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MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
271 
(Drcjntrt) mtb fcben. 
ENTOMOLOGICAL 
TF3K SEASON FOR BEAUTIFUL INSECTS. 
“ Beautiful Insects, ” says the reader, 
“ where are they ? A worm, a grub, a mag¬ 
got, a caterpillar, a bug, a fly, a hornet, a 
grass hopper, a locust ? what a list of beau¬ 
ties, most of which all abhor.” True, many 
of these are offensive ; but are all so ? Far 
from it, in universal opinion. Let us look at 
some of these. 
Take the order called Lepidoptera by Lin¬ 
naeus, or scale-winged, because their fine mem¬ 
branous wings are covered with minute, deli¬ 
cate, fine scales. They have four wings, and 
a sucking tube to derive their food from leaves 
and flowers. There are three large families of 
them, with many of which all are familiar,— 
Butterflies, Hawk-moths and common Moths, or 
millers as usually called, because their scales 
fly off in a powder-like form, a3 they are 
caught. All three families are admired for 
their beauty. The butterfly is too common to 
need remark, yet its color, wings, variety of 
shape, artistic structure, ever attract, as they 
do in the others. The summer mouths abound 
with them : the season of their beauty is passing 
now. But all seasons have their insect beau 
ties to the admirers of the Orea’or’s works. 
Several kinds of hawk-moths are seen here. 
They are so called, because in takirg their 
food they balance themselves on their wiDgs 
before a flower, as the hawk does high in the 
air. Originally they formed the Linn a; an ge¬ 
nus, Sphinx. The reason of this name, Lin¬ 
naeus fancied he saw in the fact, that the worm 
or larva, in some of its changes, took a posi¬ 
tion standirg on its hinder legs and sufficiency 
erect to resemble somewhat the famous Egyp¬ 
tian Sphinx. I have lately been examining 
one of these Sphinx-like forme, s'andirg quiet¬ 
ly for hours on a grape vine upon which it 
lived and devoured the leaves. 
The old genus Sphinx has been divided into 
several, and the insect just alluded to i 3 nam¬ 
ed by Harris in his views of the insects of 
Massachusetts, Philampelus, or lover of the 
vine. Its larva also is frequent on the com 
mon creeper, ( Ampilopsis ) upon trees or about 
yards, often wrongly called woodbine. The 
larva, as it has eaten nearly enough, throws off 
the horn on its back, and shows in its place a 
smooth black spot like an eye. In a few days 
after, it passes to the earth and hides itself, 
drops off its head which belonged to the larva 
form, and becomes a brown, lifeless chrysalis, 
till another year it exchanges this form for 
that of a beautiful hawk-moth. 
In this perfect state of the insect, or imago 
image as it is called, it darts about with the 
rapidity and quickness of the humming-bird, 
and is often called the humming bird moth.— 
It may be seen at or after sunset or before sun 
rise. No one can see its motions without ad¬ 
miration. Its tube for sucking the nectar 
from flowers is coiled up under the neck, ready 
to be uncoiled and thrown out for its food, as 
it balances itself in the air and near the flower 
Soon it deposits its eggs on the vine, and itself 
dies or is seized by some carniverous animal 
for its prey and support. 
This larva is often nurnerons, and, being 
voracious, does great injury to the vine. 
Another of the sphinges, is mentioned by 
Mr. Harris, as destructive to the grape. Its 
larva not only devours the leaves, but eats off 
the stems of the unripe grapes so that the clus¬ 
ters fall to the ground and perish. I suspect 
this animal is about us, as I hear of the stems 
of clusters of grapes gnawed off by insects in 
the city. From the shape of the larva or 
worm, which committed these depredations, 
Mr. Harris gave it the name of Chcerocampa, 
or hog-caterpillar, the meaning of the two 
Greek wmrds from which the name is formed. 
