VOLUME V. NO. 17. 
ROCHESTER, N. ¥.- SATURDAY, APRIL 29, 1854. 
I WHOLE NO. 
gtoro’s $#ral gtefti-gorhit: 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary, and Family Newspaper, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
ASSISTED BY 
JOSEPH HARRIS, in the Practical Departments: 
EDWARD WEBSTER, in the Literary and News Dep’ta. 
Corresponding Editors: 
J. H. Bixby,— H. C. White—T. E. Wetmore. 
Many of our best Western New York far- at this rate will the last stick be cut from all 
mers are in the habit of plowing under a clover our hills and plains? And yet, the Central is 
sod just before planting. By this time the only one of a countless number of the like de¬ 
clover has got a good growth, and the soil is strovers of the forest consuming in a day the 
in first-rate working condition. The grubs product ot a century. 
feast on this recently buried matter, and do not Some process ought to be immediately adopt- 
attack the corn until it is well started and ed to render railroad ties less perishable, and 
growing so rapidly as to receive little or no to substitute coke or some other material for 
ininrv wood as fuel for the locomotive; for unless 
' ' ' _" ' ‘ * Plant early—the earlier the better, if the this is done, a forest tree will live ere long on- 
Thk Rural Nbw-Yorkkr is designed to be unique and weatber is wann an( j tbe soil in good order.— ly in history. We would end as we have begun, 
Hr Variety More corn is injured from late ripening and with the significant warning,—farmers, look to 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical early fall frosts than any other cause. It is your forests! 
I 
flir 
14 
Subjects connected with the business of those whose in- p 0g g[ b J e plant Corn too thick. We have seen 
terests it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horti- 1 ...... . . ,, . 
cultural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter, 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav- 
crops materially injured in this way, more es¬ 
pecially in not ripening in proper time. Three 
mgs, than any other paper published in this Country,— f ee £ a p ar [ eac h way, and four plants in a hill, is 
rendering it a complete Agricultural, Litkkaky and , . T , . , , , , , 
— y Nkwspaper the usual practice. It is better to plant too 
For Terms, Ac., sks last page. ig| 
__easy to thin them to the proper nun 
. . first hoeing. In preparing the seed it 
f j>ilV _ atj fYl 4 '!'j N 1T mon tk ‘ 8 neighborhood to smear 
ll l ill l IU ^ ^ * * with tar and dry it with plaster ; this ii 
---prevent the crows from injuring it 
Progress and Improvement. correspondents of the Rural have cei 
the value of flowers of sulphur instead o 
CULTIVATION OP INDIAN CORN. asa reme( ]y against the injuries of worms. 
Indian Corn is tluTnuist important crop We have known several instances where 1 
raised on this continent; yet on sitting down been used with S reat success * ^ lt 
CULTIVATION OF BROOM-CORN. 
Though unable to reply definitely to all the 
, , . T , . , inquiries of Mr. Knapp (in Rural of Jan. 26,) 
the usual practice. It is better to plant too .V. . ,, u . ,. ., ,, 
A. , , ... . ,. aal r . relative to the cultivation of Brooin-Corn, we 
much seed in the hills than too little, as it is . , ... c , P 
, , , , can give a few narticulars. borne five years 
easy to thin them to the proper number the . ... . , , V , 
J T . .. . . since, while passing through the Mohawk V al- 
first hoeing. In preparing the seed it is com- , r ° A ,, r ,. ~ ,,. 
® . ,, , , , ley, we saw many considerable fields of this 
mon in this neighborhood to smear the corn ^ . . , ,, „ „ . ., . . 
6 ... ., corn, and gleaned the following items m regard 
with tar aad dry it with plaster ; this is said to . .. ° . r ... ,, n -I 
J „ l . . . c , . to its culture and uses. The Broom-Corn of; 
prevent the crows trom injuring it several A . .. , .. 
‘ , , that region is generally grown upon the fiats ot 
correspondents ot the Rural have certified to .... Y. ,, , . . 
