Itau’s Sunil gUto-gmitir. 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary, and Family Newspaper. 
CONDUCTED BY D. L. T. MOORE, ela 
ASSISTED BY . , _ 
JOSEPH HARRIS, in the Practical Departments: J _ 
EDWARD WEBSTER, in the Literary and News Dep'ts. Soi 
Corresponding Editors: 
J. H. Bixby,—H. C. White,—T. E. Wetmore. wo 
much less than the quantity required in Great time, because of their great tendency to pro- In this country the parsnip has been but lit- He also found it to contain a larger percent- 
Britain. Two considerations may aid us, to duce hoven, of which, if an attack were to tie experimented upon. Those who have made ag^ of starch and dextrine, than the bee., car- 
some extent, in explaining this result. The overtake a cow far advanced in calf, it would trial of them, so far as our information extends, rot, or turnip; but less sugar and albuminous 
climate of this country, for’the production and either kill the calf in the womb, or cause the have been well pleased with their experiments, matter. In nitrogen it is less rich than the 
elaboration of wheat,*is far superior to that of cow 'to slip it They will yield quite as much to the acre as beet or carrot t. e. w. 
Great Britain. And the unaided yield of the Slipping the calf or -slinking is not uncommon, the carrot, whilst there is no necessity of re- ~ * 
fir o ° __:_ ii_ e __ Dion iTcanrrTi firmrT?n 
soil in the three States above referred to, is and is attended, not merely with the loss of the m0V, “S tbera from tlie fuste j* 1 au 
much less than in Europe. British farmers ca lf, but with great injury and danger to the wante<1 for use > as frost actin ° u P on thein in 
would think it a poor soil that would not pro- CO w. The cause of this troublesome com- the ground rather improves their quality.. 'or 
ALSYRE CLOVER. 
Tire Rural New-Yorker is designed to be nnique and . . . . _ 4 „ 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity guailO; and then 0 vjt C in US1I1-, b a ( i. 
aiid Va.iety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor get 30 or 40 bushels per acre. In Maryland 
would think it a poor soil that would not pro- CO w. The cause of this troublesome com- 
duce 15 bushels of wheat per acre without pi a jnt is to be ascribed to violent exercise, 
j guano; and their object in using guano is to fright and knocks, or other ill treatment.— 
Skellet savs:■ 
trmihlpRorne com- the ground rather improves their quality. Fori We condense from the Farmer's Compan- 
cribed to violent exercise cows the y are claimed to be superior to l0n an aiticle C 0 P ie(1 irom tte Lontlon Gar ~ 
0 other ill reatmeot- other roots, whilst for hogs they certainly arc. d«*r>. Chronicle, on this forage plant-from 
Imo e corammi cense of “ Prom a dozen to twenty-five pounds of .the it would seem to be a valuable one.- 
LZeou, smell • the wot. given to a cow at milking time, will have We understand seeds of ,t nave boon distilbut- 
„ • a verv ,p,]. a surprising effect upon the cream, and produce e( | l rom ^ !e Patent Office. I i it lias bad a fair 
t t ] t ] tb , E Jjjg fine yellow butter, which will keep admirably tna l the results should be laid before the fnnr- 
l 1 from this circum- if properly prepared and salted, preserving an ing publie, that we may know what t. promises 
anicated to a great number excellent and superior flavor. ’ “ It will fatten m this count!y. • 
it has been often known to oxen‘and pigs, (or poultry, if boiled,) in an ex’ lt 13 a natlve of vA ' ec!(n ’ ^ ere Lac be " n 
actions disease and o-reat traordinary manner,” and we are . told, add a cultivated in the pastures of that country, for 
tiered bv cow feedersYrom superior flavor to the beef or pork. Daniel L. the last hundred years. Ihe great Lixn/ei.s 
ji s reason t h e cow dairies Baker, in the N. Y. State Agricultural Socie- discovered it growing on poor, bare, ob ura e 
Hated and kept scrupulous- ty’s Transactions for 1851, says of the parsnip, «bj»<■> *6 More* where no other plantcould 
w I ZLal that he has found is -from practical experi- be made to vegetate and yet ,t grew nxu- 
killing hogs, bleeding horses, ence, to be the beet root chop for stall feeding nantly-y, elding tender and succulent shoo to 
i mortal antipathy to blood, the milch cow, during the winter months.— in great abundance. Sturm found i m Ho 
productive of slinking as Best, not .only from having grown more (by aafl experimented with it in conncc ion 
__ 4 -:actual measurement.! ner acre, than of beets with other clovers.* I.e pronounced nsupenor 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav- mers use guano in the hope of getting 15 or 20 slinking of one cow is apt, from this circum- H properly prepared and salted, preset ving an 
bushels. They leave off where the English stance, to be communicated to a great number excellent^and superior toon’ ;;lt wifi tatei. 