The perfect insect lays the egg, from its own 
instinct, where the young may obtain its pe¬ 
culiar food. The egg hatches into a form to 
which various names are given from their ap¬ 
pearance, as worm, maggot, skipper, grub, 
caterpillar, and technically, larva. This de¬ 
vours, for it is voracious. The next charge is 
into a lifeless looking form, called chrysalis or 
pupa, iu a cocoon, rolled up in a leaf, buried 
in the earth or under some protection, &c., till 
the perfect insect, in another year perhaps, 
emerges into day. Wonderful are these works 
of Nature ; wonderful for us to behold. 
I took some ill-looking worms from a net¬ 
tle, placed them under a tumbler, and fed 
them several days with the leaves. At length 
they ceased to eat, crept up to the top of the 
tumbler, to which they fastened themselves by 
a web, and hung with their heads downwards. 
The next day their heads had dropped off, and 
tine bluish sacks hung suspended. In a lew 
days, from each one came a beautiful black but 
terfly with spotted and scolloped wings. This 
was the perfect insect or imago; beautiful, 
and the process wonderful. c. d. 
LADIES 
DUD TREES. 
The present is the proper time for propa¬ 
gating fruit by budding, and as this is a very 
busy sca30u for the farmer, this important and 
useful work is too often neglected. But as 
the work can be done a3 well by ladies, (and 
often with better success,) no good housewife 
should complain of the scantiness aid insipid¬ 
ity of her fruit who takes time to embroider 
a collar or manufacture a boquet. Th 9 di¬ 
rections for budding, with the engravings rep 
resenting the process, are so plain in almost 
every agricultural paper, that none need com¬ 
plain of their ignorance ; they have only to 
try their skill and follow closely the directions 
for this simple but pleasant task. I have 
given my attention to budding, and even 
grafting small trees, and have had full as good 
success as my husband,—and am doubly re¬ 
paid for all my toil by seeing our yards tilled 
with luxuriant fruit trees, comprising all the 
finest varieties of ebarries, apples, peaches, 
and pears, the most of which have already 
given us a fine supply of delicious fruit. 
I prefer budding to grafting, as the trees 
are easier brought into good shape and 
the weather of early autumn is more agree¬ 
able than the windy season of spring. I 
have written this o induce some of your 
lady readers to try their skill. The present 
year has been remarkable for large growth of 
stocks, and is a favorable time to commence 
practicing — but unless attended to immedi¬ 
ately the season will be past, or too late even 
to expect success. A Farmer’s Wife. 
Pine Hill, Aug. 18, 1856. 
TRIAL OF-NEW VEGETABLES. 
Leas — Champion, of England — This is a 
fine pea, generally with seven or eight in a 
pod ; sweet, large, and well flavored when 
cooked ; grows five feet high on rich land, and- 
requires “ sticking ”—which is a great object 
tion, and on which account it will Eot, I think, 
be very generally grown. 
Early May Pea. —This pea, although not 
new, is good. I have tried it by the side of 
the pea which is annually sent to your mar¬ 
kets from Norfolk, Ya., and find it to come 
in equally early ard bear as well. 
Cucumbers. — Adam’s Conqueror of the 
West. —This kind cannot be too highly prized; 
it grows freely and produces fine fruit. I 
have several measuring 22 and some 24 inches 
in lerigth. 
Jewess Cucumber. —This is also a fine vari¬ 
ety, but not so good as the above. It does 
not bear as well, and not quite so early ; but 
I have had fruit cf this kind 23 inches in 
length. It does not stand the scorching heat 
as well as the Conqueror, but still is far ahead 
cf the diminutive things we so often see. I 
have several other new seeds for trial, the re¬ 
sults cf which I will inform you, in due time. 
—W. Summersbey, in Am. Agriculturist. 
■m**r*cxin:txtzjtrr.ja. ■* 
iSftjrarac %\is, fa 
SUMMER PRUNING. 
Seeds of the sea-reed and the upright sea- 
lyme grass have been received at the Patent 
Office. They constitute the most cflectual 
bariier that can be used against tie encroach¬ 
ments of the Ocean. 
Mr. Moore :—The following article wa 3 
published some years ago in the American 
Farmer, under the heading of “ A New Hint 
to the Orchardist.” I send it for re-publica¬ 
tion in your excellent paper, if deemed wor¬ 
thy. If the directions are app’ied to other 
kinds of fruit trees, at the right time, I think 
the result will be advantageous. f. l. 