1 „ . . . . . . the river, which are overflowed every winter or 
the value of flowers of sulphur instead of plaster, ... . . - fprt;1 - 
h#H 
I L •' v’ 
- ■h'MM 
mm? 
mm 
mmm 
" CaiP' n 
''■ft.PA Q £ CcM&' n Jc ' 
PORTRAIT OF A SUFFOLK PIG. 
that region is generally grown upon the flats of Eds Rural ; _ t ^ Jon a cut of a Suffolk Pig i n 1844, Mr. C. Lee, of Orleans Co., N. Y., 
the river, which are overflowed every winter or wb ; cb j fattened last fall ; also the following ac- raised at the rate of 40 bush, to the acre, on a 
spring, and thus kept in a high state of fertili- count, kept with two litters of pigs from the compact clay loam—planted in drills 3 feet 
in tances where it has ^ is usually drained, at least j same sow, by David Crossman, Esq., of this place. 3 inches apart. But what added greatly to the 
ms ducts w ere i las with Q drains, so that the water may pass | The feed was bought at the prices named. thrift of his beans, was a dressing of charcoal, 
to write about its cultivation, we are painfully Be careful not to cover the seed to ° dee P5 the 
reminded of our lamentable ignorance of its shallower all seed is buried, so that light is ex - 
chemical requirements. We know, thanks to the better - Mark oufc the lot both 
European investigations, something of the re- wa .vs.so as to insure straight rows; the corn lot 
quirements of wheat, barley, beatis, peas, tur- not 0ld Y looks much better when the rows are 
U6CU ‘ , , Off readily, and as soon in the spring as the 
Be careful not to cover the seed too deep; the ^ of ^ gTQUnd will admit it is plowed and 
shallower all seed is buried, so that light is ex- ± The latter operation is performed 
eluded, the better. Mark out the lot both ... , , , , . 
’ with a seed planter, or drill, in rows about 
wmvs, so as to insure straight rows; the corn lot . , . 0 
5 , three and one-half feet apart. Some seasons, 
quirements of wheat, barley, beans, peas, tur- not only looks much better when the rows are j t dcda y ed ]jy unfavorable weather as late as 
nips, &c., but no one knows anything respecting straight in all directions, but you can horse- t he first week in June. As soon as the corn is 
the special demands of Indian corn. To raise boe mueb c l° ser without risk ol cutting up the f. dr ]y up _ ; t j s } 10e( ] j aiu j soon after thinned so 
a crop of wheat, from Id to 35 bushels per hills. ^ . as to leave the stalks two or three inches apart 
aere, we know the exact quantity of certain Y ou, of course, have saved a sulhcient quan- . Q the rQW _ jp onl y i loed a ) (lll ,r the rows, the 
constituents of manure that will be required; <% ol y° ur own P u mpkm seeds, selected trom remaining sur f ace i s kept cle.v by the frequent 
bur who cau say the same ot LtUian cofu l i tl - c ° " r , - , ‘ . V 'P ,W * ^ x ’ a< use of the cultivator, and tli. r working finished 
Who can tell us, if a soil without manure yields lea - st ’ a ( l uai ' 1 ot pumpkin seed with each peek ,.„ nn ; nfro c l nlnw 
Pigs, Or. 
By one S"ld at 3 months,. §6.50 
“ pork of ten pigs slaughtered at 8 
mon-hs. 2,240 lbs. sold at $7 per 
hundre*!.156,80 
“ ten pigs, 1 month old, $2 apiece,... 20.00 
Total,.183,3(* §183^50 
a crop of wheat, from 15 to 35 bushels per 
aere, we know the exact quantity of certain 
constituents of manure that will he required; 
bui who cau say the same of btJian coin'! 
Who cau tell us, if a soil without manure yields 
as to leave the stalks two or three inches apart 
in the row. If only hoed along the rows, the 
remaining surface is kept ole: j by the frequent 
use of the cultivator, aad th r working finished 
by running a shovel or double mouldboard plow 
Pigs, 
Dr. 
