter. i9 60 
the several pieces, as in the weight ofthe or 21 bushels per acre; this makes its cost Drawing the same.... — ••• ‘too 
grain. The cost of the salt was less than per bushel a trifle over 97 cents. But deduct- "T!”?.’ 0 00 
over your Railroad and Bank-stock dividends, . *' 
, . , ,, are natural to every variety of soil in our 
and whose farms have these unsightly, incon- J J . 
. , n 1 ,v Northern States, and I believe there is not a 
vement and unprofitable places upon them, a . , . , , , 
. , , . . .A : c , c ■ farm of arable land m the State, but what con 
iust calculate the per cent, profit of my in- . ’ 
J , , T , r , tains more or less, growing wild. They wu 
vestment—I have not room. „ ° ® 
tains more or less, growing wild. They will 
A few remarks on draining and X will close. even como U P fr01n seed tte and 
If the -round will admit, do not put your * row mt0 trecs - a,ld slil > 1)0 taows . cd b y a “" 
drain Iks than three feet deep-still deeper mals continually during the growing season, 
would be better. Tile arc much better aud a “ d ™ re “'ey are browsed, he more 
cheaper than stone, aud very much less liable tl ' ora3 i P roda “l 1h “ ccr , l ” n h sho ” 3 
* Eovilmnea onH DfnPCC TAT* a 
8S rods ditch, 2 ft. by 2 y a , 15c. per rod.$ 13 20 
Cleaning out ditches and laying tile, 17 days work 22 00 
to obstruction. Boards, live to seven inches 
wide, make the cheapest bottom, as they are 
their hardiness and fitness for a hedge. 
I will give directions for preparation aud 
800 ft. hemlock hoards, 6 in. wide, and drawing. 10 00 
Digging, laying and filling branch. 6 00 
one-third of the cost of the guano, poudrette ing the value of the straw, estimated at $18, Digging out the stumps. 2200 but thi3 communication is already too loog. , , 
or super-phosphate. we make the cost of the wheat but 83 cts. per Getting off and burning tho same.^ 8 00 If it is of any service to those about draining ot ," a . u ’ en a il 10UC ’ . r °, Ug , ° a C 7 
bushel. It was sold at $1,81, leaving a fair Expense of clearing and draining.$104 86 their lands, I shall be amply rewarded ; and a oa f’’ grin . e pu ‘ p 0 
.nargin for profit at either ligurcs. But at Tbe expense of farm-work put upon it has if they do it thoroughly, they will be satisfied e ^ at tbis ^ ‘ttap^ 
the price ot wheat for many years past the been as follows: "with the result. 1 • I arks. ... , , , V 
u 1 r i-xui ,r. “ . , «-.r vr V so that the stone will not become clogged.— 
profit, would have been little or nothing. Planting potatoes, first year, whole expense-$ lo 00 Victor, N. Y., April, 18o5. 00 
. . , 1 ,. , . planting of the seeds, which if carried out will 
less liable to get out of place than soles or flat 1 . ’ T * xl • 
stones. The horseshoe tile are for the best to prove mfalhblcm all cases. Let the berries 
keep in order, and discharge the water more b « S a “'® d “ n P e " and dr0 P 
freely. Other things might be mentioned, “cm the tree ; put about two quarts m a 
communication is already too lone. bosM corn-basket, and set it in a stream 
This experiment should induce further trial bushel. It was sold at $1,81, leaving a fair Expense of clearing and draining.$104 86 
of salt as a manure for the corn crop. It margin for profit at either figures. But at The expense of farm-work put upon it has 
might he mixed with the gypsum and ashes the price of wheat for many years past the been as follows : 
usually applied, in proportion of three parte profit would have been little or nothing. Planting potatoes, first year, whole expense ....$ 15 oo 
in the water—as this serves to dilute the pulp 
so that the stone will not become clogged, — 
