MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
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Cumminurstiotis. 
1HE HESS I AS FLY. 
Mr. Moore In your Rural of August 4, 
Prof. Dewey says : “ The Hessian fly lays its 
eggs near the root of the wheat in autumn .”— 
I have four bushels of spring wheat of the 
“ Club’’ and “ Fife” varieties, (drilled in good 
and new prepared soil on the 18 th of May 
last,) which wa3 very promising in appear¬ 
ance until the Ilessian fly arrested its pro¬ 
gress. I may harvest as much as was sown, 
but doubtful. I am not alone in this difficul¬ 
ty ; a ne : ghber has nine acres, sown later, 
which is in a3 bad condition from the same 
cause. Query—When did the fly lay its eggs ? 
Some years since, late fall sowing was adopt¬ 
ed in this vicinity for the purpose of avoiding 
tlii 3 insect, and quite successfully, until again 
early sowing has been as successful against 
the “ Midge but with this last adoption of 
the old practice has returned the old enemy, 
which not only, as formerly, takes the winter 
wheat, but the spring wheat also,—which last 
variety was not so seriously injured hereto¬ 
fore, but I have seen its doings always in spring 
wheat sufficient to establish the fact in my 
mind that they are not confined to fall la'd 
eggs to propagate their species. The Profes¬ 
sor says : “ It is said that two crops of this 
insect are produced in a year.” In all proba¬ 
bility this is so, but are they confined even to 
“two crops?” Would they not be ready to 
lay their eggs any month in the year, if they 
could find wheat suitable, when not checked in 
their destructive career by frost ? 
You remark, very truly, that the subject of 
these insects is one of interest to your readers 
at the present time; hence the cause of pen¬ 
ning these facts and queries, hoping they, with 
others that may come from sources more wor¬ 
thy of consideration, will draw from those who 
possess it a knowledge of the “ ways and 
means” whereby this naturally wheat growing 
Western New York may be more or less re¬ 
lieved from the only impediment to its carry¬ 
ing the palm above most other countries in 
producing the “ Staff of Life.” 
Respectfully, &c., Jos. Watson. 
Clyde, N. Y., August, 1S55. 
Remarks. —It was intended to avoid any 
mistake on the propagation of the Hessian Fly, 
by saying, as Dr. Fitch and others state, there 
are “ two broods in a year,” the eggs of one 
being laid near the joint of winter wheat in 
autumn, and the other eggs of course laid in 
the spring, as it has long been known that 
spring wheat also is a depository for the eggs, as 
Mr. Watson truly remarks. There is such a 
general regularity in the propagation of in¬ 
sects and all animal life, that it is not proba¬ 
ble the eggs come to maturity and the fly is 
developed at any and every portion of the 
warm season. If, however, it were so, the 
fact would be of no importance on the crop of 
wheat. Though authority is opposed to me, I 
am very suspicious that there is only one 
brood, and that the larva or the chrysalis are 
not all brought to maturity at the same time ; 
that from some the fly comes forth in autumn 
and lays its eggs on winter wheat, and from 
others the fly appears in the spring and 
deposites its eggs on both winter and spring 
wheat; that these eggs evolve the maggot and 
thence the chrysalis in the stem, and hence is 
found in the stubble, and thence in the earth, 
from which some flics appear in autumn, and 
some in the spring. Hence the reason for burn¬ 
ing the stubble to destroy the insect. More 
extended observations will show. Practically, 
however, the effect to the farmer is the same, 
two broods or one. The practical remarks of 
Mr. Watson are direct and valuable, and I 
thank him for them. c. d. 
SOWING WHEAT AITEIl CORN, 
Messrs. Editors.— Last season I assisted in 
harvesting several fields of wheat, sown after 
corn, and when compared with that sown upon 
the summer fallows, I was astonished to see, 
in a majority of the fields, so much difference 
in favor of that sown after corn. I thought 
I would not report to you these facts until I 
had tested the experiment myself. I accord¬ 
ingly made inquiries in regard to the manner 
of preparing the soil, &c. Following direc¬ 
tions, I cut up the corn, close to the ground, 
putting fifteen rows of corn into one row of 
stooks. I then passed over the ground with a 
harrow, in order to remove the pumpkin vines, 
and level down the hills somewhat. (You 
must remember that the corn was well cared 
for during the summer and kept free from 
weeds.) The wheat was sown broadcast, and 
the ground passed over with a two horse cul¬ 
tivator a sufficient number of times to make 
it fine and mellow. The growth of the wheat 
in this field both fall and spring was healthy 
and vigorous. 
