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MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER i AN AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
Dnlhttt) <iutr darton. 
A FINE ORCHARD—HOW MANAGED. 
Fruit Growers’ Society of Western- 
New York— The first Annual Meeting aad 
Exhibition of this Society is announced to be 
held in Buffalo, commencing on Thursday, Ihe 
13th inst. The time has been fixed thus early 
in order to avoid collision with the various 
State and County exhibitions. It is hoped 
and expected that the Fruit Growers, Nur¬ 
serymen, and others interested in fruit cul¬ 
ture in Western New York, will turn out in 
their strength to this meeting, and bring with 
them specimens of their fruits. The objects 
of the Society are to compare the fruits of 
different localities, discuss their merits, detect 
errors in nomenclature, and in various other 
ways promote the interests of this important 
branch of culture. 
We look forward to the doings of the So¬ 
ciety with great interest. d hey are to be 
published towards the close of the season, 
when all the reports are completed. 
THE MORALS OF FRUIT STEALING. 
Under this heading our occasional corres¬ 
pondent, E. A. McKay, Esq., contributes the 
following sensible and seasonable article to the 
Ontario Times. It is in the right vein to cor¬ 
rect the lax public sentiment so prevalent in 
most sections of the country. The remedy 
suggested in the closing paragraph is the great 
desideratum, and its adoption would promote 
a healthy morality and protect the Buffering 
portion of community. 
Judging from the universal laxity of morals 
on th<T subject of fruit stealing, prevalent in 
almost all parts of the country, it would al¬ 
most seem that the injunction, “ thou shalt 
not steal,” was generally understood as not 
intended to have any application to the va¬ 
rious articles of property included under the 
general name of fruit. Parents who would 
shrink from the thought that a son had been 
guilty of stealing a shilling’s worth of goods 
from a neighboring store, as from the icy coils 
of a deadly serpent, too often look with stolid 
indifference on the perpetration of a robbery 
of a fruit orchard to the amount of five cr 
ten dollars. 
In the one case the idea cf disgrace is al¬ 
ways attached to the act, as it should be 
while in the other, it is. not so, but only look 
ed upon as a piece of innocent if not praise¬ 
worthy amusement. But let us give the sub¬ 
ject a little examination, and see if we should 
not give the fruit thief quite as indelible a 
stacnp of infamy a3 we do the person who is 
guilty of stealing any other sort of property. 
A. plants a half dozen choice pear trees, and 
stakes them, and prunes and nurses them for 
eight or ten years, all on the strength of the 
hope of enjoying their delicious fruit when 
they come into bearing. And at last he has 
the satisfaction of seeing a few fine specimens 
of fruit growing, and finally ripening on each 
of them—he goes out one morning to see if 
some of them may not be ripe enough to gath¬ 
er, and judge of his disappointment, you who 
wink at fruit stealing, when he discovers that 
a thief ha 3 got the start of him—that they 
have all been stolen the previous night. Now, 
supposing the intrinsic value of the fruit thus 
stolen does not exceed one dollar, does the 
reader think for a moment that that is the ex¬ 
tent of the injury to the person losing them? 
By no means, for A. would have preferred that 
five dollars worth of grain had been stolen 
from his granary—and why ? simply because 
he had waited so long for them to grow—-had 
watched their growth with so much interest, 
and had confidently expected (as he had a 
right to expect) to gather them for his own 
use. Indeed the mere money value cf the 
fruit in the market is not the full extent of 
the loss he has sustained. His disappoint¬ 
ment and vexation are uot included iu this, 
nor the thought, that in spite of his utmost 
vigilance in future, ho has no reliable guaran- 
ty°against a like misfortune the next season. 
For°growing - fruit cannot be locked up and 
protected with the ease that most kinds of 
property can. 