We copy a part of an article from the Gar¬ 
dener’s Chronicle, as quoted in the December 
number of Ilovey’s Magazine of Horticulture, 
under the head of “ Summer Pruning of Ap¬ 
ple Trees.” The writer had reference to the 
small dwarf trees in gardens, but his directions 
will apply equally well to the big trees of the 
orchard. All that is necessary, says the wri¬ 
ter, to insure abundant fruit, i3 to practice 
diligently on the August toppings. This con¬ 
sists in breaking or cutting off at that season 
from three to four inches of every summer 
shoot, and then, in mid-winter, cutting back 
two-thirds or one half more of such shoots, so 
as to reduce them to the length of four to six 
inches. 
The effect of this system is to prevent the 
sap of the trees from expending itself in the 
ever-lengthening of branches. The end of the 
summer shoots being broken off, the sap is 
arrested in its onward course, and forced into 
lateral channels. Those lateral channels are 
buds in the axils of the lower leaves. There 
it collects, is occupied in ihe organization of 
short lateral branches, which finally become 
short fruit-bearing spurs. In this way, we 
have seen dwarf uees covered with bearing 
wood down to the very graft. 
It observed Irom the beginning, this prac¬ 
tice renders a dwarf tree a most prolific ob¬ 
ject, 11 neglected at first, it may at aDy time 
afterwaids be put in force, with thi 3 difference 
in the result, that it takes a much longer 
time to bring into bearing a tree rendered 
barren by long mismanagement, than to se 
cure abundance from a tree well headed from 
its earliest youth. 
The.reason why August is chosen for the 
operation is this :—If the summer shoots are 
shortened earlier, the side buds will all break 
from the excessive influx of sap ; if performed 
later there will not be sufficient propulsion of 
sap into them to effect the desired object. It 
will frequently happen that, with ihe best 
management, some of the side buds will break; 
but they will be near the end of the branches, 
and be removed with the winter pruning. 
A\ e have said that in winter pruning, the 
shoots are to be cut back to the extent of half 
or two-thuds of their length. It is hardly 
necessary to explain that it is only the weak¬ 
er shoots that require to be shortened by Iwq.- 
thirds, and that the strongest are to be left 
with half their length. 
A Curious Fact.— The Magazine of Hor 
ticulture. says, what is in common language 
termed the bulbous root is by Linnaeus, 
termed the Hybernacle, or Winter Lodge of 
the youug plant. These bulb 3 in every re¬ 
spect, resemble buds, except in being produced 
under ground, and include the leaves and 
flower in miniature, which are to be expand¬ 
ed in the ensuing spring. By cautiously cut¬ 
ting, in the early spring, through the concen¬ 
tric coats cf a tulip root, longitudinally from 
the top of the base, and taking them off suc¬ 
cessively, the whole flower of the next sum¬ 
mer’s tulip is beautifully seen by the naked 
eye, with its petals, pistil and stamens; the 
flowers exist in other bulbs, in the same man 
ner, but the individual flowers of others bein,. 
less, they are not so easily dissected, or so con 
spicuous to the naked eye. In the buds of 
the Daphne Mezeron, and* in those of the He- 
patica, at the base of the Osmunda lunaria, a 
perfect p ! ant of the future year may be found 
complete in all its part 3 . 
fro-- 
LIST OF PATENTS. 
Untied Slates Patent Office for Jte toeek 
ending Jug. 7, 1866. 
o 
fawnro. 
Corn Bread. — Take one quart of corn 
meal, one pint of common flour or midlings 
two tablespoonfuls molasses, or its equivalent 
in sugar; wet with milk to the consistency 
of pan-cake batter well beaten; then add one 
teaspoonful of saleratus, half a lea-cup of sour 
cream or buttermilk, a little salt; bake in a 
two quart basin two hours or more in a slow 
oven. 