Is it false reasoning to concludeMhat the 
corn, by shading the ground during the sum 
ruer, assists in the formation of nitre and veg¬ 
etable mould upon the surface, and thus adds 
greatly to the growth of the young plant ?— 
Whereas, had the ground been plowed pre¬ 
vious to sowing, the effect of these agencies 
would not have been so immediate, and per¬ 
haps no effect at all might have been received 
from them; for an adjoining field, with soil 
equally as good, and sown about the same 
time, having been plowed after the corn was 
removed, ripened with shorter heads and shor¬ 
ter straw. Thus, I was led to conclude that 
the surface soil should not be plowed under 
very deep, especially after corn, in order to en. 
sure a good crop of wheat. 
This theory, combined with the practice, 
clearly proves that., where the scil is naturally 
mellow, the plan of sowing wheat after corn, 
without plowing, is altogether preferable.— 
Farmers, try it, and report the result. 
N. J. Strong 
Burlington, Cal. Co., Micli., Aug , 1865. 
BROOM CORN ARD BROOMS. 
“ D. 0.” wishes to know something relative 
to Broom Corn and Brooms. As I have had 
a little experience in that business, I will give 
the following, if it be acceptable to the Ru¬ 
ral. 
The corn can be stripped by baud. It is 
done by taking the sieves and fan of an old 
fanning mill, inserting a cylinder, filling it 
with wrought nails (8’s or 10’s) similar to a 
hetchel, and leaving them about two inches 
apart each way. If I). C. wishes to make 
a business of it, he had better make a larger 
one, fasten in a frame with guard before, and 
attach horse, water, or steam power. After 
stripping, it should be spread thin, under 
cover, on poles, and remain about a week or 
ten days, until sufficiently ary, and then pack¬ 
ed away in bundles for future use. 
Next comes the bleaching, which can be 
done in a hogshead or common sized dry goods 
box, which will hold enough for forty brooms. 
It is only necessary to bleach the wrappers. 
The box should be sunk a few inches in the 
ground. A few holes should be perforated in 
the bottom, and an iron basin placed beneath. 
Use brimstone for bleaching — about j-A lb. 
to each bleaching. A couple of small pieces 
of iron, heated, will melt the brimstone. The 
corn should be wet before bleaching. We 
usually bleach over night. 
There are different modes for making 
brooms. It can be done by hand or machine. 
Should a person only want a few made, he can 
do it profitably by means of a roller worked 
with the feet. Take a stick about 2 feet long, 
4 inches through, leaving 4 inches on each 
end—cuttirg down the centre to 2 inches, wind 
on the corn, and you are ready for labor. A 
man will tie on 30 or 40 per day. In case 
D. C. wishes to engage extensively in the 
broom trade, he would do well to send to 
Kirtland & Smith, Poland, Ohio, for a 
circular, a3 they manufacture all kinds of 
broom stock, self-regulating machines, sewing 
vices, needles, &c. The seed is worth saving, 
and care should be taken injuring. We have 
kept our stock and poultry on it. It should 
be ground and mixed with cut feed for stock. 
Thresh with a flail. A. J. Miller. 
Prospect Farm Holley, Orleans Co., N. Y. 
MOVING A SULLEN OX, 
Mr. Moore: —Noticing in the Rural of 
the 4th inst., an. extract headed “ How to 
move a Sullen Ox,” it brought forcibly to 
mind my little experience in that matter.— 
When a boy, 1 frequently had the manage¬ 
ment of oxen, one of which was at times par¬ 
ticularly sullen, or ba lky we then termed it. 
and my ingenuity and wit were put to the test 
to devise some means to induce the stubborn 
animal to draw. At last I hit upon a plan, 
as the sequel will show, which effectually ac¬ 
complished ray purpose, and cured him in a 
measure of his hanging back propensity. 