Family Newspaper. farmer commences. And we believe they 0 f the same herd : it has been often known to oxen aud P’o 3 ’ v 01 P dultl * y > b ° - ) n 1 ex 
O'" for Terms, &o., see last page. usually find that above 20 bushels per acre spread like an infectious disease, and great traordinary manner, and we are toh, add a 
|p e y get much less increase from the applica- losses have been suffered by cow feeders from superior flavor to the beef or poik. Daniel L. 
0/) > V OAY i IjV ( tion of 100 lbs. of guano than they do below the same.” For this reason the cow stable 3 Baker, in the N. State Agricultural Socie- 
ill Yl 1 1 ID ~ hJ 01 H t i ♦ 20 bushels per acre. ‘ should be well ventilated, and kept scrupulous- tys Transactions lor 1851, says of the parsnip, 
^ tl/D _ It is not impossible that the increase of wheat ly clean at this season. Especially should cau- that he has found it “irom piactical experi- 
Pro?ress and Improvement. up to 10 or 15 bushels per acre wowing to the tion be exercised in killing hogs, bleeJirg horses, ence, to be the best root crop for stall feeding 
— phosphoric acid of the guano, and that above . for cows have a mortal antiu’athy to blood, the niilch cow, during the winter months. 
PERUVIAN GUANO.—NO. I. * * .. 
" , „ , guano. That is to say, the soil and rain water 
Sown yearn ago the marvelous effects ol a , ammonia for I0 or 15 bffihc ] s per 
few hundred pounds of Peruvian Guano, when ^ ^ ^ be deMent iu ho ll0 _ 
annlied to certain crops, was surrounded by . , ... . .. , . 
11 j r ic acid, and without it no wheat can grow.— 
much mvstery to the scientific as well as to the ,, , 
. ‘ „ “ , p Now, 100 lbs. of Peruvian guano would supply 
practical farmer; and even now many iarmers . . ., , , , r . „ . 
F J ... available phosphoric acid for at least 5 busu- 
lind it hard to comprehend how one pound ol u wnnlrl not. 
20 bushels per acre. ‘ should be well ventilated, and kept scrupulous- *y s 1 ransactions for 1851, says of the parsnip, 
It is not impossible that the increase of wheat ly clean at this season. Especially should cau- that he has found it “aom piactical c.vperi- 
up to 10 or 15 bushels per acre i 3 owing to the tion be exercised in killing hogs, bleeding horses, ence, to be the best root chop foi stall feeding 
phosphoric acid of the guano, and that above &c., for cows have a mortal antipathy to blood, ike milch cow, during the winter months, 
this it is dependent upon the ammonia of the an d nothing is so productive of slinking as Best, not ,onlv from having grown more (by 
carelessness in these particulars. 
It is hardly necessary to remind cur readers 
that it is absolutely necessary at all times to 
be good natured and kind to cows. Especially 
should this be remembered at this season.— 
Never suffer yourself to fall into a passion with 
actual measurement,) per acre, than of beets witn otner movers.. no prououncouiisupcuur 
and carrots, but from the well known fact of others. It has fibrous loot* and globu- 
its containing much more saccharine matter ^ ar heads, and in its native soil, sometimes at- 
than the various roots usually grown for the tains a height of fb e feet, though in England, 
purpose of stall feeding the milch cows.” does not exceed tvo feet. It appeals to be 
. ,. . c» tt n • a giant white clover, with flesh-colored bloe- 
Accordmg to feir Humphrey Davy, there is & , , . nr.. 