$19,35 
“ Corn at 62j4c. per bushel,. 
. 55,65 
“ Barley, 62 He. “ “ 
. 12,00 
“ Apples, l2Xe. “ “ 
3,00 
“ Pumpkins,. 
. 3 00 
30 bushels of shelled corn per acre, how much of seed corn, and thin out if you think them shdlow behveen the rows 
ammonia, phosphoric acid, potash, etc., we must too thick. Plant the corn in four feet rows, L . , - 
It was formerly the practice to let the Broom- 
supply in manure to produce 60 bushels per rather than not have a good crop of pumpkins CorQ until quite ripe> a nd also to break 
acre? Every one must admit that such knowl- -if for noth, ngelse, it would pay to grow them dQwn ^ t aud let lhem hang for some 
edge is desirable, —yet we are not aware of a to rot 011 tbe laud to1 matuue ’ bul ^ are e ^. weekS) sothat the brush might straighten even- 
single experiment that has ever been made to <*llent food for hogs and cows in the toll. It N the tons are lopped while the brush 
Baliince in favor of feed,.. $90,30 
All these pigs were the get of the Suffolk Bo«r. 
Prince,” late the property of the subscriber. 
John R. Page. 
Sennett, Cayuga Co., If. Y., 1854. 
BEANS. — CULTURE, PROFIT, &C. 
ascertain the point piaster is ooiainanie lor nve uouars per ion, 11 
, r T . ... , , . , will pay, on most soils, to scatter a table-spoon- 
Mr. Lawes instituted some experiments on , . . . ,, , 
, . .. t> , i , , , . ,, ful on each hill, when the corn is lust through 
his farm at Rothamsted lust season, tor the . .... „ . , J ° 
A. , ,1 The cultivation of beans as a field crop, is 
ly. Now the tops are lopped while the brush I . ,. ,, ,. ^ ^ 
/ 1 Y . often highly remunerating. Crops are on re- 
purpose or seeing bow far Indian corn agreed ^ ^ . 
in its requirements with wheat, barlev, ete.— ‘ C!> ’. , , .. , , . 
T> ^ .... .: . . \\ ill our intelligent practical correspondents 
But in a recent letter he liitonns us that from . , . . , , . , 
,. give us their views on the relative advantages 
the coldness ol the climate the corn did not ® . . , 
. ., i .i . , of hilling up corn, or letting it remain as plant- 
coine to maturity, and that consequently he ” ‘ • • , , 
,. , , , • , .... i. , • t. ed, merely keeping it clean by horse and hand 
could not obtain the desired information, lie . J . ,. ° . J . . , 
plaster is obtainable for five dollars per ton, it * 1 ' , . often highly remunerating. Crops are on re- 
, ., , .. . r, is quite green and the seed yet m the milk, and . , . ,, , e .... 
will pay, on most sous, to scatter a table-spoon- , 1 b J cord, 'where the yield has gone trom thirty 
fill on each hill, when the corn is just through L u L \ Cld 1 °" 11 ^ a secou< S “^ 0 ian ' ’ '' 11 e bushels, up as high as sixty bushels to the acre, 
the soil. The beneficial effects are oftentimes ,l ( oac s 1 K111 1!lt0 " a ^ 0Ila UIU ta vt: ' 1 u m These large crops are the result of judicious care 
astonishing. t0 the ***<*!' 01,6 of wfedl “ SfenemUy car- M(J from d rici in the availllble elcments 
Will our intelligent practical correspondents '' e ^ on "liogtoa minh Btoom-Cuit.. „i n „, Tl... i,]..,. that. ha:,,,, will ,.raw- 
give us their views on the relative advantages '1’Lore they are parcelled into sorts of equal 
„„ ton;it retain oa length and the seed taken off by a hatcheling 
, „ , , a , , . , , hoeing? Hilling up is an almost universal 
says, however, that the plots dressed with phos- r . . . , .. 
