MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
167 *1 
THE PEACH. — NO. II. 
In connection with this protection by means 
offences, is another consideration, and one that 
may aid it much, and that is the mode of train¬ 
ing. Low heads and training by shortening 
in, find now almost universal favor among sci¬ 
entific men. The low tree is certainly the best 
for all purposes, and especially so in a windy 
country. And more so must it be with the 
peach, when it can be made to aid incidentally, 
in its own protection against frosts. Allusion 
is now made, not so much to the prevention of 
activity in the sap, as to securing against inju¬ 
ry after the sap is in full circulation. 
It is well known that damage from frost is 
much greater when the plant is exposed at 
once to the direct rays of the sun, or to a con¬ 
siderable degree of heat, than when the thaw¬ 
ing is accomplished gradually in the shade. I 
have seen growing corn so frozen, that the 
least disturbance of a leaf would break it like 
glass, saved from injury by being enveloped in 
a dense fog at sunrise. Vines so shaded that 
the sun could not reach.them till the frost was 
dissolved by the softening of the atmosphere 
in general, have remained fresh, while others 
no less frozen were killed. Now, apply these 
principles to the peach orchard, and it will be 
seen that it is most desirable to train our trees 
so that they can be easily shaded. 
The late treatises on fruit culture, give am¬ 
ple instructions on this mode of training, and 
he who cultivates but a half dozen trees, would 
find himself more than paid in the purchase 
and study of one of them. In an article like 
this, w r e can no more than indicate some of the 
principal points, for the benefit of those who 
raise their own peach trees, as perhaps most 
people do—especially in a new country. The 
work must be begun when the tree is small.— 
If seedlings, when one year old; if budded, at 
one year’s growth of the bud—the bud having 
been inserted close at the ground. And hav¬ 
ing begun, the work must be followed up and 
carried out, or it will prove worse than useless. 
The form must be fixed in the mind, and 
sight never lost of it. Suppose the tree to 
consist of a single stem. It must be cut back 
to such a point as we wish, for the base of our 
top which we prefer at about one foot and a half 
from the ground. This should be done in the 
spring before growth commences. Select from 
the shoots that start nearest the top of the 
stem, three or four only, and pinch otf all the 
rest as they start. These, it should be remem¬ 
bered, are to become large and form the basis 
of the top, and they should be chosen with re¬ 
ference to preserving a proper balance of the 
tree. It may be necessary to fasten them to 
■stakes to give them the proper inclination.— 
Care should be taken also, as with all other 
branches, that the union with the parent stem 
shall be smooth and solid, with no overgrowing 
ing of the bark, form a crotch to collect moist¬ 
ure to rot the wood. .Such branches, beside, 
are weak, and break or split with the first load 
of fruit. 
For after treatment, we must keep the model 
form always in mind, and watch constantly to 
pinch oil all shoots not wanted to till out our 
design, and to check by pinching those that 
are gaining undue prominence. Shortening in 
the ends of all the branches in the spring, will 
induce the buds near the base to develop 
themselves, and so fill the whole tree with 
bearing wood. Let the practical man consider 
these thoughts of Mr. Wylie, and he may per¬ 
haps benefit himself very much. t. k. w. 
HINTS AND CLEANINGS. 
Depth vs. Drouth. —Gardens often suffer 
with other parts of the farm from drouth, tho’ | 
there is not the same excuse for shallow tillage 
iu the former. Depth of soil is invariably 
found to prevent, in a great degree, the effects 
of long continued dry weather. In a deep rich 
soil, the roots go down, and, in such a soil 
moisture constantly rises from below, as it can 
not and will not form a compact subsoil. Deep 
soils also take up moisture from the air, as a 
hard, shallow soil can not, because it lacks the 
necessary porosity. Remember, this in all your 
garden operations. 
Old Sawdust for You.no Orchards.—A 
writer in the Farmer and Visitor, finds old 
rotten sawdust an excellent application for 
young, or newly planted apple trees. He ex¬ 
perimented with stable manure, leached ashes, 
and well-rotted barn-yard dung, and the trees 
treated with sawdust grew the best—the bark 
being smoother and the trees healthier. All j 
did well, however. Fart of the orchard was 
planted to corn, the rest to potatoes. The 
trees did best among the potatoes. 
Pear, bear fruit in clusters from the ends of 
the branches. White and Red Currants are 
produced on spurs from the old wood, while 
the best Black Currants are found on the new 
wood; Peach trees and Grape vines produce 
their fruit on new wood; Raspberries on the 
canes of last year’s growth,” dying out after 
bearing. ________ 
Sowing Flower Seeds. —Many kinds of an¬ 
nuals have very small seeds, rather difficult of 
germination without much care in securing the 
requisite fineness of soil, proper depth of sow¬ 
ing, and even moisture. After they come up, 
they should be shaded from the hot sun, and 
watered if the weather is very hot and dry.— 
j Do not plant before the season is pretty well 
advanced, as nothing is gained by it, at the 
best, and the seeds are liable to fail from cold 
and exposure. 