, so ms, producing two mowings annually, it 
three times more mucilage in the parsnip than * , lj , . , 
p-uano should Drove as beneficial to their crops els of wheat - whereas ifc would not su ^ UI1> a perverse coV. It will do no good, and much' three times more mucilage in the parsnip than 
g ‘ K .. . j ,, monia for more than three bushels. If this ;];f Kindness and gentleness to all aui- in the carrot, which may be one reason for its 
as forty pounds ot farm yard manure. But , w . (Wn .,., u w ill at once reconcile ‘ , Y t * Y ^ . x , nnftr : nr rxiPnfn, andhnt.vrac.Rons nnaJities. 
thereFm'e^illv'uo mvsterv or uncertainty involv- ! ex P^ ana tI° n correct, it will at once reconcile mals is politic, — but with milch cows it is ab- ^perior fattening and butyraceous qualities. 
. ^ the apparent discrepancy iu the observation of , , . i We would not urge our readera to cultivate 
ed in this subject, t e et ect is attn uta e 0 a f armera j n the two heml-pheres. But by the . 0 , , _ this root to the exclusion of others, but we 
definite and well-understood cause. It is not 
our intention at tliis time, to explain the cause, 
but rather to inquire into the effect of guano, 
and endeavor to throw some little light on that 
practically most, important question—Will it 
pay to use it ? 
For wheat, on all soils naturally adapted to 
nary cases an exceedingly beneficial manure.- anolher explanation . 
Below 35 bushels of wheat per acre, we have _ 
never seen Peruvian guano judiciously used ()£ COWS I 
without an increase of wheat There is no 
good wheat soil, such as that of Western New A little considers 
growth and plowing in of a crop of peas, these p would urge them to test its value and profits, 
same lands are made to yield a good crop of ‘ ’ cautiously at first, as they choose, till they have 
| wheat Now, these peas supply no phosphoric This plant shows the marked change that attained satisfactory results. We feel quite 
! acid, but sfmply ammonia which they have ob- ITia y wrought in plants by cultivation. In certain it can be made a very valuable auxili- 
dfifom *.'e atmosphere, Tt would follow its natural state it is small in .<>.'• wd what-is ary in the feeding and fattening of various 
from this, therefore, that the sterility ot the worse, hard, acrid and even poisonous; but un- hinds of stock, equaling, ii it does not excel, 
. . . .. ,. soil is owing to a lack of ammonia and not ol der the fostering care of cultivation it has come the carrot and other roots, 
the crop, I 0 TUUan YL.Y U YVYY!,,L r< * phosphoric acid. We must look, then, for to be one of the most nutritious and palatable D r . J. H. Salisbury has given an analyses 
another explanation. roots of the garden, llio amount of saccha- 0 f the parsnip in t-he Transactions of the N. 
„„ „„ „.,™„ rine matter co “ tabs ' rent!er3 il P® cu l' al 'l v Y. State Ag. Society for 1S50. From this we 
CARE OF COWS PREVIOUS TO CALVING. 
A little eonsidera't ion will convince anyone 
roots of the garden, llio amount of saccha- 0 f t} ie parsnip in t-he Transactions of the N. 
rine matter it contains, renders it peculiarly y g tate Ag. Society for 1850. F rom this we 
acceptable to either man or beast, and it may j earnj the parsnip root has a greater proportion 
well be woudered why it has not come more 0 f water than the potato, and less than the tur- 
comes forward earlier, and ripens its seed soon¬ 
er; so there is not so much loss in gathering 
the crop. It seems to be a perpetual clover, 
for when once established it will ropain in full 
vigor, a great many years—is hardy, and will 
bear transplanting with perfect efLe. It is un¬ 
injured by frosts, and will fiouigsli on land so 
barren that other grasses will scarcely grow,— 
produces a heavy crop of seed and au abund¬ 
ance of herbage, relished by oxen, horses, and 
sheep. From 10 to 15 pounds of seed is suf¬ 
ficient to lay down an acre. t. e. w. 
rural topography, 
FROM THE RAILROAD CAR —BY S. W. 
