VOLUME VI. NO. 46.} 
Utom’g §kral Sttfc-Jarkr. 
A QUAKTO WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY, & FAMILY JOURNAL. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
A8SOOIATS EDITORS : 
J. H. B1XBY, T. C. PETKKS, EDWARD WEBSTER. 
Special Contributors : 
T E. WaruoKJ, H. C. Whitj, H. T. Brooks, L. Wkheemi. 
Dadios’ Port-Folio by Aztlj. 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical 
Subjects connected with the business of those whoso 
interests it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, 
Horticultural, Scientific, Mechanical. Literary and New 3 
Matter, interspersed with many appropriate and. beautiful 
Engravings, than any other paper published in this 
Country,—rendering it a complete Agricultural, Ltj. 
rary and Family Newspaper. 
For Terms, and other particulars, see News page. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.—SATURDAY. NOVEMBER 17. 1865. 
WHOLE NO, 306, 
PROGRESS A1LD IMPROVEMENT. 
FARMER MAKEDO’S EXCURSION, 
Not many days ago, Farmer Makedo took 
a little excursion away from heme. How he 
happened to start, we cannot tell—he was not 
going to market, for he has nothing to sell 
just now,—nor to mill,—nor to meeting ; but 
he was away from home, and met with sundry 
adventures rather suggestive to himself and 
the whole Makedo family connection. One 
who has the faculty of story-telling, (a facul¬ 
ty not ours, we scarce need say,) could make 
something of this, interesting and instructive. 
The first we saw was an old wagon drawn 
by a white horse and a brown mare,—vener¬ 
able in age, hut not particularly so in appear¬ 
ance,—coming slowly along the mui iy road. 
That wagon had never missed a storm since it 
came into the present owner’s hands, except 
once, when, for three days, it stood out with a 
broken tongue, snug as need be, under a load 
of hay. The driver, who was a presentable 
man enough, was no less a personage than 
Mr. E. Makedo himself. 
Pretty soon the horses, wagon, and driver 
stopped. They stopped all together, for Mr. 
M. here met an old acquaintance he had not 
seen in several years before. This was our 
particular friend, P. Taker, Esq., who carries 
on one of the best managed farms we have 
ever rambled over—one which almost excites 
a covetous thought in our hearts. The two 
friends—who had been schoolmates—had a 
cordial chat together ; a brief, one, however, 
as Farmer T. was on his way to the Railroad 
station, and had only a few minutes to spare. 
He knew his team, and what they could do, 
so when his time was up he left, and his hit 
was such as a methodical, punctual man al¬ 
ways makes. 
They parted, and our hero started—slowly 
to be sure—for it required time “to get up 
the motion,” as they say on the track. Make¬ 
do put in a little more fuel (with the gad.)— 
There was a jump, a crash, and a jolt—the 
horses went on, but the wagon was a fixture. 
Somehow, the long tried axles gave way, fore 
and aft, and there lay the wreck, right in 
sight of the comfortable farm-house of Mr. P. 
Taker, aforementioned. The team turned 
up into the most convenient fence-corner— 
they were not in the mood for running away. 
Makedo was in a quandary. He had not 
began to see what shift he could make do to 
go on with, when Mr. Taker came back, and 
insisted on his stopping for the night with 
him, saying he could put him on his wheels 
again at an early hour. He could not help 
doing so, very well—and was almost glad of 
the accident, it gave him so good a chance to 
renew his acquaintance. 
Farmer T. gave his team into the care of 
his son, while he went himself to extricate 
Makedo from the ruins. They dragged the 
wagon out of the road, and took the horses to 
the stable. And now, having fairly got our 
hero upon the premises of P. Taker, Esq., wo 
will leave story-telling to itself, and only give 
some of his meditations, then and afterwards, 
on what he saw there. 
The yards of the ham and house were neat 
and orderly. They were not lumbered up 
with old logs, broken hoards and ruined im¬ 
plements, with a sprinkling of pigs and geese, 
and all the et cetera*, Makedo saw so plainly 
when he looked at home. “A place for every- 
thing, and everything in its place,” seemed ! 
the rule on Mr. Taker’s premises. 