So utterly at fault is public sentiment on 
this subject, that many who have depredations 
committed upon their fruit, hesitate to prose¬ 
cute the offenders, when discovered, fearing 
that such a proceeding will hardly be sanc¬ 
tioned by the community. Now we submit 
that this’is all wrong—that there is no good 
reason why the fruit thief who prowls about 
in the night, when honest people are asleep, 
for the purpose of plundering fruit orchards 
should not be held up to the scorn and con¬ 
tempt of the community, and placed in the 
same category as the sheep-thief, the robber of 
hen-roosts and the burglar. 
There is great need of a change in public 
sentiment, iu respect to this matter. 1'he evil 
is so prevalent in many sections of the coun¬ 
try as to deter many from attempting to cul 
tivate f.uit to any thing like the extent they 
otherwise would. Let the press, especially the 
Agricultural Press, speak out fearlessly on 
thfs subject aud let all good citizens frown 
down the idea altogether too prevalent in com¬ 
munity, that “ it is uot larceny to steal fruit." 
In our opinion the remedy for this evil is in 
the keeping of the respectable portion of com¬ 
munity, to a very great extent; for just so 
soon as the robber of orchards comes to be 
looked upon by all respectable people in the 
same light that the robber of hen-roosts is, the 
fruit on the trees will become as secure as are 
the pullets on the roost—and not before. 
Fruit Growers’ Society of Western New 
York.— The first Annual Exhibition of this 
Society will be held in Buffalo, commencing 
on Thursday, September 13th, 1S55. Fruits 
designed for exhibition may be directed to the 
care of H. C. White, 196 Main street, Bufi'alo. 
Jno. B. Eaton, Sec’y. 
One of the finest orchards in America is 
that of Pelham farm, at Esopu3, on the Hud- 
It is no less remarkable for the beauty 
and high flavor of its fruit, than the constant 
productiveness of the trees. The proprietor, 
It. L. Tell, Esq , has kindly furnished ns with 
some notes of his experiments on fruit trees, 
and we subjoin the following highly interest¬ 
ing one on the apple : 
For several years past I have been experi¬ 
menting on the apple, having an orchard of 
2,000 bearing Newton and Pippin tree?. I 
found it very unprofitable to wait for what is 
termed the “ bearing year,” and it has been 
my aim to assist nature so as to enable the 
trees to hear every year. I have noticed that 
from the extensive productiveness of this tree, 
it requires the intermediate year to recover it¬ 
self—to extract from the earth and the atmos¬ 
phere the materials to enable it to produce 
again. This it is not able to do, unassisted 
by art, while it is loaded with fruit, and the 
intervening year is lost; if, however, the tree 
is supplied with proper food it will bear every 
year ; at least such has been the result of my 
experiments. Three years ago, in April, I 
scraped all the rough bark from the stems of 
several thousand trees in my orchards, and 
washed all the trunks and limbs within reach 
with soft soap ; trimmed out all the branches 
that crossed each other, early in June, and 
painted the wounded part with white lead, to 
exclude moisture and prevent decay. I then, 
in the latter part of the same month, slit the 
bark by^unning a sharp pointed knife from 
the ground to the first set of limbs, which pre¬ 
vents the tree from becoming bark-bound, and 
gives the young wood an opportunity of ex¬ 
panding. In November the lime was dug in 
thoroughly. 
The following year I collected from these 
trees 1,700 barrels of fruit, part of which was 
sold in New York for four, and others in Lon¬ 
don for nine dollars per barrel. The cider 
made from the refuse, delivered at the miil two 
days after its manufacture, I sold for three dol¬ 
lars and three-quarters per barrel of 32 gallons, 
exclnaive of the barrels. In October I ma¬ 
nured these trees with stable manure in which 
the ammonia had been fixed, and covered im¬ 
mediately with earth. The succeeding au¬ 
tumn they were Gterally bending to the ground 
with the finest fruit I ever saw, while the oth¬ 
er trees in my orchard not so treated were 
quite barren, the last year being their bearing 
year. I am now placing round each tree one 
peck of charcoal dust, and propose in the 
spring to cover it from the compost heap. 