York, which yields without manure, 15 bush- that milch cows are kept iu a more artificial int0 cultivation as a field crop. nip, beet or carrot,—eighteen and a half per 
els of wheat per acre, but may be made to condition than any other of our domestic ani- In the Isle ot Jersey it is raised to a large cent, being dry matter. Of the tops, eleven per g yen 0Q a ra jp V ay, w: 
produce 35 bushels, by the use of Peruvian mala We force them in many cases to give extent, and is found to be profitable as food cent, is dry matter. 7,813 pounds of the tresh a p paren t or p- ai 
guano. We have not sufficient data to enable milk ten months of the year. Whereas, all for store or fattening stock tue yield going as roots contain 100 lbs. of inorganic matter, or ^ ie p 00rea t farm here, 
ns to speak so definitely in regard totheappli- that other auimals, — sheep, swine, horses, Ac., high as twenty-seven tons to tlie acie. ihe ash, and 5,682 lbs. of the fresh reps yield a ^ ^ eag ^ 
cation of guano to Indian corn; but we have are required to do in this respect is to afford leaves are found to be aFo an excellent feeu like number ot pounds of ash. Of what this when the surfae 
no doubt that up to 100 bushels per acre, Pe- sustenance for their young. It would seem, for niilch cows, but it is necessary to use eau- inorganic matter is composed, may be seen by j 3eco , neg heaw from 
ruvian eruano would, on most cultivated soils, therefore, that while in all animals the latter tion in feeding them, as it is found that it eaien the following tabic from Dr. S. s analyses: mnn! j ' f.. rn , A 
no doubt that up to 100 bushels per acre, Pe- sustenance for their young. It would seem, 
ruvian guano would, on most cultivated soils, therefore, that while in all animals the latter 
increase the crop in the proportion in which it period of gestation and parturition are attend- by the cows when wet with uew or rain, au in- 
was used. So of timothy 7 , and other cereal ed with more or less diuiger; in the case of the Summation of the udder is apt to be immeed. 
grasses, if properly applied, guano cannot fail milch cow, the danger is considerably height- I rom an ar 
to increase their growth. Barley, oats, and ened, sufficiently so, at least, to warrant the Couteur, ot 
potatoes, too, are greatly iucreased iu product- greatest care and attention. that m 
iveness by Peruvian guano. In fact, guano Cows should be dried at least two months the Rural. 
is almost as universally beneficial as barn yard previous to calving. For, however well they Parsnips 
manure. The only question for us to setttle is, may be kept, it is impossible for them to sue- provided it 
to what crops should it be applied so as to cor the calf aud give milk without overtaxing rich. They 
yield the most profit. nature, and producing great weakness, excite- but the root 
From an article on this subject by Colonel Le 
Couteur, of the Isle of Jersey, we gather some 
’ X ., , , f, f-i , [Concluded from page 70.] 
svater than the potato, and less than the tur- , , „ . .. 
, , : . N o man who has an eye for agriculture, can 
, beet or carrot,— eighteen and a half per „ x b . • . e v i 
’ . , Ac,, , . r passover the western district of New York, 
it. being dry matter. Of the tops, eleven per 1 .., . ,, ,. 
• , rov. jo., , even on a railway, without reflecting on the 
it. 13 dry matter. /,813 pounds of the tresh , , , 
* . o. . .. great apparent organic discrepance between 
its contain 100 lbs. of inorganic matter, or ° 11 ° , . , 
o il. -ii the poorest farm here, and that of the majority 
i, and 5.682 lbs. of the fresh tops yield a / . ,. , . F . e , . 