'■ When he reached the stable, it was a stable, 
and nothing else. You could not mistake it 
for a corner of a barn-floor, nor a hen-rocst 
or a pig pen—it was a convenient and com¬ 
fortable stable—and also a very different place 
from that in which Makedo’s horses usually 
got their provender. It had a tight floor 
under it, and a tight floor over it — it was 
lighted by windows, instead of wide cracks 
and vacancies left by missing hoards. There 
was a place to hang up even Farmer M’s old 
harness, which had seldom found a better 
resting place than the floor, or disputed with 
the _old hen the possession of the fanning 
mill, and had often spent a night acrcss the 
plow in the furrow. 
They went into the barn. It would be a 
long story to tell what they saw there, but 
Makedo looked, and wondered and wondered 
how his friend Taker had ever contrived up 
anything so handy, and where on earth he 
ever raised what it was crammed with from 
basement to ridge-pole. M.’s farm was 25 
acres larger than T.’s, and his old-fashioned, 
7 by 9 barn was not often as full, though he 
used it for stable, corn-house, pig-pen and 
hen-roost, fer each of which purposes Farmer 
T. had separate buildings. Makedo had this 
thought to take home with him. Somehow 
the jolt he got when the wagen came down, ■ 
PENNSYLVANIA BARN 
The above design isilgiven in Allen’s Rural 
Architecture, as partially on the Pennsylvania 
- J O —’ U.U rvii, ' r -- J A- waauoj A t umai 
waked him up—he had his eyes wide open for P* an > anc E it is thougnt, an improvement on 
the novelties which met them. the same. It is calculated for a grain and 
the novelties which met them. ! the same. It is calculated for a grain and 
They locked into the hog-pen, went amon" 8 * oc ^ f arm the “mixed husbandry”* most 
the cattle and sheep, and Farmer M. saw so prcfltable in man ? sections of the country, 
different a sight from that which greet: d his ** ^ aS an( fo r ground stables and a stone-walled 
eyes at hem?, that we have not the heart to basement > sheds on three sidts of the 
say a word about it. yard. The body of tne ham is 60 by 46 feet; 
eyes at hem?, that we have not the heart to basement > Wltn sheds on 
say a word about it. yarn. The body of the ham 
is a passage 8 feet wide, to the yard door, 
through which to throw cut litter. G G, are 
the large doors. A line of movable sleepers, 
or poles, may be laid across the floor, 10* feet 
above it, so as to add to the capacity of the 
ham for storage of hay and grain, and the 
space over the granary, store room, and pas- \ 
sage will of course be used for that purpose. j 
m. j it. , , , , the posts 18 feet high • bove the sides the > 
They passed through the wood-shed. There_™ , ,, tne 
. j , roof spreading and gab! hooded, but the en- 
was a pile of wcod. sawed, split, and seasoned • • f ’ en 
f . , , ’ f . ’ °'- uou, - lCU > graving is incorrect in representing th“ roof 
,T"m f i l? St - »ipped or gambrel faebion. “rhe 
thought of JW. «4 daughters as he look- doors m 14 tee4 hi 8n<1 donbl each , 
ed up on it, and he wondered where they could wi de. A glutted blind winder, is in eaeh < a- 
piek up wood enough with which to get thsir for ventilation, and a door 9 bv 6 feeton 
supper that night. The weather had been the yard side, 
bad—he had put off drawing until there was 
scarce a stick, hut was intending to get some- — mwim. -miiirj igajaM- 
thiDg they could make do another day.— 1 cj 
“How much nicer it is,” thought he, “ to | . § 
have a pile of dry wood to go to. My wife F --| 
deserves one if ever a woman did, lam sure.” G DH A QW G [ 
They went down cellar. Where could 4 
Farmer Taker have raised all the fruit and . . r~“ -““g 
vegetables stored there. That was a wonder c Fa e I 
—the wonder of wonders to Makedo. He ___| 
thought his friend had sold nothing this fall, _ -A 
or barn, granary and cellar could not be so The interior arrangement may be described as 
full. But this was not so—he had sold as follows :— A, main floor 12 feet wide, through 
much as usual and had something over for a tbe centre of the ham. HII, are trap doors, 
rising market. to let hay or straw down to the alleys of the 
They went into the house and sat down._ stables underneath. B, principal bay 16 feet 
Makedo kept up his thinking until after sup- w *^ e ’ runs U P the r0 °I O, bay 16 by 26 
per, and then he broke forth into words. He ^ or » ra ’ n mow > if required. D, gra- 