My soil is a strong, deep, sandy loam on a 
gravelly subsoil. I cultivate my orchard 
grounds, as if there were no trees on them, and 
raise grain of every kind except rye, which is 
so very injurious that I believe three succes- 
ive crops would destroy any orchard younger 
than twenty years. I raised last year in an 
orchard containing twenty acres, trees eigh¬ 
teen years old, a crop of Indian corn which 
averaged 140 bushels of ears to the acre. 
The Duration of Vegetable Life. —Lord 
Lindsay states that in the course of his wan¬ 
derings amid the pyramids of Egypt, he stum¬ 
bled on a mummy, proved by its hieroglyphics 
to bo at least 2,000 years of age. On exam¬ 
ining the mummy after it was unwrapped, he 
found in one of its closed hands a tuberous or 
bulbous root. He was interested in the ques¬ 
tion how long vegetable life could last, and he 
therefore took that tuberous root from the 
mummy’s hand, planted it in a sunny soil, al¬ 
lowed the rains and dews of heaven to descend 
upon it, and in the course of a few weeks, to 
his astonishment and joy, the root burst forth 
and bloomed into a beautiful dahlia. 
COAL DIGGING IN WYOMING VALLEY, 
Curious Device in Grafting. —The gar¬ 
deners of Italy sell plants of jasmines, roses, 
honeysuckles, &c., all growing together from 
a stock of orarge, myrtle or pomegranate, on 
on which they say they are grafted. But this 
is a mere deception ; the fact being, that the 
stock has its centre bored out, so as to be 
made into a hollow cylinder, through which 
the stems of jasmines and other flexible plants 
are easily made to pass, their roots interming¬ 
ling with those of the stock. After growing 
for a time, the increase in the diameter of the 
stems, thus enclosed, forces them together,and 
they assume all the appearance of being 
united to one common stem. 
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O 
ABOUT FURNITURE. 
THE CULTIVATION OF PEAR TREES. 
Having been for a few weeks among the 
fruit growers of Massachusetts, I notice that 
an error prevails among them in the treat¬ 
ment of their dwarf pear trees, particularly 
in planting them, and to so great an extent 
that many persons have almost abandoned 
their culture, although they are really the most 
valuable trees. 
In planting, it should be borne in mind 
that the Anger's Quince will not endure the 
winters of New England, and that it is the 
only variety on 7.hich the pear succeeds; in 
all Quinces the borers work, and this variety 
is even more subject to them than the fruit 
bearing kinds, but if the trees are planted 
deeper than the place of grafting, these diffi¬ 
culties are all obviated, aud another advan¬ 
tage attained, which is all important—that 
is, the production of fibers above the place of 
rafting which will spread plentifully through 
the ground, and sustain the tree to a great 
number of years, even if the Quince roots 
were entirely removed, and will give them a 
more vigorous growth and double or treble 
the amount of their production. 
The proper depth of planting is about three 
inches deeper than the place of grafting. A 
mound of earth thrown around the tree will 
uot be of any avail, as it loses its own moist¬ 
ure from the roots underneath, and a mound 
will not often bring out the roots from the 
pear. Another matter almost always over¬ 
looked is the cutting back of trees; when 
first planted they should be cut back to three 
or four buds of the last year’s growth, and 
this continued for three years, by which a 
stocky tree of good form is obtained, which 
will often produce more fruit, and of better 
quality, thau standard trees. 
The ground for pears is never too rich, and 
two bushels of coarse stable manure put 
about the tree each spring, and left to decay 
through the summer and dug in, and repeated 
the next spring, will uot, on many of the best 
varieties, fail to bring forth an abundant crop 
of melting buttery fruit, of honeyed sweet¬ 
ness, and of size and beauty that would least 
the eye and palate of an epicure.—M. AY. 
Stevens, in Boston Journal. 
