MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
PKIHCIPIES OF PRUNING. 
Experience alone can enable the Horticul¬ 
turist to understand the art and mystery of 
Pruning. “No definite rules can be laid down 
for guidance in many of its details,” says one of 
the initiated; and, indeed, an examination of va¬ 
rious authorities convinces us, that gardeners 
as well as doctors" disagree.” All unite, how¬ 
ever, in considering it a subject of great impor¬ 
tance—one demanding constant and careful 
attention in order to the production of good 
trees and fine fruit. It has of late attracted 
much inquiry and research, and the general 
principles of Pruning bid fair to become in 
some degree established by the general agree¬ 
ment of results arrived at 
A recent writer on this subject,* gives a 
theory of “the conditions upon which a tree 
The Sweet Gcm, (TAquidambcr styraciflua.) 
It is a very rapid grower, and will attain a 
exists, and the modifying influences to which it height of eighty fit, Tind a circumference of 
is subjected ’ by pruning, &c., which seems seven feet, under favorable circumstances, and 
very just and reasonable. lie says the first has a widely spreading, roundish, conical head, 
effort of a seed in germination is to send down ^ he branches have a rigid, though much divari- 
roots, and this “ is immediately followed by cor- ™ de °f ^ owth ’ and are cove f d 
’ , , .. „ . " , that corky-barked appearance, so much sought 
responding upward elongation, forming the a p cr ail( j admired in some varieties of elms, 
stem and leaves. The seed contains within maples and nettle trees. The leaves and fruit 
itself all the elements required for this process; resemble the buttonwood in all except size and 
but as soon as leaves are developed, the plant J me ’ a pd there is, indeed, a sort ot distant rela- 
, . „ . tionship between the two families. The leaves 
changes its source of nourishment, and is now are not one _third the size of the buttonwood, 
dependent upon the soil and air for support.— deeply lobed, star-like, and produced in abun- 
The elementary substances absorbed by the dance, (see annexed figure.) The upper sur- 
roots undergoes decomposition in the leaves, face shines as if varnished; and as the foliage 
, , 6 x , 1 , , moves with the slightest summer breezes, gives 
and the new matter thus prepared, passes down the tree a playful and p i easing character in its 
the stem and roots, extending their formation, succession of light and shade. This is height- 
The roots have no inherent power of extension, ened at the approach of fall by its brilliant 
but are dependent on the claboratory functions ■ ^ ^ 110 corn P cer i n this character. 
„ , , , . • „ „ ■„ , • i 1 lie leaves change to every describable shade 
of the leaves, and their increase will be m an of orangC) yello ^ and red / 
exact ratio to the amount of foliage retained.” 
A beautiful system of reciprocal action has 
been established between the roots and branch- 
es—every check upon the latter exerts a deci- 
ded influence upon the future condition of the Jc\\X 
tree. Their correlative action is such, “ that /' 
by diminishing the extent of foliage a corres- {Wrm 
ponding check is given to the roots. Their / Mi* j v ^ 
jiower of action being circumscribed, there is f \ j/ 
less absorption of watery matter into the sys- 
terns of the plant, and the wood is in conse- f ' a 
quence solidified and well matured, which is 
indispensable to a fruiting condition. This W 
effect is produced by pruning when the plant is 
in full foliation and vigorous growth. If dc- The Horticulturist endorses this tree, re¬ 
ferred until the leaves perform their allotted marking that it is one “that arrests the attention 
functions, a contrary effect is produced. By of even common observers at all seasons,—in 
reducing the branches after the fall of *he summer, its starry, shining, tremulous foliage,— 
leaf, the balance of power is destroyed, and the ' n aulumn > its gorgeous hues—and in winter, its 
roots have the preponderance: new shoots are Peculiarly furrowed bark.’ It is not entirely 
then produced with increased size and vigor.— new ’ ^ iav * n o ^ ecn somewhat in vogue some fif- 
Hencc, it is a well known axiom with success- ^ een y ears a "°- A great recommendation is its 
ful cultivators, that summer pruning weakens, freedom from insects—which it owes to aresin- 
while winter pruning strengthens a plant. The ous principle abundant in it Neither Mr. 