Another Recipe for Same.— Take one 
quart of meal, one-third as much flour, table¬ 
spoonful of lard or butter, two teaspoonfuls 
of cream of tartar, rub together while dry- 
wet with milk to the consistency of soft gin 
ger-bread, add one teaspoonful of soda dis¬ 
solved in warm water, bake from 20 to 25 
minutes in a quick oven. An egg or two is 
an improvement. 
Dried Peaches.— Our friends hereabouts 
have no occasion for recipes for drying or pre 
serving peaches this season. The following 
item from the Prairie Farmer will, however, 
prove valuable to readers in more favored lo¬ 
calities : 
Peaches a3 usually dried are very good fruit; 
but can be made vastly better if treated in 
the right way. Last season the recipe which 
had quite a circulation in the papers of dry- 
irg the ftuit by a stove after halving it and 
sprinkling a little sugar into the cavity left by 
the extracted pits, was tried in our family.— 
The fruit was found to be most excellent; bet¬ 
ter to the taste of nine out of ten persons’than 
any peach preserves, by far. The peaches 
however, were good ones before drying; or it 
is doubtful whether poor fruit can be’ made 
good by that process or any other. 
Carden Fruits. —All growers of raspber¬ 
ries, gooseberries, blackberries, currants, &c., 
can secure their bushes against disease and 
unproductiveness, by mulching the roots well. 
Any old trash in the garden will answer for 
this purpose—such as weeds, grass, leaves, 
and the scrapings from the avenues. It acts 
as an exterminator of weeds—as a cooler and 
moistener of the soil—and as the best manure, 
when it rots, that can be applied. We never 
knew a gooseberry bush that Lad been prop¬ 
erly thinned out and not bound up too close¬ 
ly, showing mildewed fruit, or that did not 
bear abundantly every year. These mulch¬ 
ings should be applied three times iu the sea¬ 
son—iu the spring, in midsummer, and late 
in the fall. 
It should also be remembered, as it respect 
raspberries, that any grubbing cr digging 
about their roots, should be carefully avoided. 
In nearly if not quite every instance where we 
have disturbed the roots of the raspberry, the 
“alks either perished over winter, or were so 
Blackberry Wine. —The following is said 
to be an excellent recipe for the manufacture 
of a superior wine from blackberries:_ 
Measure your berries and bruise them ; to ev¬ 
ery gallon add one quart of boiling water; 
let the mixture stand 24 hours, stirring occa¬ 
sionally ; then strain ofl' the liquor into a cask; 
to every gallon adding two pounds of sugar ; 
cork tight, and let stand till the following 3 Oc¬ 
tober. 
much injured as to be next to worthless the 
following season. —Germantorcn Telegraph. 
To make carnations flower well, they should 
be firmly tied up to the rods and watered iu 
dry weather. 
To Dry Plums.—S plit ripe plums, take the 
stones frem them, and lay them on plates or 
sieves to dry in a warm oven or hot sun ; take 
them in at sunset, and do not put them out 
again until the sun will be upon them ; turn 
them that they may be done evenly; when 
perfectly dry, pack them in jars or boxes 
lined with paper, or keep them in bags ; hang 
them in aa airy place. 
Gloss on Linen.—To restore the gloss 
commonly observed on newly purchased col¬ 
lars and shirt bosoms, add a spoonful of gum- 
arabic water to a piut of starch, as usually 
made for this purpose. Two oouces of clear 
gum-arabic may be dissolved iu a piut of 
water, and after standing over night, may be 
racked ofl, and kept iu a bottle ready for use. 
J^raes Melville Koebank Works, Great Bri'ain, and 
Jos. Burch, Craig Hall, Great Britain machine for print 
mg textile fabrics. ” 
Samuel W. Brown, I.owell, improvement in gas reeu 
lators. 6 
Jacob Bu-ser, Philadelphia, improvement in railroad 
signals. 
D. D. Badger, New York, improvement in iron houses. 
Leander W. BoyDton, Worcester, improvement in ma¬ 
chine for preparing flocks. 
I^onird B.i ey, Winchester, Mass., plane scraper, 
^ohn Broadbent, Oak Grove, Ry. improvement in 
looms. 
James Connor and Thou Newby, Richmond, Ind im 
provement in machine drills. 