As in dress, so in furniture—a little taste 
is better than much money without it. There 
are certain articles which, if good, cost much, 
such as carpets and mirrors. But couches, 
lounges, ottomans, and chairs may be had 
quite cheap, and also very tasteful, by the ex¬ 
ercise of a little art and industry. A com¬ 
mon chair which costs a dollar, stuffed and 
covered at the cost of another dollar, may be 
a better and more beautiiul article than one 
you may buy for ten ; and five dollars and a 
lew hours’ labor will give you a couch really 
more elegant, as well as more comfortable, 
than a sola that costs fifty. Bat a good pi¬ 
ano-forte, like a good mirror, has the element 
of cost, and to save a hundred dollars in one, 
or twenty in the other, is poor economy.— 
Fiate glass keeps its value ; and a good tone 
is worth more than all outside finish. 
Don’t make your rooms gloomy. Furnish 
them for light, and let them have it. Day¬ 
light is very cheap, and candle or gas-light 
you need not use often. If your rooms are 
dark, all the effect of furniture, pictures, walls 
and carpet are lost. 
Finally, if you have beautiful things, make 
them useful. The fashion of having a nice 
parior, and then shutting it up all but three 
or four days in a year, when you have com¬ 
pany—spending your own life in a mean 
room, shabbily furnished, on an unhealthy 
basement, to save your things, is the meanest 
possible economy. Go a little further—shut 
up ycur house and live in a pig-pen? The 
use of nice and beautiful things is to act up¬ 
on your spirit—to educate you and make you 
beautiful .—Manners Book. 
Turning east from a gentle swell, we stop¬ 
ped to witness the process of boring for coal, 
preparatory to opening a tunnel or shaft for 
mining. The object is to ascertain the pre¬ 
cise position of the thickest vein. When that 
is found a horizontal tunnel is driven, era 
perpendicular shaft is sunk, in the adjacent 
acclivity to meet it, and then the vein is fol¬ 
lowed by lateral drifts. 
’Through the main tunnel the water runs 
off, and the railway tracks are constructed for 
removing the coal. The process of boring is 
thus :—A drill two and a half inches in diam¬ 
eter, of best cast-steel, is inserted into an iron 
rod two inches in diameter, by a screw of the 
nicest workmanship, so as to make the con¬ 
nexion as near solid as possible. The rod; is 
attached to a heavy beam fifteen feet long 
properly balanced on a fulcrum. Two men 
work this lever at its long arm up and down, 
giving the same motion to the rod. Two 
others stand at the rod holding two horizon¬ 
tal arms or spekes, with which they turn the 
drill after each stroke. When the ten foot 
red is buried, another is attached by a screw, 
and then another, till the coal is reached.— 
Once an hour the entire rod must be lifted 
out and the hole cleansed. In this instance 
the workmen had penetrated two hundred 
and forty feet, and the weight of the rod thus 
far used was one thousand pounds. The lay¬ 
er in which they are uow working and into 
which they had penetrated twenty-six feet, is 
very hard—almost as hard a3 granite—and 
their progress was but eight inches a day, 
which is one-third the rate in ordinary strata. 
The laborers take the job at so much a foot, 
at their own hazard as to the character of the 
strata. The process is lorg, laborious, and 
hugely expensive. They had already passed 
through several veins of coal a foot in thick¬ 
ness, but the main layer of twenty feet or 
more they had not reached, and had no means 
of judging as to its depth. The miners are 
foreigners, more Welsh than any other race. 
They speak their own language and little 
English. The mine, dark and dirty as it is, 
is their home. They could not be persuaded 
to take any other employment, though equally 
remunerative. When they emerge from the 
mine, all black from the coal, and greasy with 
lamp oil, for each wears a lamp on the front- 
let of his cap, to light his way in those lower 
regions, they appear any way but attractive, 
Great skill is required iu mining, to put in 
blasts so as to best effect the object, and then 
break the masses into fragments most conve¬ 
nient to be handled and loaded, and to do 
this without waste, that is, without reducing 
much of it to powder or small bits. Anthra¬ 
cite mines are not so much exposed to explo¬ 
sions as the bituminous. Only one instance 
of an explosion has been known in this val¬ 
ley.— Cor. Boston Traveler. 
OIL USED ON R AILROADS. 