whole art of pruning is comprehended in the ^ EKIIAN ’ 01 ^ r- Tarry have ever seen any in- 
proper application of these principles.” SC( u P on though Loudon says, that sever- 
If these principles are correct, it will readily “* s P cd “ of m0 ‘|“ fc0< ' T" it3 ,eavcs - This 
Hie Horticulturist endorses this tree, re¬ 
, , .7, , ,, , ,. ,. e . was probably observed in its more southern 
be admitted that the operation of pruning wall ^ ^ 
be more correctly performed when they are ' ., 
taken into consideration, than it can be by fol-! „„ lhc (.u/u,dumber ts easily propagated.- 
, . , r .. , , . I he seed can best be gathered before the first 
lowing any definite rules without experience.— f 
m • , severe frost, and may be sown then or early in 
If the tree be young, a healthy, vigorous and 
, , , _. P , . n xr . the spring “ in a loose, loamy soil, somewhat 
extended system of roots is generally the most , ® , . ’ * 
, . ., xj, " , . shaded. Plants will appear m a few weeks in 
important consideration. D oliage must be en-! , . , 11 
, . , , . 7 1 the spring, (sometimes not until the second 
couraged and preserved during the summer, to 
be removed before the earliest commencement 
of the growth of another season. When 
healthy, strong roots are secured by winter 
pruning, then summer pruning to check the 
production of wood, and secure the greater 
elaboration of the sap and thus promote fruit¬ 
age, may be praefised with favorable results. 
spring,) and grow a foot or more the first sea¬ 
son. 
These are its merits—now, what are its de¬ 
fects? It is not adapted to all soils—it grows 
in perfection only in a cool, deep, rich loam.— 
In poor, dry soils, it is of slow growth, and 
short duration, and will not do well in the 
’ ’ ' " confined air of a densely built city. It is not 
The season for winter pruning, or that in the sufficient i y hardy for high northern latitudes, 
intermission of growth, has been decided by 
competent authority, to be that when the se¬ 
vere frosts of winter are over, and immediately 
before the swelling of the buds. If performed 
and here, probably, would fare hardly in the most 
exposed situations. We hope it will be tried 
more thoroughly, and if it succeeds, that it will 
be extensively introduced. We have many nar 
in autumn, or early in winter, in this climate, . n i , . ' ' 
’ J ’ ’ tive trees that would adorn our lawns and walks, 
the ends of the cut shoots dry up, shrivel and , „ , ... , .... 
,. , . , n 1 . , aiKl refresh our spirits and our patriotism,— 
die: losing the buds that are intended to make , ,, , ..... 
. f . ... . . . . ^ amt those as beautiful as any country can 
leading shoots, and having dead points that re- , . T x , ,, ", , , 
. ° , , , a- L ^ -c l)0£U?t * Let us search tnem out, and honor 
quire much labor to prune oil afterward; or if .. , . . , , . 
, , , \ , , , „ . them as tliev deserve, instead of ransacking the 
large branches are cut, leaving a broad, fresh . „ * , „ ,, „ „ , ° 
- 41 ill,/' i ■ “ ends of the earth for those of far less value 
surface—the wood and bark dry up and require 
surface—the wood and bark dry up and require , 
and appropriateness.—n. 
a long time to heal. 11 L 
We sh” 11 refer tolhis subjert^n-giving W0! „, EES 0P Off GARDENS.* 
the best light we can gather on the art and _ 
mystery of Pruning—though, ms remarked at That Queen of Plants, the Victoria regia, 
first, we do not expect to instruct Experience, was first introduced into the civilized world at 
B - Kew, though it first flowered at Chatsworth.— 
•Mr. w.«. Sauxbkrs, of Baltimore, in the Horticulturist, ft swims in state in a moderate sized apartment, 
-- <-kept stifling hot—feeling the closer for the 
NEW SHADE TREE.—THE SWEET GDI. roof being so low—but most plants thrive the 
_ better for the glass being brought near them. 