. 1 . practice;yetmaiiyintelligentcultivatoi-scon- 
phates and ammonia grew most vigorously.— f , , . a . . , , 
* ,, . , , n . tend that it is not only unnecessary, but posi- 
it is really a pitv that some of our btate Ag- ..... 7 . , . 
. , /, : : , „ ° tively miunous. Reader, what is your expe- 
ricultural bocieties caunot make a series of ex. . ^ ? 
periments that would throw some light on this J_ , , m , ,_ 
interesting subject FARMERS, LOOK TO YOUR FORESTS. 
Indian corn is supposed to bq indigenous to - 
the New World; at all events, it flourishes The forests of Western New York, and in¬ 
better here than in Europe, lt grows on the deedof all the Western States aie disappearing 
machine, carried by water, steam or horse pow¬ 
er. It is then spread thin on racks under 
shelter, and will dry in about a week, so that it 
may be packed in bulk. 
The stalks are five or six feet high after the 
brush is cut off) and are generally left on the 
bushels, up as high as sixty bushels to the acre. 1 ' ’ ‘ . 
u e . ,. • „ come to the barnm tine order. 
These large crops are the result of judicious care , , 
, .. . ... . . , , , . Beans may be planted to advantage m corn 
and trom around nch in the available elements , , , J 
.. , , . ., a , , , ... and thus be made to pay the expense ot the 
ot the plant The idea that beans will grow . , , L r r, ... £ , 
,, a „ .. A, crop without damage to it. VVe find some ex¬ 
on soil too poor tor any other crop is a tallacy Y , . f r5 , . ^ ^ 
, a . Y a , .... , . „„ periments by A. Wilcox, ot Herkimer Co., N. 
that none but the shiftless will indulge in. the t • TT c , 
v Y. detailed, touching this point He first 
bean will as well repay generous culture as any J 
other plant, and will likewise dwindle under | 
nesrlect. 
planted in the hill with the corn, and found 
the yield of both diminished. He then adopt- 
; adapted to the successful cultivation of the 
i beau, as a sandy loam, or gravelly one. Upon 
thus treated, gave 35 bush, beaus, whilst the 
field to be plowed m the succeeding spring.— , , a . .. al . yield ot com per acre, was equal to the rest of 
v / , ,, t-„ f. ?• , the former and all retentive soils, they are much J * , ,. 
It is said that the stalks are lull ot leaves which .... . ... ... . , the field where no beaus were planted, ihe 
,, more liable to be affected by heavy rains and „ „ . , . ,. , 
are very nutritive, and m case ot need, would . , , , , „. following year he planted o acres and gatn- 
It is said that the stalks are full of leaves which 
,, more liable to be affected by heavy rains and „ „ . , , , , 
are very nutritive, and in case ot need, would , . , , . , following year he planted o acres aud gath- 
. , , . „ ip w .i long continued drouth, as they are soon affect- , . r e , 
turnish a large amount of good food for cattle. ered llo bushels ol beans—without any ap- 
. ° ed by a superabundance of moisture, while the . . _ . . 
They can be cut and dried tor winter, or eaten • ^ the d> ^ easil injured and P arent detruuent 10 ** corD - 
^ by stock on the ground. Ihe seed is ^ when ^ or ite matured . 0 n When threshed the straw or vines should be 
3 d as food for fowls, and sometimes as food ^ laflds? heavy rains soon pass away . No well stored away for winter use. lt is equal to 
' stock - . x . mould or rot is induced in plant or pod, while the best of hay for sheep, and is greatly relished 
We hope the call for information will receive the mQre genial warmth of the soil hastens and b Y them. Many cattle are also very fond of 
.1 and prompt answer-we have no doubt of advances the criod of matU rity. Besides, ^ We see it stated that a Mr. W.m. Clark, 
e profitable nature ot the crop.-B. guch haye lhe advanta e of being easier of Green Oak, Mich., raised the past season 40 
poorest sands, on the most tenacious clays, on Bke the morning mist from tlie hills. I lie in- green by stock on the ground. The seed is 
grauite rocks and rich alluvial bottoms; in ev- creased rapidity ot this destruction is hardly used ^ food for fowls, and sometimes as food 
erv clime and on all soils in this vast Continent. man 'fost, because the laudmaiks ot the forest f or stock. 