On a certain day in winter I was set haul¬ 
ing wood with the oxen and sled. My road 
led over a bridge, and up a short but quite 
steep hill. Having arrived at the foot of the 
hill on the bridge, with a load, my team came 
to a dead stand still, and, as coaxing and 
whipping proved of no benefit, I bethought 
me of procuring the services of the “ old 
tom cat," ani applying him. I found tabby 
quietly sleeping on the hearth, and taking him 
in my arms, quickly retraced my steps to the 
oxen. My purpose was to apply the cat to 
the back of the ox and draw him backwards by 
the tail. I did so ; but no sooner had the ox 
felt the claws of the feline monster enter his 
hide, than I found myself turning a back som¬ 
erset through the air, off the bridge, with a 
propelling force I was powerless to withstand, 
accompanied by a tremendous squall from 
poor puss. I brought up, or more properly 
down, some twelve feet below, in the bed of 
the stream, amid snow and water. Without 
waiting to contemplate my situation, I extri¬ 
cated myself and repaired to the scene of my 
exploit on the bridge. But lo ! neither oxen, 
wood, nor cat were to be s:en ; all had myste¬ 
riously disappeared,—but, as I subsequently 
found, the oxen brought up all safe in the 
woodhouse, with the load of woed. 
Ever after when the old ox took it upon 
him to sulk, I had only to show him the cat, 
and a pinch of the tail would make him 
straighten himself for very life. But I was 
extremely careful to keep out of reach of his 
heels. 
Thus much for my experience in moving a 
Sullen Ox. w. 
Newport, N. Y., Aug. 10, 1856. 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Staggers in Sheep.— Formerly I lost sheep 
by this disease, until by experiment .1 discov¬ 
ered a remedy, which has not failed me for ma¬ 
ny years, and J think it a safe as well as a 
sure remedy. About twelve years since I 
found that a nice ewe of mine, which had two 
fine lambs, was affected with this disease. She 
was down by the fence, at the side of the pas¬ 
ture, and when she endeavored to walk or run, 
would stagger and fall, and appeared to be 
blind. I went to her, took my knife out, cut 
off an ear close to the head, and to my sur¬ 
prise found the blood did not start; not so 
much as one drop could 1 obtain. Thinking 
my sheep as good as dead, I concluded to try 
experiments upon her. 1 returned to my 
dwelling, and taking a bottle of spirits of tur¬ 
pentine in my hand, went again to the pas¬ 
ture. I had been absent perhaps an hour, but 
the sheep had not moved from where I left, her, 
and there was no discharge of blood from the 
ear. I poured perhaps 20 drops of turpen¬ 
tine into one ear; and after waiting a few 
miuutes, I turned her over and poured the 
same quantity into the other. She soon be¬ 
gan to shake her head, and a stream of blood 
ran from her amputated ear. In an hour she 
was apparently as well as ever,. Since then I 
have used the same remedy, without cuttirg off 
the ear, and have never lost a sheep by the 
staggers.”—A Native in the Hollow, 1855. 
Oiling Harness.— The following is my 
method of oiling harness:—Make a strong 
suds of Castile soap and hot water, too hot 
at first to bear the hand in it. Unbuckle 
your harness aud put in as many pieces as 
the water will cover; let them soak for a few 
minutes, then, with a blunt knife and a 
sponge, scrape and wash perfectly clean; hang 
in the shade to dry. (Add hot water and soap 
as your suds loses its beat and strength.) — 
When all are washed, begin with the driest 
and give a thick coat of prime Neats-foot 
Oil; (if very hard ar.d dry, two coats may be 
necessary.) Then mix up a little oil and 
lampblack about as thick as thin cream, aud 
when the oil has dried in, give a thin coat of 
the blacking, and let it cry thoroughly. Then 
make a suds, if possible stronger than before, 
and with your sponge wipe off the harness 
without putting it in the water—wipe and 
rub with a dry cloth or buckskin—aud put 
together again. I have a harness oiled twice 
a year in thi3 way, that has been in use every 
day in all weathers for more than ten years— 
and is now as soft and pliable as a glove, and 
bids fair to last for five years yet. Let some 
of your subscribers oil their harness by this 
method and I do not think they will every try 
cold water.—C. J. J., near Cincinnati, O. 