We are indebted to Edward H. Jones, 
master mechanic, Albany, N. Y., for tables 
of the quantity of oil used by each engine on 
the different divisions of the Central Railroad, 
New York, during the month of May last. 
The following is the gross amount used on 
each division of the road : 
Pints 
Mis. run to 
Divisions. Miles run. 
oil used. 
1 pint oil. 
Albany and Utica. 49.9S8 
3,624 
13 4-5 
Schenectady and Utica. 39.035 
4,055 
9 5-8 
Troy and Schenectady. 8,162 
1,048 
7 4 5 
Syracuse and Utica .... 39,265 
3,266 
12 
Syracuse and Rochester 78,659 
Rochester & Buffalo and 
6,804 
13 1-2 
Roch’r & Niag. Falls.102,676 
11,637 
8 5-6 
Total.317,786 
29,434 
10 4-5 
MINES OF LAKE SUPERIOR, 
It will be observed by our readers that 
there is a very great difference in the quanti¬ 
ty of oil used on the different divisions of this 
road, the distance run on the Albany and 
Utica section, to one pint of oil, being nearly 
double to that on the Troy and Schenectady 
branch. There must be some reason for thfe ; 
is it the fault of the track ? We find in the 
particular tables, giving an account of the 
performance of each engine, that there is also 
a great difference iD use of oil, by different 
engines. Thus, on the Albany and Utica di¬ 
vision, the engine “ Mechanic” only run 6 4-7 
miles with one pint of oil, whereas “ No. 22” 
run 22 1-6 miles—more than three times the 
distance. How is this to be accounted for ? 
Is the fault in the engine or the engineer ? 
On the Utica and Schenectady division we 
find a still greater difference between the per¬ 
formance of two engines with one pint of oil; 
thus, “No. 6” run only 3 2-3 miles, while 
“No. 65 run 14 1-3—more than four times 
the distance. On the Syracuse and Utica di¬ 
vision, engine “Oneida” consumed one pint 
of oil every 47-8 miles, while the engine 
“ Mars” run 15 1-4 miles. 
On the Syracuse and Rochester division, 
the engine “Thayer” run only 3 3-5 miled 
with one pint of oil, while engine “ No. 51 ” 
run 16 3-4 miles — about five times the dis¬ 
tance. On the Rochester and Buffalo and 
Rochester and Niagara Falls division, the 
engine “ Orleans ” consumed one pint of oil 
for every 3 2-3 miles run, while the engine 
“ AY. AY. Corcoran ” run 26 miles with one 
pint of oil—eight times the distance. We 
have taken the minimum and maximum per¬ 
formance of engines with one pint of oil. AYe 
cannot well understand why the “ AY. AY. 
Corcoran” should run 836 miles, and use only 
32 pints, while the “ Orleans” should run but 
720 miles and use 196 pints. 
Some reliable information relative to the 
causes of such discrepancies in the use of oil 
on different engines, would be of great value 
to the railroad interests of our country. The 
master mechanics can form the beet opinions 
on this subject, because they know the capa¬ 
city and condition of each engine—the track 
on each division beirg the same for ail. The 
plan of keeping separate accounts with the 
engines, relative to repairs, oils and fuel, is a 
good one, and will no doubt result in a great 
saving to all the railroads which pursue the 
system.— Scientific American. 
Cheap and Excellent Candles.— The fol¬ 
lowing recipe I have tried twice, and find it 
nil that it is cracked up to be. I have no 
doubt that it would have been worth more than 
$20 to me if I had known it twenty years ago. 
Most farmers have a surplus of stale fat and 
dirty gresse, which can be made into good can¬ 
dles at a trifling expense. 