The Horticulturist for Jan. has an article ft is truly a vegetable wonder, putting forth 
from Mr. Meehan, of Philadelphia, recom- alternately a blossom and a leaf, the latter not 
mending the Sweet Gum, Liquidamber slyra- the less curious of the two, and looking, as it 
cijlua, as a new and valuable shade tree—one begins to emerge, very like a hedgehog swira- 
entirely free from insects. It is eulogized as niing on its back. The leaf attains here its 
having a claim to picturesque and simple beau- curious rim, and also perfects the poney-com- 
ty which no other can eclipse, besides combin- bed air chambers in the under surface, by which 
ing many traits of interest only found separate- its buoyancy is increased, enabling it, with man¬ 
ly in other trees. Mr. M. after speaking of ngcment—that is, by equalizing the pressure— 
the proper places to find the Sweet Gum in its “^Tntmued f l0 m page is, this volume. 
to support as much as one hundred and fifty 
pounds weight. The plant is dormant in win¬ 
ter, unless it is to be forced; and the forcing 
that will make it a nice task for the gardener 
to avoid boiling it. 
The Pontederia crassipcs, is another float¬ 
ing contrivance seen in a corner of the same 
tank, the foot-stalks of whose leaves are swol¬ 
len into bladders. In the Palm-stove one can 
form some idea of a tropical forest; a tiger 
might start out from among the tree-ferns, a 
boa-constrictor be climbing the trunk of the 
cocoa-nut palm, and humming birds dart amidst 
the leaves of the bananas. Every plant has 
its own interesting history—the reviewer glan- 
ces at a few of the most remarkable. 
The Hibiscus—rosa Sinensis, is a tall shrub 
with crimson holly-hock-like flowers—its blos¬ 
soms are used in China to black shoes with! 
The Xylopliilla falcata, that is, the scythe¬ 
shaped wooden-leaf, from the Bahamas, is an 
exaggerated instance of what might be called 
vegetable malformation, which yet works well 
in the long run. It has phylloid bunches, or 
green branches flattened and resembling leaves, 
even more deceptive than those of the New 
Holland Acacias, being inserted horizontally, 
in the usual position of leaves on the stem, in¬ 
stead of vertically. The flowers, and occasion¬ 
ally, though rarely, true leaves, appear in what 
would be the serratures in a true leaf, but 
what in the metamorphosed branch must be 
considered as axilla. Things useful as well 
as passing strange grow in the Palm-stove at 
Kew: The Chocolate-nut Tree, Theobroma 
Cacoa —“ food for the gods’’—puts forth flow¬ 
ers from the thickest part of its woody trunk, 
to be succeeded by nuts in the same situation, 
instead of on the twiggy branches. And the 
Mango Tree, Mangifera Indica, with its 
fruit pendulous at the end of a long stalk, plays 
the most tempting bob-cherry; for though bad 
varieties are no better than tow and turpen¬ 
tine, first rate numbers leave a delicious taste 
in the mouth, which is remembered for years 
and years, like the cream-tarts by which the 
widow of Noureddin Ali recognized the 
neighborhood of her cruelly mystified Bedred- 
den. Each fruit here is secured in a little bag- 
net, to prevent accidents, and to make hereaf¬ 
ter a dainty dish to set before a Queen. 
Among the creepers, is the Aristolochia 
gigas, with flowers shaped like a helmet, and 
so huge that the children in South America, 
according to Humboldt, wear them as hats. 
That deadly plant, the Jatropha wens, was 
formerly found at Kew, but it has either been 
killed off like a mad dog, or starved to death 
in isolation like a leper. Its possession nearly 
cost one valuable life, some twenty-five years 
ago. The present curator was reaching over 
the Jatropha, when its fine bristly stings 
touched his wrist. The first sensation was a 
numbness and swelling of the lips; the action 
of the poison was on the heart, circulation was 
stopped, and he fell unconscious—the last thing 
he remembered being cries of “Run for the 
Doctor.” Either the doctor was skilful, or the 
dose of poison injected was not quite, though 
nearly, enough; but afterwards the man in 
whose house it was, got it shoved up in a cor¬ 
ner and would not come within arm’s length of 
it. He watered the diabolical plant v.’ith a pot 
having an indefinitely long spout; and who 
could blame him, if he watered it not at all, or 
if it disappeared very unaccountably?—ii. 