A Hint to Advertisers. — If those who 
advertise in the Rural would state price, Sec., 
it might often facilitate sales of articles and 
landed property. Implement dealers, seeds¬ 
men, nurserymen, stock owners, those who of¬ 
fer farms for sale, book publishers, ct id omne 
genus, would find it for their interest to give 
prices. The true system is to have but one 
price, and let that be known—thereby saving 
trouble and expense to those in want of what 
is advertised. Mr. Rural, as you have raised 
the price of your profess'onal visits lately, 
(and you are right in so doing.) and plainly 
stated the whys and wherefores, please advise 
your advertisers to be as frank in giving the 
exact figures to their customers.— E. B. II., 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
Black Oak Grubs. —Can you or any of 
your numerous correspondents give me any 
information in regard to the killing or getting 
out of large black oak grubs, or saplings ? Is 
there any way of killing them besides the la 
borious work of digging them out, root and 
branch ? Ii not, cannot some simple machine 
be contrived to do it with less labor than by 
hand ? 
Also, information would be thankfully re¬ 
ceived about cellar walls. Will lime and 
gravel be good ?—if so how prepared and laid 
up, where stones are scarce ? Will some one 
please inform me, through the Rural, on these 
subjects ?—II. Heaton, Ada, Kent Co., Mich. 
Wool Growing West. —As you and your 
family of readers and correspondents ssem to 
know about every thing that is worth know¬ 
ing, I wish to propound one question, “ merely 
for information.” Which State or Territory 
in the West is the best for wool growing ?— 
My impression is that Kansas will soon be as 
good as any, but would like to hear from some 
one acquainted with that and other favorable 
sections for the business. Some one who 
knows will please communicate for the benefit 
of others, and the particular edification of— 
A Yankee Boy, Kennebcclc, Me. 
Locust Seed. —Mr. C. Beal, of Boones- 
boro, Boone Co., Iowa, wants us to furnish 
him a bushel of this seed, or advise where it 
can be had, price, Ac. We can do neither, as 
there is none on sale in this city, and the New 
York market was swept last spring to supply 
the great demand of the Ill. Central Railroad 
Co. Who can furnish the seed, or desired 
information ? 
Kpniltural 
New York State Fair.— Onr readers vs ill 
bear in mind that this exhibition is to be held 
at Elmira, on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday 
and Friday, Oct. 2d, 3d, 4th and 5th. For 
their further information, we subjoin some 
important items from the official announce¬ 
ment of the Society: 
The grounds, comprising upwards of sixteen 
acres, have been conveniently arranged for the 
occasion. The Society’s large tents and other 
suitable structures, will be arranged for the 
exhibition of domestic goods, implements, 
fruits and flowers, &c , &c. 
The amount of premiums offered exceeds 
$8,000, and it is expected that the Fair will 
surpass either of its predecessors. Exhibitors 
should become members of the Society pre¬ 
vious to Monday, October 1, and articles must 
j be arranged on that day,—while live stock 
should be on the ground the week previous. 
On Tuesday, the 2d of October, the grounds 
will be open to exhibitors. 
On Wednesday morning, at 9 o’clock, the 
Judges will commence their examinations, at 
which none but persons having charge of the 
articles examined are expected to be present, 
but the grounds will be open to the public on 
that and the two succeeding days. 
The Plowing Matches are to take place at 
1 o’clock on Thursday. 
On Friday, Gov. J. A. Wright, of Indiana, 
will deliver the Annual Address. 
Admission to the grounds will bo 25 cents. 
Member’s ticket, $1, to admit five persons. 
The facilities for the exhibition of imported 
and other cattle will be greatly' increased.— 
Goods from foreign States will be exempt from 
duty uidess disposed of in this country. 
The Central Railroad will carry stock and 
goods free. The following roads will carry 
articles for exhibition without charge and pas¬ 
sengers at reduced rates New York and Erie, 
Canandaigua and Elmira ; Buffalo, Corning 
and New York ; Williamsportand Elmira; Buf¬ 
falo and New York City ; Catawissa, Williams¬ 
port and Erie ; Tioga ; Canandaigua and Ni¬ 
agara Falls ; ltlossburg and Coming ; Syra¬ 
cuse and Binghamton ; E,ome and Watertown ; 
and Potsdam and Watertown. 
One wetk’s notice of an intention to send 
stock should he given to the person in charge 
of the station from which it is to be forwarded. 