I kept both tallow and lard candles through 
the last summer, the lard candles standing the 
heat best, and burniug quite as well, and giv¬ 
ing as good a light as the tallow ones. Di¬ 
rections for making good candles from lard : 
For 12 lbs. of lard, take 1 lb. of saltpetre, 
and 1 lb. of alum ; mix them and pulverize 
them ; dissolve the saltpetre and alum in a gill 
of boiling water ; pour the compound into the 
lard before it is quite all melted ; stir the 
whole until it boils, skim off what rises ; let 
it simmer until the -water is all boiled out, or 
till it ceases to throw off steam ; pour off the 
lard as soon as it is done, and clean the boiler 
while it is hot. If the candles are to be run, 
you may commence immediately; if to be 
dipped, let the lard cool first to a cake, and 
then treat it as you would tallow.— Cor. N. E. 
Farmer. 
Nurserymen and Fruit Growers will re¬ 
member that there will be a meeting of the 
Ohio State Pomological Society, at Columbus, 
during the State Fair. This meeting will be 
held in the City Hall, (over the market.) com¬ 
mencing on Tuesday evening, Sept. 18th, and 
probably occupying the two following eve¬ 
nings. ALembers of the Society and fruitgrow¬ 
ers generally, in Ohio aud other States, are 
invited to participate in the deliberations, aud 
to present specimens of choice fruits, espe¬ 
cially such kinds as have not been fully exam¬ 
ined and discussed at former meetings of the 
Society. Persons unable to attend themselves, 
can send specimens of their fruit by some friend 
going to the Fair, or by Express, to the care 
of M. B. Bateham, at the Cultivator office.— 
Ohio Cult. 
AY heat Meai. Pudding —Fine Flavored .— 
Beat five eggs, add to them four cups sweet 
milk, one of sweet cream, with salt. Into 
thi3 stir a cup full of flour and wheat meal, 
sufficient to make a batter a little thicker than 
for griddle cakes. Boil one and a half hou 
Serve in the same manner. The water should 
be boiling when the puddings are put in, and 
kept so till they are done. It is necessary to 
turn them occasionally, as they will rise to the 
top. 
Blackberry AVine. —The following is said 
to be an excellent recipe for the manufacture 
of a superior wine from blackberries :—Meas¬ 
ure your berries and bruise them ; to every 
gallon add one quart of boiling water ; let the 
mixture stand 24 hours, stirring occasionally; 
then strain off the liquor into a cask ; to every 
gallon adding two pounds of sugar; cork 
tight, and let stand till the following October. 
Rasbberry Vinegar.—To every pint of 
vinegar put three pints of raspberries. Let 
them lie together two or three days; then 
mash up and put them in a bag to strain. To 
every pint, when strained, put a pound of 
crushed sugar. Boil it twenty minutes, and 
skim it. Bottle it when cold.. 
Hitherto the copper mines of Lake Supe¬ 
rior have commanded the chief attention, and 
have been more favorably and widely known 
than the iron deposits in the same region ; but 
I am inclined to think the relative position 
of the two interests will soon be changed ; and 
that at no distant day the iron interest at 
Alarquette alone, will weigh down many 
times the whole copper business of the Upper 
Feninsula. Three material facts concur to 
render this supposition probable, viz :—The 
inexhaustible supply of iron ore, its great 
purity, and the superior quality of iron made 
from it. If these three great elements are in 
fact present, an iron interest must grow up 
here, and that too, within a short period, of 
a magnitude far beyond anything in this coun¬ 
try, and perhaps in the world. 
It is difficult, by any description, to convey 
an adequate idea of the extent of this iron de¬ 
posit. Actual observation is necessary to a 
full appreciation of their wonderful character. 
The Jackson Mountain, or more properly hill, 
is about fourteen miles west from Marquette 
in the midst of a dense forest, which was near- 
inaccessible until a road was cut through and 
broken. This furnishes the most satisfactory 
exhibition of the rock ore, as the mountain 
has been opened and worked, exposing a na¬ 
ked ledge of blue black rock ,—of solid iron 
rock, nearly as rich in its native bed as the 
best pig iron. A little beyond this ledge, 
in the forest, are some two or three black 
boulders of great size, rising three or four feet 
above the surface of the ground. 