grauite rocks and rich alluvial bottoms; in ev- lupiuuy m ui» u»uuuuuu u nanny 
ery clime and on all soils in this vast Continent, man >fest, because the laudmaiks ot the forest 
Indian com springs up, as it were spontaneous- disa PP ea [ after a few > ,ears ’ aud S ivc P llU5e to 
ly, without the care and attention of the plant- * cltde fields. 
er. The ease with which it is produced, is imminent among the enemies of the forest 
probably one of the principal reasons why we (although it must be admitted a friend to human- 
have neglected to study its peculiar require- ^ isthe railroad - The immense amonut ot ‘ 
ments. Experience, that great teacher in all timber used in the construction and manage- 
the practical arts, has taught us all we know of ment of railroads caQ hard, y be c <> a ceived.- 
disappear alter a tew years, and give place to We hope the call for information will receive 
tertile fields. foil a[ Kl prompt answer—we have no doubt of 
Prominent among the enemies of the forest thc pro fi t able nature of the crop.— b. 
(although it must be admitted a friend to human- - _, , ^ _ 
ity) is the railroad. The immense amount of SUFFOLK BOGS, 
timber used in the construction aud manage- - 
the cultivation of Indian corn. It would ap¬ 
pear to teach that corn does not need so com¬ 
pact and calcareous a soil as the wheat plant 
demands, lt delights in a loose, friable, warm, 
porous, deep soil, abounding in organic matter. 
Bridges, ties, and fuel, create such a demand . ... . , « ^.. 0 ,,^ wnur.. ttu¬ 
tor the products of the forest, that they disap- other breed of hogs. They possess many good j crop ot the previous year, which was well ma- e ma a pi i ‘ ' t 0 Twelve and sixteen 
pear before it as they do before a deVouifog qualities. They mature early; the proportion j nured. If the land has been kept free of ^ ^ ^ 
fire. Nothing is spared. The noble tree of a of bone and offal is small; they fatten with j weeds, easy cultivation is ensured, and the ^nun^a " ’ ' J. , lio-fit crons 
century’s growth is called for, to take its'place great rapidity ; they are of a white color, which j crop may be. planted m drills or lulls, or sown e cmui ry , • a Dra cti C al ex- 
luuite ..ntt.re,,- ’ a river nr a for fashion’s sake, iffor no other reason, is very broadcast. Unless the soil is absolutely clean should investigate the maitem a pi ac ical, ex 
The Suffolks are attracting more attention, j crop 
at the present time, in this country than any | Bt 
pulverized and saturated with urine. It was 
added at the second hoeing, between the rows, 
and covered with earth. The change was very^ 
sudden, producing a much higher color and a 
very rapid growth, that soon completely cover¬ 
ed the ground. 
When the pods are yellow, the beans should 
be pulled aud stacked. If the weather is good, 
an advantage is had by laying them in row3 
for two or three days, to be partially cured.— 
They should be pulled before any sharp frosts 
affect them. To stack them, set a stake firmly 
in the ground, place something on the ground 
and keep the beans clear, and if admitting the 
air all the better. Lay the beans in a circle 
about tliq stake with the roots inward, making 
the diameter of the stack so small that air may 
readily penetrate the whole—carry it up a few 
feet, and protect wdth a good cap of straw to 
ward off wet Thus secured, when free from 
all dampness, and your beans will cure and 
come to the barnin fine order. 