“The Flour Monopoly.” — Under thi 3 
heading the last number of the Maine Farmer 
says it is “both amusing and melancholy to 
see the exertions of those who are interested 
in keeping up the price of flour.” And after 
“ talking to ” dealers and monopolizers, the 
editor gives us this specimen of hydropathic 
treatment: 
“ We are sorry to see certain agricultural 
papers apparently taking sides with these 
speculators in the ‘ staff’ of life,’ aud trying 
to make it appear that there is to be a drouth 
in the land, and that instead of a full and 
overflowing harvest, there is, and is to be, a 
very short one. AmoDg them is the Rural 
New-Yorker. For some time it has been 
holding out the idea of short crops.” 
To sustain this assertion he quotes briefly 
from one of our contributors ,—but it will puz¬ 
zle him amazingly to prove that we have 
either “ taken sides with spectators,” or 
made unfounded statements in regard to the 
crops. On the contrary, we have paid no re¬ 
gard to speculators, and been particularly 
careful to sa,y nothing on the subject of the 
crops, except upon positive knowledge or 
what we believed reliable authority. Our re¬ 
marks have been chiefly confined to the wheat 
crop of Western New York, and we know the 
statements made, and opinions expres cd, to 
be mainly correct—the cavil of our respected 
contemporary to the contrary notwithstand¬ 
ing. We have now and again spoken of the 
ravages of the Hessian Fly and Wheat 
Midge, and of damage from wet weather du¬ 
ring harvest—all which, combined, have ren¬ 
dered the crop “ a very shoi t one ” in the re¬ 
gion named, as is patent to all classes—but 
have yet to learn that the facts have been ex¬ 
aggerated. Had our reports proved errone¬ 
ous, it is very probable we should have been 
advised of the fact long ere brother Holmes 
(who lives pretty near sun-rise, and is usually 
up early and well posted,) could have favored 
us w'ith correct information. 
— By the way, the idea of the Rural tak¬ 
ing side3 with speculators is rather novel, and 
will be likely to surprise our readers, and per¬ 
haps demolish the enmity of certain operators 
in breadstuffs. The general impression, here¬ 
abouts, is that the Rural, instead of favoring 
speculators, takes sides with producers. 
County and Town Ag. Societies. — We 
wish to publish, at as early a day as possible, 
a revised list of the Annual Fairs of the vari¬ 
ous County and Town Ag. Societies in this 
S tate. Secretaries of the Societies from which 
we have not heard will particularly oblige us 
by furnishing the proper data as to the times 
and places of holding their respective Show's. 
Multicole Rye.— We are unable to an¬ 
swer the inquiry of L. L. Kentner, Rock Ka¬ 
ren, Mead Co., Ky., who wishes to know 
where this grain can be obtained, price per 
bushel, and its superiority over the common 
article. Will some of our friends answer 
through the Rural, or address Mr. K. ? 
In-and-in Breeding.— I perceive by your 
journal that Mr. Valentine Barford’s show of 
Leicester rams will take place on the 6th of 
June. Mr. Barford is said to be the most suc¬ 
cessful in-and-in breeder of sheep in the king¬ 
dom ; for he has bred from the pure Bakewell 
blood for 65 years, without the aid of any 
other sort or kind, and bred from his own 
flock for upwards of 50 years, maintaining 
size, weight aud constitution. I have known 
his flock for upwards of half a century, and 
they appear as strong in their stamina as 
when I first saw them. Mr. Barford does not 
use a ram, unless he has a wide loin, a large 
breast aud coliar, and very wide between the 
fore legs, all of which points denote a hale 
constitution. 1 have known Mr. Barford’s 
rams to be pat to gigantic Lincolnshire ewes 
in the neighborhood of Peterborough, which 
produced sheep that weighed 70 lbs. per quar¬ 
ter, or 280 lbs. the carcass, fed by Mr. Bird, 
and slaughtered and exhibited at Peterbor¬ 
ough. Although in-and-ia breeding has beat 
thousands to a stand, Mr. Barford still shines 
in it, which shows his superior judgment.— 
Cor. Mark Lane Express. 