Plum Pudding without Eggs. —Pour over 
twelve crackers, after they are broken, one 
quart of milk: let it stand over night; strain it 
through a cullender. The next morning, add 
a quarter of a pound of suet, a pound of rai¬ 
sins, half a pound of currants, a little salt, and 
a teacupful of molasses. Boil it three or four 
hours. To be eaten with a rich sauce. 
To Insure Health .for Children. —Give 
them plenty of milk; plenty of flannel; plenty 
of air; and let them have plenty of sleep; and 
they will seldom, if ever, ail anything. That 
is, milk is their best diet; they must be warmly 
clothed; must be much out of doors; and must 
be always allowed to sleep on till they awaken 
of their own accord. 
To give Butter a fine flavor. —To a peck 
of fine salt, add one ounce of crude sal ammo¬ 
niac, and two ounces of salt-pctre, both finely 
powdered, mix them well with the fine salt; 
work your butter until the buttermilk be en¬ 
tirely extracted. Then put it into wooden fir¬ 
kins, salting it with the same mixed salt, until 
it is palatable. 
Mustard Poultice. —Into a gill of boiling 
water stir one tablespoonful of Indian meal, 
spread the paste thus made upon a cloth, and 
spread over the paste one teaspoonful of mus¬ 
tard as it is prepared for the table, instead of 
mustard flour. 
To Clarify Honey. —Melt the best kind 
with water over a water bath, add the white 
of an egg, and boil it to throw up the scum; 
when the scum is removed, the water must be 
evaporated, and the honey brought to Us for¬ 
mer consistence. 
mm 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
Issued from the United States Patent Office, 
For the week ending January 10, 1854. 
David Clark, of Philadelphia, Pa., for improve¬ 
ment in oil cups for steam engines. 
Lucian A. Brown and Jeremiah W. Brown, of 
Hartford, Ct., for improved press for veneering. 
Leonard Campbell, of Columbus, Miss., for 
improvement in cotton gins. 
Dan’l. S. Darling, of Brooklyn, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in preventing dust from entering rail¬ 
road cars. 
D. M. Cummings, of North Enfield, Me., for 
improvement in machinery for mortising frames 
of widow blinds.* 
Charles W. Fillmore, of Coral, Ill., for im¬ 
provement in clamps for holding steel plates 
while being hardened and tempered. 
F. C. Coffin, of New York, for improvement 
in attaching cross-bar fastenings to vault and 
safe doors. 
Benj. D. Gullett, of Aberdeen, Miss., for im¬ 
provement in cotton gins. 
H. Halvorson, of Flartford, Ct., for improve¬ 
ment in machines for pegging boots and shoes. 
Jas. J. Johnston, of Alleghany city, Pa., for 
improvement in heaters for smoothing irons. 
John Johnston, of Alleghany city, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in self-heating smoothing irons. 
Ebenezer A. Lester, of Boston, Ma c «. for im¬ 
provement in machines for squeezing and com¬ 
pressing metallic bodies. 
Harry H. Matteson, of Buffalo, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in flexible cordage. 
Wra. G. Merrell, of Auburn, N. Y., for ma¬ 
chine for cutting ellipses. 
Henry E. Pierce, of Charlemont, Mass., for 
machine for matting the ends of blocks, in ma¬ 
king matches. 
David Pierce, of Woodstock, Vt., for improved 
gold separator. 
J. P. Spofford, of Brackett’s Bridge, N. Y., for 
improvement in saw-gummers. 
Caleb C. Walworth, of Boston, Mass., for im¬ 
proved float-valve for discharging condensed 
water. 
S. D. Wilson, of Reading, Pa., for improve¬ 
ment in valves and valve-seats of steam engines. 
Jno. H. Barth, of Indianapolis, Ind., for im¬ 
provement in bedsteads. 
Harvey Brewer, of East Boston, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in torch lamps. 
Jno. Kedzie, of Rochester, N. Y., for improve¬ 
ment in filters. 
J. W. McGaffey, of Philadelphia, Pa, for im¬ 
proved mortising chisel. 
H. B. Smith, of Lowell, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in mortising machines. 
Jas. Swain, of Philadelphia, Pa, for magnetic 
toy, called the magnetic cupid. 
Thos. L. Jones, of Poughkeepsie. N. Y., assign¬ 
or (through Horace Dresser,) to Jas. B. Jones, of 
New York, for improvement in feathering pad¬ 
dle wheels. 