asked Taker at least a hundred questions nary ’ 13 b Y fee G and 8 feet high- R, 
about his farm, his mode of management his s ^ ora ° e room fo r fanning mill, cutting box, 
crops, his cattle, &c., &c. They talked long &c ’’ same size and height as the granary. F, 
and late, and we hope M. will never forget 1 - - " — 
that conversation. I£ we should tell the sub- cargo of oil, as when he manages to escape 
stance of the information communicated, we the icebergs and pursues the leviathan far 
should repeat much that has already appeared within the Arctic circle. The Polar bear is 
in the columns of the Rural New-Yorker, the fattest of his race ; the seal, the walrus, 
That has told how good crops and animals are and even the birds of those regions have the 
raised—how profitable farms are managed, same peculiarities. These things are men- 
&c., &c., and the very man Mr. Easy Makedo tioned for the purpose of verifying a general 
was talking with so earnestly was no other principle, viz., that abundance of fat is one 
than our good friend Premium Taker, Esq., of the provisions of nature against the rigors 
XD,[U_ 
tz z=y rz 
A U_ 7A ^ 
&c., same size and height as the granary. F, 
cargo of oil, as when he manages to escape 
The underground plan and yard may he ar¬ 
ranged to suit the convenience of the owner, 
the cut here given divides it up into stalls for 
stock, though a root cellar, calf pens, &c., 
might occupy a part of the space. At the 
ends, 11 , are passages for the stock to go into 
their stalls ; and also on the sides, for those 
who attend them. The main passage through 
the entire double line of stalls is 8 feet wide, 
and on each side are double stalls 6i feet wide. 
From the two end stalls the cattle passages 
are five feet wide, the partition-between the 
wall running back in a slant, from five feet 
high at the mangers to the floor, at that dis¬ 
tance from the walls. The mangers, j j, are 
two feet wide, or may be 2 k feet by taking 
six inches from the back passage. The pas° 
sage between the mangers, is three feet wide 
and communicates with the floor above by 
trap doors. y 
In front of these stables, is a line of posts 
the feet of which rest on large flat stones’ 
and support the outer side of the bam, form¬ 
ing a recess of 12 feet in width, under which 
may be placed a line of racks or mangers for 
outside cattle, or the manure may be housed 
under it, which is removed from the stables 
by wheelbarrows The two line of sheds 
may be occupied in this way, or used for shel¬ 
tering carts, &c., or they may be carried high¬ 
er than shown in the plan, so as to furnish 
storage room for hay and other fodder. 
It will be seen that a driving way is built 
up to the barn doors at the ends, as indeed 
there always should he. It is hardly neces¬ 
sary to remark, that this barn is designed to 
stand on a shelving piece of ground, or on a 
slope, which will admit of its cellar stables 
without much excavation of earth ; and in 
such a position it may he economically built. 
Ihe size may be expanded .or contracted to 
suit the requirements of the farm, and the 
cost will depend upon this, the price of ma¬ 
terials, and the convenience of procuring 
stone on or near the farm. 
who knows all about it. 
In the morning Makedo’s wagon was inend- 
of climate. Any farmer who has half an eye 
for observation, has not failed to perceive 
11 1 mo uiuiuui^ iu.-uv.tDU was iueu(l' ---’ *■' *«***v.\* ^ivung 
ed, and he turned the white horse and brown bow mucb more ease and comfort, and 
mare towards home. So, it still remains a bow much less sensibility to cold, a fat 
mystery where he started for—we only know an mial, over a lean one, gets through the 
that when he returned he had a long talk w ^ I1 fo r - Turn them out of shelter while a 
with his hoys, and we expect something will been S a fo is blowing from the north; let them 
grow out of his unfinished excursion. drink at a hole cut in the ice, where the water 
grow out of his unfinished excursion. drink at a hole cut in the ice, where the water 
-—-- is thick with mingled snow, and while the 
. LOOK TO YOUR CATTLE latter shivers in every joint as if siezed with 
._ * ’ an ague fit, the former really seems to enjoy 
It is of great importance to the farmer that i* 1 88 11 recreation, drinks his lill with perfect 
his domestic animals are in good condition at deliberation, and then returns leisurely to his 
the setting in of winter. A goodly quantity stable. 