Farmers’ High School in Pa— AYe learu 
fromthe Repository and Whig, that provision 
is being made for the organization and man¬ 
agement of a Farmers’ High School in Penn¬ 
sylvania, in accordance with an act of incor¬ 
poration, recently passed by the Legislature 
of that State. The Trustees are empowered 
to make choice of a suitable location, embrac¬ 
ing not less than two hundred nor more than 
two thousand acres ; and also to choose a 
principal and other officers and assistants of 
suitable practical and scientific attainments, 
as well as make whatever arrangements the 
nature of the Institute may require. The 
State Agricultural Society is authorized to 
appropriate any sum, not exceeding ten 
thousand dollars, whenever the school may re¬ 
quire it and also to make anuual appropria¬ 
tions, according to the extent of its resources. 
Already liberal donations of land have been 
proffered by gentlemen in different parts of 
the State, and other lands offered at reduced 
prices .—American Agriculturist. 
Stock in Ohio. —A correspondent of the 
Louisville Courier, who has been traversirg 
Ohio, gives a very interesting account of the 
progress made in that State in the improve¬ 
ment of live stock, especially the breed of cat- 
tie. Some parts of the State, such as the 
counties of Pickaway, Madison, Highland, 
Licking, etc., have loug been celebrated in 
this respect, but it is within a comparatively 
few years only, that all sections have gone to 
work industriously and energetically to im¬ 
prove the breeds of their cattle and establish 
herds of commanding reputation. The writer 
attributes this result in a great measure, if not 
chiefly, to legislation favoring the establish¬ 
ment of agricultural societies in all the coun¬ 
ties. Meu of landed estates and pecuniary re¬ 
sources are at the present time embarking en¬ 
ergetically in the business of cattle raising, 
and farmers generally throughout the State 
are following their example. 
A Fact in Regard to Drilling Wheat. 
—We wish to record a fact which seems rath¬ 
er remarkable, in regard to drilling wheat.— 
We sowed about nine acres last fall, with one 
of Ross’ Drills and some three acres among 
corn, with a three shovel cultivator. Of the 
former, we have not noticed a single plant 
heaved out with the frost during the winter, 
though a part of it was sown on the poorest 
clay land on the farm, with but one plowing. 
It was sown immediately before that among 
the corn, and presented in the early winter a 
decidedly poor prospect. But that sown 
among corn is badly killed with winter, many 
plants lying on top of the ground, dead. In 
some places it seems almost entirely ruined. 
It is the same kind of wheat as that which 
was drilled. Our readers may draw their own 
conclusions.— Ind. Farmer. 
The Truffle.— It has been suggested to 
the Patent Office that measures should be ta¬ 
ken to introduce the truffle into the United 
States. This esculent, which in some respects 
resembles the mushroom, has been a favorite 
dish of epicures from time immemorial to the 
present day, and yet, strarge to say, they 
have always been scarce and high-priced, few 
knowing how to raise them, and fewer still 
possessing the proper knowledge to prepare 
them for the table. The royal cooks of 
France say that “ the truffle improves all it 
touches,” and happy the cuisines who can 
give a taste of its delicacy and flavor to each 
separate dish! 
Second Growth of Wheat.— On some lots 
near this town (says the AYinchester Virgini¬ 
an) may be seen the unusual spectacle ot the 
second growth of wheat, from the stubble of 
the gathered crop. Some stalks shown to us 
were between one and two feet high, and ex¬ 
hibited imperfectly formed heads of about half 
the common size. Stubble thus grown up 
was iu a green condition at harvest, and the 
recent growth, if we mistake not, is the result 
of the recent rains. 
Bacon, where art thou?—AYe are forced 
to exclaim where art thou Bacon, every time 
we glance at the statistics of canal receipts at 
tide water. Bacon this year falls behind ba¬ 
con last year at the rate of 8,000,000 lbs., and 
behind the receipts of the year 1853, in about 
the same ratio. Has Porkopolis been swal¬ 
lowed up or is not $20 per barrel large enough 
a temptation to move bacon forward ! 
Corn from Africa.— The Boston Traveler 
says :—“ AYe have before us a sample of corn, 
from a lot of 292 bags brought to this city a 
few days since, from AYinnebagh, coast of 
Africa. The importation of this useful article 
from that quarter, is a circumstance we had 
never before heard of. The corn resembles 
our while southern corn, but the kernols are 
somewhat smaller. It is said to weigh well. 1 
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