RF.-ISSUES. 
T. W. Allen, and C. W. Noyes, of Greenbush, 
N. Y., for improvement in stuffing boxes. Pa¬ 
tented Nov. (i, 184h. 
Junius & Alfred Judson, of Rochester, N. Y„ 
assignors to Junius Judson, of same place, for 
improved valves for governors. Patented Nov. 
5, 1850. 
For the week ending January 17, 1S54. 
Perry G. Bates, of Waterbury, Ct., for spiral 
or worm-joint hinge. 
F. Davison, of Liberty, Va., for improvement 
in saliva pumps. 
Jno. Ja«. Greenough, of New York, for im¬ 
provement in machines for pegging boots and 
shoes. 
D. T. Hitchcock, of Warren, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in diaphragm pumps. 
E. C. Hyatt and Christopher Meyer, of Mill- 
town, N. J.. for improvement in the manufacture 
of boot and shoe soles, of gutta percha or India 
rubber. 
Abraham Mclnturff, of Liberty, Ya, for im¬ 
provement in machines tor mincing inert. 
Loriston G. Merrell, of New Bedford, Pa, for 
improvement in frill machines. 
Thos. J. Sloan, of New York, for improve¬ 
ment in apparatus for indicating the action of 
the feed-pump to steam boilers. 
C. W. Stimpson, of Cleveland, Ohio, for im¬ 
proved photographic plate-vises. 
Ira Warren, of Boston, Mass., for improvement 
in tonsil instruments. 
Geo. W. Griswold, of Carbondale, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in amputating apparatus. 
Chas. T P. Ware, of N ew York, assignor to D. 
C. Morehead, of same place, for improvement in 
ckisps. 
Lewis B. White, of Moscow, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in trusses. 
PREMIUMS AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE. 
We have received a pamphlet of 98 pages, 
containing the official awards of premiums at 
the New York Crystal Palace. As it is im¬ 
possible to give the whole, we select the most 
important, or highest awards, in the principal 
classes—giving the names, &c., of those to 
whom Silver Medals 'were awarded. We 
may hereafter give further extracts from the 
reports of the juries: 
Batchelor, J. M., Gulf Hills, Miss., U. S., for Cotton of 
staple and best working quality. 
liodovicli, Von Lang Dels, Silesia, for the finest speci¬ 
men of Wool in German department. 
'Graux, M. Mauchamp, France, for superior specimen of 
combing Wool. 
Hoffman, Anthony, Pine Plains, N. Y., XT. S., for the fi¬ 
nest specimen of Wool in U, S. department. 
Larderel de Count, Tuscan}-, for Boracic acid. 
Pope, John, the Oaks, Tennessee, U. S., for Cotton ofsta- 
ple and best working quality. 
American Linen Thread Company, Mechanicsville, N.Y., 
for superior excellence in fabrication, bleaching and color¬ 
ing thread. 
Edwards, A. D. & Co., Dundee, Scotland, Flax and Tow 
Thread. 
Atkins, Jcarum, Chicago, Illinois, for an exceedingly in¬ 
genious self-raking Reaper, exhibited by J. S. Wright, of 
Chicago, Illinois. The silver medal is awarded for the new 
mechanical principle as here exhibited in its adoptation to 
the Automaton Raker. 
Buggies, Nourse, Mason & Co., Boston and Worcester, 
Massachusetts, for the scientific principles'which have been 
practically perfected by their artist, Samuel x\. Knox, and 
adapted to the series of sod and stubble Plows exhibited by 
thenv. 
Salmon, George B., Elgin, Illinois, for his patent Grain 
and Grass Seed Separator. 
Boiden Gail, Jr., Galveston, Texas, for Meat Biscuit. 
Longwovth, N., Cincinnati, Ohio, for sparkling Isabella 
Wine, very superior quality, made from the Isabella Grape, 
and destined to be of great commercial value to our coun¬ 
try- __ 
Hooker St Brother, New York, for Flour of extraordina¬ 
ry fine quality, and of superior manufacture. 