Beans may be planted to advantage in corn 
and thus be made to pay the expense of the 
® . . . , „ ed the plan ot planting in alternate hills in 
A clay soil in many respects is not so well . , , rn 
. pi 1 . . ,. , rows—the hills 20 niches apart I wo acres 
ered llo bushels of beaus—without any ap- 
When threshed the straw or vines should be 
of Green Oak, Mich., rated the past season 40 
tilled, kept more friable aud free from weeds, acres ot beau3) averaging. 1 1 bushels to the 
advantages that tell much in the profits of the acre;upon the straw ot which he has wintered 
' 300 sheep in good condition, without any other 
Beans are preferred to follow' some hoed feed. Taking it all in all the bean crop may 
an of the nrevious year, which was well ma- be made a profitable one, especially where the 
practice is, for the rows 3 feet apart, and in 
e is not so well.— perimental way—not lavishly—until they find 
p can be kept clean, the cause, and then govern themselves aecoi- 
labor. A common dingly. So of all other crops—adopting that 
» feet apart, and in course which each one’s circumstances point 
wictwt ti, Q nnt. ns the most iudicious. t. k. w. 
fi ,,r til. apart for hundreds of consecutive miles, there they are too delicate 111 constitution.— possess- which is essential, witn less laoor. .a. common ~ - , . . . . 
gross feeder. VVe can easily make land too l jait ' llJL auuureuB ^ J . ,, , . ,. _ A „ ?a •> f., p . . 1ri . ir t o,„] ; n course which each ones circumstances point 
• if 1 . 1 , . J , to rot awav and perish within five years.— ing too much Oh nese blood, to suit this climate; practice is, tor the rows 3 tcet apart, ana 111 course wttiut v 
rich for wheat, but we have never yet seen any re roi away anu perisu wiium uv^ ycuia miio « foot rtr ■, little more anart Where the out as the most judicious. x. k. w. 
too rich for thc production of Indian Cora. “”>> worthlwB that Us back tsnarrow. , Is legs lagh tts belly _ - 
Like all spring crops, corn inquires ... active tree is cat ap into fact to supply the-aaver-to- pendant, its forehead broad and though it lays rows "eater the Ms may ^ f arOar hem Htm.-It is welt known that edible, 
soil. The atmosphere should have free access, be-satisfied cravings ot the iron steed, that on tat wit gieat rapi itj, jtt it eats loiauous^ VVbere tbe plow or cultivator is not plants contain a larger proportion of carbon, 
and decomposition and disintegration should thunders in his switt career over the plains. y, ani is not an economics em ei ‘ ' dress inc them out the rows may be or heat-producing elements than animal mattery 
go on with great rapidity. Hence line tilth The demand for fuel, even in this city, to cordant opinions can only be attributed 0 our used 11 dressing them ^out the rows may be ^ h l hivo , ous ai:i mals are better 
is essential. The particles of the soil should supply the locomotives alone, is perfectly as- want ot correct information, and until the ex- advantageously p u . J - supplied with food to sustain the heat of the 
be rendered as fine as possible by good plowing, founding. A railroad train is run regularly penment is tairly tried, we must continue satis- uu m's the plants then shs = body than ciu-nivorous animals. Nature has 
dragging, rolling, cultivating, etc.; aud after every day out of town, over the Lockport tied with guessing which breed ot hogs will fully. They should no epantt ‘ provided for this by giving carnivowwB animals 
the plums are up, the hoe and cultivator cannot ™ ad . for the sole and only purpose of bringing lay on most fat for the food consumed. ger ot trost is over -the as 0 1 & skin destitute of p0 ^ that they lose much 
be used too much for the benefit of the corn fuel for the locomotives of the Central road. The following letter reters to the accompa, of June—anil hoed at lea f t tw ^ , , ^ heat b perS p ration than the herbivore. 
How much lomrer is this to last? How soon, nying engraving: oftener as is necessary to keep the weeds down, less Heat D) perspiration 
How much longer is this to last? How soon, uymg engraving: 
Where the out as the most judicious. x. k. w. 
irther from ‘ • -* 
heino- S uffi- A nimal Heax.— It is well known that ediblo. 