’ , . c L nr ii. 4.1 • of farms m the eastern part of this State.— 
s number of pounds ot ash. Ui what this r _ , , 7 c . ■, j 
\ _ Here, when the surface soil is worn down and 
,rg«rac matte.^ composed may be *eu by from the ,« „f it3 veg^t- 
i following table (rom Dr. S., analyses: ^ ^ ^ fanaer ha3 on)jr t<) draiu prop . 
100 tbs. ash 100 tty?, ash . , , ^ 
of roots of tops. erly, snd plow ii littl© deeper to ^rovv ciops 
rbonic acid.21.85 ibs. 23.51 lbs. larger than before; every amendment added to 
icic acid. 0.45 “ 0.92 « the soil, in the shape of animal manure, is re- 
losphoric acid,.15.10 « 4.31 “ tained by its chemical affinity with the calca- 
iosphate of iron,.0.65“ 1.43“ r eous principle in the soil, to be given up slowly 
me ’ .. 3 35 “ 132 “ both to the incumbent and future crops. On 
. “ the other hand, on the quartzose hilly lands, at 
Yf 1 '-;. afi q 0 5 ^', “ the east, no cereal crop aud very little hay can 
. Qg 0 „ 313 „ be relied on, without the yearly application of 
1 Auric acid 8 95 “ 3 92 « azotized manures; and so little is the chemical 
- - affinity between the components of the hungry 
99.20 98.80 so y | ^rl the anwnonia of the manure, that very 
The doctor adds, that the 100 pounds of in- little of this indispensable compound is retained 
yield the most profit. nature, and producing great weakness, excite- but the root is short, forming a shoulder and ^hi°nne,... - - - -. g - g . (< 39>2 h azotized manures; and so little is the chemical 
To answer this question fully, requires more ment and disorder iii the milk secreting organa forking off into several prongs. In such soil the P unc . “ . affinity between the components of the hungry 
data than we at present possess. But as wheat Except iu a few instances, there is no need of crop is not as profitable as in a well manured 99.20 98.80 goil) ^ the ammonia of the manure, that very 
is our most important crop, and as we know calling attention to this point, for the cows, we and deep soil, where the root grows to a good qu ac doctor adds, that the 100 pounds of in- little of this indispensable compound is retained 
more about this than any other, it will be well are sorry to say, are not sufficiently supplied size, and tapers gradually down. An old grass organ j c lua tter removed in the roots, may be ; a } t f or a 9e cond crop. 
to examine its effects on wheat first British far- with nutritious food to enable them to give or clover lea is preferred, which is well turned returnc d to the soil by the addition of 100 lbs. Dr. Underhill tells us that to make his Cro¬ 
mers have found that if their soil produces 20 milk at all in the winter. But w 7 e have known the previous Autumn. In the spring the qp of common salt and 15 lbs. plas- t on f arm something more than a loose imprac- 
bushela of wheat per acre without manure, an several valuable cows lost from high feeding aud ground is thoroughly worked over, and a fiber- ter _ And the 100 lbs. removed iu the tops, tieable sand, he had to carry up from his 
application of 3 cwt, or 336 lbs. of good Be- from a desire to obtain milk as long as possible, al coating of manure well worked iu. In gen- may be retm -ned by 60 tbs. ashes, 90 lbs. com- 9Wam ps and low grounds 25.000 loads of muck, 
ruvian guano will increase the yield to 30 bush- Cows that are not milked can be kept in eral, the method of cultivation is similar to that in0 Q salt, and 10 Iba plaster—and the neces- &c., to the hill 3 from whence it w r as washed; 
els per acre. That is to say, 3 cwt of guano fair condition through the winter upon good for the carrot The ground is usually cast into sary or <ranie matter furnished by from three to j ie a ] so tells; us that he had no farm until after 
gives 10 bushels of wheat This is the opin- straw and corn stalks. But towards spring, light ridges, eighteen or twenty inches apart, g ve t<)nd 0 f cow or horse manure. As a gen- this herculean labor aud immense outlay of 
ion of practical farmers, who have used guano say six weeks before calving, they should have and the seed planted or drilled in the latter era i ru i e> a ton of common barn-yard manure, ca p;tal was expended; and that before this 