Welch, J. S., Shenandoah Mills, Clark Co., Va., (L. Rob¬ 
erts & Co., agents, N. Y.,) a very superior quality of Fam¬ 
ily and Market Flour, specially adapted for general use. 
MouSsard, Alexis, Paris, France, for a very beautiful and 
elaborately finished carriage for Gala days, exhibiting much 
skill and taste in all its appointments. 
Colt, Samuel, Hartford, Conn., for various binds of Re¬ 
volving Fire Arms. The wide-spread reputation and ex¬ 
tended use of these arms, entitle the inventor, in the opin¬ 
ion of the jury, to the highest distinction which they can 
award. The arms presented at the exhibition are of supe¬ 
rior workmanship and finish. 
Delano, CJ. S. Naval Constructor, for a model of a War 
Steamer. This model is highly approved as combining all 
the elements necessary for a vessel of that class, viz : buoy¬ 
ancy, stability, speed, with ample room for stores, crew, &c. 
Lawton, Captain, lor a temporary Rudder, of much ap¬ 
proved construction. 
Steere, George, for model of Yacht “America.” This 
model is superior to all the othevs presented. 
Cham ere, Jr., Paris, France, for a case of highly finished 
and ingenious Surgical Instruments. 
House, —, exhibited by J. B. Richards, N. York, U. 3., 
for House's Telegraph. 
I.u r, Amatos, Paris, France, for Surgical Instruments, 
original and highly finished. 
Morse, Prof. S. F. B. exhibited by W. M. Swain, U. 3., 
for Morse's Telegraph. 
Palmer, Frank B., Philadelphia, U. S., for best Artificial 
Leg. 
Spencer, Chas. A., U. S. for Microscope and improved 
Object Glass. 
Whipple, John A., Boston, Mass., U. S., for Crystallotype, 
a new art, 
Troft, Stanley G., New London, Conu., U. S., for Ab¬ 
bott's Horometer. 
Newport Silk Factory, Kentucky, for perfection and gen¬ 
eral excellence in the manufacture of Silk of native pro¬ 
duction, from tile cocoon. 
French Government Manufactory of Gobelins and Beau¬ 
vais Tapestry of Paris, for originality and great beauty of 
their specimens. 
Rogers, W. G., London, Great Britain, for superb speci¬ 
mens of carving in wood. 
Smith, A. J., West Farms, N. Y., U. S., for novelty of 
invention, elegance of design and color, economy of ma¬ 
terial, Ac., in two-ply ingrain tapestry carpets. 
_ Smith, Dr. William, Philadelphia, CT. S., for the applica¬ 
tion to useful purposes of the refuse slags of the Iron Re¬ 
ducing Furnace. 
Shirt Sewers’ Union, as a mark of special honor and ex¬ 
pression of warn sympathy in their struggles for success. 
Van Skellin, F., 389 Broadway, New York City, for the 
invention of various Dyes exhibited in Artificial Flowers, 
by which materials, the leaves and petals receive tints of 
the natural (lowers they represent. 
, Cornelius, Baker & Co., Philadelphia, for the great vari¬ 
ety and best display of Gas Chandeliers, &c. 
Day & Newel, 589 Broadway, New York, for the origi¬ 
nality, safety and durability of the Parautoptic Bank Lock. 
Japy, Brothers & Lalauce, Mance, France, for the supe.- 
rior quality and beauty of finish of their enamelled and 
tinned \\ rought Iron W are, and new and peculiar process 
of manufacturing. 
Meneeley, A. & Sons, West Troy, New York, for a Peal 
of Bells, also Factory and Steamboat Bells. 
New England Screw Company, Providence, Rhode Island, 
for improvement in manufacturing Gimlet and Pattern 
Screws, superiority of finish, and excellence of workman¬ 
ship. 
Sherwood & Fitzgerald, Gold street, New York, for un¬ 
qualified excellence of the “Invulnerable Reservoir Safe” 
as proof against fire, with more than ordinary token of 
special approbation. 
Simmox, Pemberton k Sons, Birmingham, England, A. 
Fidder, Plait, street. New York, agent, for the best display 
and great variety of brass Cabinet goods, comprising Cur¬ 
tain Bands, Hinges, Bell Pulls, Door Springs, &c. 