of fat, “ well laid on,” as the sentence runs It costs a farmer more to keep poor animals 
for flogging a culprit, will carry an animal than it does those in decent flesh. This may 
through a hard winter, when another, equal seem paradoxical, hut it is true notwithsiaud- 
in constitution and in ail other respects ex- ing. We grant that less grain and fodder 
cept the one indicated, would he certain to may he fed in the former case, hut the re¬ 
perish. One of Nature’s own provisions turns will be diminished a hundred fold. Is 
against a frigid climate is an abundance of the prosperous farmer, who does the most 
fat. Fur outside and grease within charac- work and does it best with his teams, the 
terize nearly every class of animals which live man whose horses are mortgaged to the crows, 
in the polar zone. The farther north we go, an( I whose oxen are scaraly decent food for 
even to the limit of animal existence, the <fogs? Is it the money-making dairyman, 
more this pecularity manifests itself; and the whose milch cows are so thin that all the 
whaler is never so successful in laying in a juices of their carcasses would secrete little 
else than a few gallons of water ? Is it the 
owner of lean swine, whose pork when brought 
to the market commands the highest price ? 
We leave each of our readers to answer these 
questions in the light of his own experience. 
The loss of animals by disease and casualty 
is no mean item in the account; and them e 
will be found invariable, that the farmer who 
keeps his stock in best heart by providing 
abundant and wholesome food and warm shel¬ 
ter, will suffer least in this respect. It may 
by some be deemedun worthy of mention, but 
not by those farmers who save their manure 
and apply it carefully to their fields, that the 
excrements of well fed cattle are much more 
valuable than those of ill fed onss. If an 
animal is fed on hoop poles, of course the ma¬ 
nure would be about equal in value to mace¬ 
rated saw-dust. French chemists have de¬ 
monstrated, both by the vegetable results of 
its application and by analysis, that the 
nigivt-soil of a well fed population, into 
whose food meat and the better grains enter 
largely as a component, is vastly more valua¬ 
ble as a manure than that of a people whose 
chief aliment is vegetables and fruit com¬ 
posed in a large part of water and woody 
fibre. The same rule holds good of animals, 
—the richer ami more generous their living, 
the more valuable will be their manure. This 
of course is a small argument compared with 
others in favor of generous feeding, but it 
points in the same direction, and is cumula¬ 
tive evidence in that behalf. 
Now is the time to have an eye especially 
urned to the condition of our animals, as the 
winter is nearly upon us. They will as yet 
pick up muck of their living m the field, but 
partial auxiliary feeding earlier than usually 
resorted to, will be very beneficial. 
GLEANINGS FROM THE TRANSACTIONS. 
The new volume of “ Transactions ” just 
issued by the State Ag. Society, contains 
many matters of general interest, some of 
which we propose to note under the head 
above written. We turn first to the reports 
of ihe various County Associations, seeking 
to glean therefrom something to illustrate the 
Agricultural character and prospects of the 
State. Circulars calculated to call out valua¬ 
ble information on this subject, were issued 
by the State Society, and some of the replies 
received are of much interest. 
Allegany Co.—The Secretary of this Society, 
J. S. Eockaeellow, Esq., furnishes a state¬ 
ment from which we condense the following : 
The chief agricultural product of Allegany 
is oats. Next in importr^iee are hay, wheat, 
coin, buckwheat, potatoes, &e., also butter, 
cheese and wool. All these arc largely pro¬ 
duced, and increased attention is given to 
them, and especially to the wheat crop.— 
Grazing, wool-growing and lumbering now take 
the lead—but as the latter decreases, more care 
and labor is given to the cultivation of the 
soil, and more interest felt in the application 
of science to agriculture. 
Cattaraugus Co .—The most striking thing 
in the report from this Co., is the following : 
Mr. Edward Vail of Otto, raised on the 