Robert Cochran, Cincinnati, improved method of 
hanging mill stones. 
Dewitt C. Cummings, Fulton, N. Y , improvement in 
straw cutters. 
Daniel Dunlap, Concord, N. H., improved cutter head 
for irregular forms. 
Robt. W. Fenwich, Brooklyn, and Reinhold Boeklen 
Jersey City, improvement in corn planters. 
Alden Graham, Roxbury, improved wrench. 
John N. Gamewell, Camden, S C., improvement in ap 
paratus for discharging atmospheric electricity from 
telegraph wires. Patented in England, Sept. 16, 1854. 
A. P. Gray and J. C. Fincher, Thibodeaux, guage at 
tachment for hand saws. 8 6 
1*}veras Hull, Charlestown, Mass., improvement in 
braiding machines. 
John L Irwin Eranklln, Ala., improved mode of se¬ 
curing tires upon wheels. 
Peter H. Jackson, New York improvement in shin’s 
winches. 
William J. Mclntire, New Yonk, improvement in pro- 
polling vessels by the direct action of steam on the 
water. 
John G. McNair, West Farms, improvement in manu 
f.cturing carpets. 
J). W. Perkins, Rome, improvement in dental chairs. 
C has. A. Postly, Philadelphia, improved machine for 
measuring and weighing grain. 
Chas. E. Parker. Boston, and Joseph Suager, Water- 
town, Mass., improved mode of adjusting blinds to w.n- 
dows, &c. 
B. E. Barkhurst, Brunswick, Me. machine for sawing 
lumber. 
Edward rage, Worcester, improvement in molasses 
pitchers. 
S-las G. Randall and James H. Jones, Rockton, III. 
improvement iu seed planters 
Auiasa Stone, Philadelphia, improvement in forming 
screw threads, &c., in the necks of glass bottles and 
similar articles. 
Gto. W. Smith, Nanticoie, improvement in tanning 
apparatus. 
Addison Spaulding, Lowell, improvement in the con¬ 
struction of artificial legs. 
Win. J. Temple, Princeton, Mass., improved se’f-ad 
justing tongue iron. 
James. M. Thompson, Holyoke, improvement in oil 
drippers. 
Jno. B Tay, North Woburn, improvement in the bed 
spring of leather splitting machines. 
Wui. Van Anden, Pougnkeepsie, spoke machine. 
Addison Capron, Attleboro’, and Jos. S. Dennis, Som¬ 
erville, Mass., assignors to themselves and Henry M. 
Richards, Attleboro’, aforesaid, improved machine for 
attaching hooks and eyes to cards. 
Balvor Halvorson, Cambridge, assignor to Horace 
Barnes, Boston, improvement in the manufacture of da¬ 
guerreotype cases. 
Pbillipe SteDger, Philadelphia, assignor to Pascal 
Yearshy of same place, improvement in the manufac¬ 
ture of plate glass. 
Louisch Koch, New York, assignor to Peter B. Swee 
ney and Michael Lacourt, ol same place, improvement 
in machinery for making paper pulp. 
James Smith, Laurel, Md., assignor to himself and 
V m. Botterill, Howard Co , Md., improvement in tern 
pies for looms. 
Dtsiux—W m. A. Rogers, Decatur, Ala., design for 
labels on bottles and jars. 
Quick made Blacking for Shoes. —Beat 
up two eggs, add a teaspoonful ot‘ alcohol, a 
lump of sugar, and ivory black to thicken ; 
it should be laid ou and polished like leather 
blacking, and left a day to harden before it is 
used. 
BRITISH AND AMERICAN ENGINEERS. 
When Mr. Stevenson, the renowned Engi¬ 
neer of England, was on a visit to Canada, 
some two years ago, a public dinner was 
given him in Toronto, by the engineers em¬ 
ployed on the public works. Among other 
things, he gave it as his opinion, tfiat the 
Suspension Bridge, then building over the 
N iagara River, would be a loss of capital, 
and no train of cars would ever pass over it. 