for many years in different parts of the country, a little hay or shorts. When fed on a bulky part of May or early in June. Probably with or its equivalent, should be added to the soil for actual construction of a true soil, he could gain 
gives 10 bushels of wheat. This is the opin- straw and corn stains. ±>ut towards spring, light ridges, eighteen or twenty inches apart, g ye t<)nd 0 f cow or horse manure. As a gen- this herculean labor aud immense outlay of 
ion of practical farmers, who have used guano say six weeks before calving, they should have and the seed planted or drilled in the latter era [ ru [ e> a ton of common barn-yard manure, capital was expended; and that before this 
for many years in different parts of the country, a little hay or shorts. When fed on a bulky part of May or early in June. Probably with or its equivalent, should be added to the soil for actual construction of a true soil, he could gain 
It accords exactly with tlie results of Mr. and comparatively innutritious food, such as us, as early as the ground could be worked, every tou of roots removed. This furnishes nothing by the application of concentrated ma- 
Lawks series of experiments on wheat for the straw or stalks, there is danger of costiveness, would be better. The plants should be kept sa ffi c j en t organic matter to supply the demands nitres. We are also told, that Prof. Marks 
last teu years, made not with Peruvian guano, and more or less inflammation. A more conceit- clean from weeds and the ground frequently ^ plaat) anc j to j-^p the soil warm, loose, found his little farm of fifty acres, in New Jei> 
but with the valuable constituent of guano, as trated food would prevent this complaint We stirred, especially in the younger state of the go j uble and retentive. Besides this, it supplies sev, almost a rock, on which he carried 5,000 
found in sulphate of ammonia, &c. We may know of nothing better than three or four lbs. plants. As they attain towards maturity, their & gufficient am0U nt of the inorganic bodies, i oa 0 s 0 f muck, drawn by a pair of oxen that 
take it for granted, therefore, that 33 lbs. of of oil-cake meal per day. Not only is it high- broader leaves more perfectly shade the ground for {he laat| except phosphoric acid, we i g hed 5,000 pounds, up a hill from a swamp 
good Peruvian guano will produce a bushel of ly nutritious, but it is slightly aperient, and and smother any weeds that might be disposed otagb imd soda. The deficiency of these can ‘> 0 (Tfeet lower. These astoundiug efforts to 
wheat in the climate of Great Britain. therefore just suited to the case. Mangel to dispute territory than the carrot, and hence ^ ^ u adhes? plaBter aud turn waste places of the earth into blooin- 
In Delaware, Maryland and Virginia, Peru- wurzels, too, are aperient; much more so than there is not as much need of care in the latter ‘ analyses. Dr Saus- inc fields, is most creditable to the man, and to 
vion guano has been used to a considerable ex- ruta bagas or potatoes, but we do not know pai -t 0 f the Beason. The plants should be A ie u Y * ^ ^ s ' ’ - " ’ the improvements of the age. But how thank- 
tent as a manure for wheat By a careful how they compare in this respect with beets or eventually thinned to a distance of six to nine BUKY ^. L ' un< m K ’ r °° 1 ful should be the farmer of Western New York 
comparison of all the reports of experiments parsnips. Every dairyman, and in fact every inches in the drills. The seed used, should be . .42J222 that liis lot is cast on a soil in which nature 
at command, it would appear that an applica- farmer who keeps a cow, should have a few f res h and of the last year’s growth, as it loses .44.407 ‘ has lavished all her organic treasures; which 
tion of 100 lbs. of Peruvian guano, gives an roots at least, to feed out in the spring of the ^s vitality after one year’s age, and is utterly Hydrogen . 6.850 are only to be husbanded aright to be made 
extra yield of 4 bushels. Or 25 lbs. of guano year. Nothing can pay better. Stevens eu- worthless, however carefully it may have been ' • forever available for the support of tlie animal 
produce ono bushel of wheat This is very tirely objects to giviug potatoes to cows at any kept 
bury found in tlie root of 
Nitrogen,.. 0.943 
Carbon,... 42522 
Oxygen,..44.407 
Hydrogen. 6.850 
94422 