The Collins Company, Hartford, Connecticut, for gene¬ 
ral excellence and superiority of finish in the manufacture 
of Axes, Adzes, Cleavers, and other heavy edge toois. 
The Steele and Johnson Manufacturing Company, Wa- 
terbury, Connecticut, for the great variety and best display 
of Metal Buttons. 
The Society of La Vielle Montagne, Rue Richer, Paris 
for tne various Fancy Groups and articles in Zinc, Zinc 
Statuettes, &c. 
Goodyear, Charles, New Haven, Connecticut, for speci¬ 
mens of India Rubber Fabrics. 
The North American Gutta Percha Company, 80 Cedar 
street, New A ork, for Gutta Percha Goods manufactured 
under Rider’s Patent. 
Brooklyn Flint Glass Company, Brpoklvn, N. Y„ for 
their discovery in compounding materials for making 
Glass, by which a superior brilliancy of color is produced! 
and for their beautiful display of rich cut Flint Glass. 
Brooklyn Flint Glass Company, Brooklyn, New York, 
for their discovery in making Pressed Glass, Dioptric Lens¬ 
es, and Signal Lamp Glassesfor Railways, Ships and Steam¬ 
ers. 
Cartridge, Charles & Co., Green Point, New York, origi¬ 
nality in the manufacture of Porcelain Door Knobs and 
Door Plates. 
Herbert, Minton & Co., Stoke-upon-Trent, Staffordshire, 
England, for Patent Encaustic Tiles, an original and beau¬ 
tiful article. 
Baker, Godwin & Co., New York city, for Fancy Job 
Printing, and Press Work with honorable mention. 
Brown, Delwin F., Brooklyn, N. Y-, for best specimens 
of Off-hand Commercial and Ornamental Penmanship and 
Pen-drawing, with special approbation for unequalled skill 
in his art. 
Bagley, A. G. & Co., New York city, for best Gold Pens 
and Pencil Cases. 
De La Rue, Thomas & Co., London, for excellent Paper, 
and commendation for variety and excellence in all parts 
of the manufacture. 
Mathews, Wm., New York city, for excellence in Book¬ 
binding, with special approbation. 
Curtis, Jas. D., New York, for the manufacture of Iron 
and Steel of excellent quality from “ Franklimte.” 
Ziervogel, W., Director of the German Pennsylvania Coal 
Co., Treskow, Pa., for collection of ores, half metal, powder, 
pure metal, &c., illustrating a process for separating silver 
from copper. 
Water Gas. —The water gas discovery 
would appear to be genuine, though I fear it 
will be an illusion, like that of Mr. Paine, in 
America. The inventor has proved his ability 
in Paris, to extract a thousand cubic quarts of 
hydrogen from twelve quarts of water. The 
hydrogen needs purifying, but the cost is little 
or nothing. The machine by which the opera¬ 
tion is effected is an electro-magnetic battery. 
Sea water is preferable to fresh water. A gas 
company in this city is in treaty with the in¬ 
ventor for the privilege of lighting the capital; 
and a southern company of capitalists has 
made overtures for the application of the in¬ 
vention upon the Mediterranean as fuel upon 
ten screw steamers. There is uo doubt about 
the facts as I have given them; but whether 
the inventor, the speculators and the capital¬ 
ists are not the victims of a delusion, is an¬ 
other matter.— London Cor. Cojju Jldv. 
Former for Boot Leather. —John Chill- 
cott and Robert Snell, of Brooklyn, N. Y., 
have invented an instrument which they de¬ 
nominate a former, which is intended to be 
used as a stick, or mould, or block, on which 
to fold‘a piece of leather of suitable size to 
form the whole upper of a boot in such a man¬ 
ner as to avoid the usual process of crimping. 
It constitutes a variable mould or block which 
can be adjusted and varied in its size and pro¬ 
portions. so that the whole of the uppers of 
various sizes may be formed by simply lapping 
the leather around it, and securing the neces¬ 
sary parts together. It somewhat resembles 
some of the implements used for crimping, but 
while they stretch the leather, this simply pres¬ 
ses into shape. The inventors have aoplied 
for a patent —Scientific American. 
A steamship nearly one-eighth of a mile long 
is building at Liverpool. She is to have side 
wheels and a propeller.. 