He landed the project of the Victoria Bridge, 
two miles in length, to be built at Montreal, 
over the St. Lawrence, the plan of which he 
had made. Well— $1,165,000 has been ex¬ 
pended on his Bridge, and the work suspended 
in consequence of the failure of the principle 
of construction. The ice, floods, &c., tnis 
spring, carried away most of the work of last 
year. This has resulted, a3 Mr. Stevenson 
was repeatedly told it would, by three expe¬ 
rienced American Engineers in Montreal at 
the time Mr. Stevenson was on a visit there, 
betting in an office in London, and drawing a 
profile ot a bridge over the St. Lawrence in 
Canada, having never seen the place to be 
crossed, has proved a sore and costly job to 
the Provinces. Result: The Wire Bridge at 
the I alls is daily crossed by lorg trains of 
care—and the V ictoria Bridge suspended as 
impracticable. 
Again, some six years since, a Yankee took 
a mode! of the Steam Shovel invented by him 
to England. Mr. Stevenson was the Chief 
Engineer on several Railways then buildin°- 
in Great Britain, and, of course, Mr. S. was 
the man to first call upon in reference to it. 
After examining it, two or three hours, Mr. 
Stevenson pronounced it worthless, and could 
make no sale, but took the precaution to take 
out a patent in England. The Yankee re¬ 
turned to Boston, promising in six months he 
would be there again, with a machine ready 
for operation. He was laughed at. No 
sooner had he left, than Stevenson set me¬ 
chanics to work to build one on his own plan, 
and expended several thousand dollars, but it 
was no go. At the end of six months, Mr. 
brainard, then of Ogdecsburg, and now of the 
firm of Williams, Brainard A Co., of Niagara 
Car Shop, made his appearance before Mr. 
Stevenson, with the Steam Shovel oh the 
Liverpool Dock. Mr. S. was invited to go 
and see it. He preferred seeing it in opera¬ 
tion. Mr. Brainard took it on to some road 
then builaing, that had heavy cuttings, and 
set it to work. Mr. S. ard his friends came 
out and witnessed its performance. The next 
day. Mr. S. handed Mr. Brainard a check for 
$100 000 for the patent, and they are now 
used cu all the heavy work iu Europe. The 
same machines are much used in this cotmtrv 
and are called the “ Yankee-lrishman.” 
Again, when a line of steamers from Amer¬ 
ica to Europe was first projected, it was very 
generally discussed by the Eug bh and Amer¬ 
ican papers—the British taking the side of 
its impracticability. Among other writers 
iu the London Times, and Scientific Journal, 
was Dr. Lardner, the celebrated author on 
steam engines. At that time, there was a 
weekly paper published in New York, by Mr. 
Mipor, (name not recollected,) wholly devoted 
to improvements and scientific subjects. Mr. 
Minor was the editor, and wrote a series of 
articles on the practicability of navigating 
the Atlantic by steam. Canard & Co., now 
the owners of the English line, took their idea 
oi a mail line between the two countries, from 
Mr. Minor’s articles, discarding the opinion of 
the great Dr. Lardner. The British govern¬ 
ment gave them a mail contract. From this 
has sprung hundreds of steam lines to the re 
motest portions of the globe. So much for 
go-ahead Yankees and plodding John Bull.— 
A York State Engineer, in Rochester Hem 
A Sword for a King. —A sword has just 
heen manufactured at Newark, N. J., for 
Kamehameha, King of the Sandwich Islands. 
The sword was manufactured by order of the 
King, who furnished the drawings and speci¬ 
fications, and is intended to be used only on 
state occasions. The Newark Advertis 
gives the following description : 
“It is made in the form of a Turkish cirne- 
tar, with _ a massive scabbard of a metallic 
composition, richly gilt by electro-magne¬ 
tism, and decorated through the whole length 
with a vine which grows luxuriantly on the 
Sandwich Islands ; near the top is engraved 
the coat of arms of the King, bearing a motto 
in the native language — ‘ Ua Man Ka ea okv 
aina I ka pono.’ ‘ The life of the KiDg is 
dedicated forever to righteousness.’ The hilt 
is gracefully curved, and heavily studded with 
precious stones, including rubies, emeralds, 
sapphires, and carbuncles, and bears also the 
initials cf the King.” 