About two miles beyond the Jackson Iron 
Mountain, is the Blueland, and about one 
mile west of that is the Lake Superior, at a 
distance of 17 miles from Alarquette. These 
are the principal, although not the only de¬ 
posits of iron ore in the Peninsula. These 
hills are about the same in general appear¬ 
ance, rising about 100 to 120 feet, and are 
parallel ranges, rather than parts of a contin¬ 
uous chain. Along the foot of these hills, 
aud upon their sides, are boulders of rock ore 
detached by some means from the main bed 
while in other places the reck cups out, and 
in others, especially Lake Superior Mountain, 
the ledge is uncovered for several hundred feet 
in succession, literally a ledge of massive 
rock of unknown depth, for no shaft has been 
sunk to ascertain the depth of the deposit, in 
width from 500 to 1,000 feet, and extending 
with frequent outeups on the Lake Superior 
Alouetaia along a distance of three miles.— 
Cor. Rochester American. 
Colt’s Pistol Factory. —For a time past, 
Air. Colt has manufactured his Revolvers in 
the lower part of the city of Hartford, Ccnn., 
and employed some five hundred workmen.— 
The works not being larg; enough for the de¬ 
mand, he has purchased two hundred acres on 
the river, and built a dike, four reds broad 
and three miles in its whole length, which 
completely secures the intervale from being 
overflowed by the river. Within the dike he 
has erected an extensive range of buildirg3, 
the main one being 500 feet long and 60 
wide, four stories high. The wings of the 
main building are 500 feet each and 40 wide, 
giving a frontage to the building of 1,500 
feet. The engine is a massive one of 350 
horse power. The whole builiing is heated 
by steam. The buildiDg for forges is 580 feet 
long.— Cor. Daily Democrat. 
Steam Carriages for Common Roads.— 
Mr. J. K. Fisher, of New York City, some¬ 
time since constructed a steam carriage to be 
used on common roads, which we understood 
at the time was considered quite a successful 
experiment. Latterly, he informs us, he has 
made a decided improvement in the springs, 
thus perfecting what was before considered by 
many a very creditable contrivance for loco¬ 
motion. AYe are not prepared to say that his 
method of transportation will ever become 
general, yet we do not see why it may not to 
a certain extent be used on level hard roads. 
He is sanguine that it will meet with approba¬ 
tion from the public and supersede horse pow¬ 
er.— Inventor. 
Green Peas and roasting ears of corn may 
be had every day in winter. They can be 
preserved by being packed away in salt. The 
salt is removed before cooking by steeping in 
warm water. Beans, also, in same manner. 
The builders of locomotives in Philadel¬ 
phia are busily engaged in making a number 
I specially designed for burning coal. From 
recent experiments made on one of the roads 
running from this city, with one of Baldwin’s 
locomotives, it appears that the expense is 
only about one-half when compared with 
wood burners.— N. Y. Mirror. 
Peat for Railroad Use.— The Boston 
Journal says the AVorcester and Nashua Rail¬ 
road Company have been experimenting on 
the use of peat as a substitute for wood. On 
Friday test a successful trip was mads with a 
passenger car, taking no other fuel except peat 
In Worcester one man has cut upwards of 
twenty-five hundred cords, and all the peat 
meadows in the vicinity of the railroads are 
being purchased at high rates, in antic¬ 
ipation of the success of this experiment.— 
Mr. Thomas Drew, of the AYorcester Spy, is 
said to be one of the largest operators. 
Coprer ore, in the condition in which it is 
taken from the mines proves to be an exceed¬ 
ingly dargt-rcus cargo. A ship recently ar 
rived at Liverpool, from Savannah, Ga., with 
a quantity of ore in cases which had evolved 
so much heat during the passage, that some 
of the cases were found to be completely char¬ 
red, the lids being a mass of eharcoal. The 
cotton, stowed above the ore, was also par¬ 
tially burnt, and when landed was so much 
heated as to make it painful for a man to 
thrust his hand into the bales. Preparatory 
to shipment the ore should be roasted, as by 
that means the sulphur is destroyed and the 
danger is entirely removed.— Inventor. 