A New Windmill has been invented by 
Mr. A. P. Brown, of Brattleboro’, Yt. The 
invention consists in a new and ingenious plan 
or arrangement of the machinery, by which it 
becomes its own regulator, readily adjusting 
itself to strong and sudden gusts of wind._ 
The arrangement is euch that the vane of the 
mill is left free to change or turn round with 
the wind, while a mill-stone or other machin- 
ery are revolving below. The centrifugal 
force of the fans themselves, aided by the di¬ 
rect force of the wind, pulls them all out to¬ 
ward the circurnffirence or rim of the wheel, 
while a spiral groove or track in which each 
one is forced to move, turns the fan more and 
more away from the wind whenever the wheel 
runs too fast or the wind is too strong. An¬ 
other arrangement increases the rapidity of 
the wheels when Ihey move too slow._ N. Y. 
Evening Post. 
Flax Manufacture. — The Providence 
JonrDal mention having seen at the rooms of 
Mr - J- Wilson, of that city, some speci¬ 
mens of flax in the various stages of manufac¬ 
ture, from the coarse raw material dressed 
without rotting, to the yarn fine enough to 
spin -No. 100, and ths woven cloth handsome- 
ly finished and beautifully bleached. Twine 
thread, and other manufactures of flax were’ 
also exhibited. The Scientific American be¬ 
lieves this to be the first fine linen cloth and 
thread which have been manufactured in this 
country ; linen twine and bhoemakera’ coarse 
thread hive been extensively manufactured 
but not a single yard of American linen has 
teen exhibited at any of our fairs. By the 
new processes of bleaching and spinning the 
manufactured article can be afforded at much 
reduced prices.— N. Y. Post. 
. ^ aval Architecture. —In the construc¬ 
tion of the great iron steamship now buildirg 
on the Thames, the whole of the vessel has 
beep formed of a double “ skin” of iron, with 
an intervening space of three feet; the mate¬ 
rial is disposed of longitudinally, by which 
the fabric is rendered stronger ; and the outer 
skin ” might be rent or torn against a rock 
witneut causing the ship to leak, it the inner 
one remained unbroken. Not only is the -hip 
divided transversely into fen compartments 
but two longitudinal bulkheads of iron run 
tore and aft, about forty feet wide apart. By 
the^e iron party walls the whole ship is por- 
tioned out into so many fire-proof apartments 
as to be good security against fire. 
A new portable stove is described in the 
London Mining Journal. It is made of thin 
wrought iron, without any flue, and may be 
used upon any table or in any room. The 
fuel employed is cocoa nut stearine, in cakes, 
burnt by means of six wicks introduced into 
each cake, the cake fitting into a tin dish, 
made exactly to contain it. No smoke" is 
produced, and the stove is capable of boiling 
baking and broiling, and the whole is com¬ 
prised in a cube of about 16 inches. The cost 
of fuel burnt is at the rate of one penny per 
hour, a cake lasting eight hours. “ A 
Mr b. lx. Griffiths, of Mobile hss con¬ 
structed at the Union India Rubber Works, 
at Harlem, what he calls a cotton floater, an 
India rubber vessel, made large enough to en¬ 
velope a smgle bale of cotton, to be used in 
such a manner that a raft may be formed of a 
number of them united, on which to float that 
produce. It is thought they will be of great 
utility. 
The production of iron by the smeJt‘n°- 
furnaces of Great Britain has reached 3.000° 
000 tuns annually ; and for every tun of iron 
two tuns of slag are formed, making an ag¬ 
gregate of at least 6,000,000 tuns of this 
hitherto useless material; at the present time 
it costs the smelters no less than £150,000 to 
cart it away and get rid of this refuse. 
Good Iron. — The Lake Superior Journal 
says the Collins Iron Company at Marquette 
have got their forges in operation. We are 
informed that they will have one hundred tuns 
of bar iron ready for shipment by the 1 st of 
September. This is known to be the best in 
the world, rivaling the celebrated Swedish bars. 