The Verbena. —Get a few pots of Verbenas 
of different varieties, if you have them not, and 
turn them out in beds of good rich soil, where 
you wish to make a fine show of low-growing 
flowers. There are few more beautiful, or 
which bloom so long and abundantly as the 
Verbena.— b. 
isfcfil 
J Mi 
msr* 
/N_ Golden Bartonia. (Bartonia Au- 
rea.) — The Golden Bartonia is one 
or.M A. of the finest of our modern annuals. 
|J| ■ ^*- ts P®*^ 3 are remarkable for their 
'j metallic gold-like lustre, hence the 
1 1 name. It was introduced into En- 
1 ' .-'and in 1835, by the Botanist 
Douglass, who discovered it in Cali- 
;.r ’♦ fornia, that golden State of our 
• V A Union, where the hills are pierced 
, ; A-i-’ with gold veins, and the rivers roll 
down their golden sands, and the 
hill-sides and rich valleys are covered 
■' mM W with the Golden Bartonia. Air. Douglass 
/ / -010 ' ^ A “introduced many beautiful flowers as the re- 
if M suit of his botanical tour in California, and 
J§J§U§ ||\1 the Golden Bartonia is one of the most beau- 
HI tiful of them all.” This excellent Botanist 
4 was killed a few years after by falling into a 
pit, made to entrap wild cattle in the Sand- 
j wick Islands. lie introduced into England 
more ornamental annuals than any other col- 
“ 11 is on Iy beneath the bright sunshine,” Dr. 
W HI Lindley observes, “ that its splendid flowers 
^ H unfold. In the early morning the plant is a 
G shabby bush, with pale greenish-gray branches, 
GOLDEN BARTONIA. and weedy leaves; but as the sun exercises his 
The series of Annuals which we have had influence ’ the P etal3 gradually unroll as if in 
the pleasure of presenting to our readers, have ac ^ nov ' lodgment ot his power, till every 
GOLDEN BARTONIA. 
been very generally admired. AVe hope at 
some future time to continue them; but as the 
season for sowing is now ended, we have con- 
branch is radiant with gold: and so metallic is 
the lustre of tho inside of its petals, that one 
would really think they must be composed of 
eluded to give no more at present. Several of som< Jhmg more solid and enduring than the 
our readers have sent to us for seeds. Air. delicate and perishable tissue of a flower.’ 
James Vick, Jr., the publisher of the Horti- The seed should be sown in a rich, well pul- 
culturist, has the seeds, and advertised in verized, and rather moist soil. The stems and 
the Rural that he would send a choice collec- branches are very brittle, and are quite fre- 
tion to any one remitting a dollar. AVe can- queutly broken off by the wind. A situation, 
not close the series more appropriately than by therefore, as much sheltered from wind as pos- 
giving in this number a representation of the sible, should be selected. 
AYhat Parts Produce Fruit. — Pruning 
cannot be performed judiciously, without a 
knowledge of the different parts on which, iu 
different varieties, the fruit is grown. “ Ap- i 
pie, Pear, Cherry and Plum trees, for the most 
part, produce their fruit on spurs from the old 
wood, but some varieties of tho Apple and 
TREES. 
Few farmers appreciate the value of trees; 
few r think how much is added to the comforts 
of life by good orchards, properly cared for, 
and shade trees tastefully arranged around the 
homestead. In this State (Vermont,) less at¬ 
tention is paid to the transplanting of trees and 
the cultivation of fruit, than in almost any 
other in the Union. 
AVc see few young orchards of fruit trees— 
they arc all old and fast going to decay. AVe 
see few lawns, yards or parks, ornamented as 
they ovght to be with trees. Now, when we 
reflect that fruit—many kinds of which may 
be grown with little trouble in this region—is 
the most profitable crop that the farmer can 
raise, we cannot but be surprised that so little 
attention is paid to its cultivation. 
AVhen a fanner is asked why he does not 
plant fruit trees, almost invariably his reply is, 
that he will never reap the benefit of so doing. 
But this is not the case; the cash value of a 
farm on which there is a thrifty orchard of 
young trees, is much greater than that of a 
farm, equal to it in all respects, with the ex¬ 
ception of the trees; and furthermore, nine 
fanners in ten, do not work for themselves, but 
for their children, and aside from the profita¬ 
bleness of fruit for home consumption, the sale 
of fruit from an orchard of one hundred trees, 
would bring in annually, a handsome income to 
the owner. 
Shade trees, also, add materially to the value 
of a farm, aside from considerations of com¬ 
fort. Maples by the wayside, and elms, locust, 
maples, and in fact, most kinds of forest trees, 
planted in the yard or on the lawn, render 
home delightful, and contribute greatly to ren¬ 
der it worthy of the name. Let every laud 
owner plant fruit and ornamental trees. 
CastleUin, Vt., 1S54. . H. H. S. 
The St. Ghislain Pear. —In this locality 
the St. Ghislain is the best of all pears, sur¬ 
passing even the Seekel or Bloodgood. It is 
one of ihe few foreign varieties of pears that 
perfectly acclimate themselves to our soil and 
climate. The only difficulty in regard to it, is 
its great fruitfulness, which renders it necessary 
to destroy at least one-half of the sets in even 
years. 1 have seen as many as twenty-five 
tine pears of this variety attached to a branch 
not six inches in length. The pears that suc¬ 
ceed best in this locality, and which never fail, 
are the Bloodgood, St. Ghislain, Bartlett, 
Beurre Bose and Seekel. Can you, or any of 
your correspondents, inform me how to keep 
winter pears from becoming mellow and in¬ 
sipid before the proper time of ripening?— 
Novus Collator, Watertown, Conn. 
BONES IN THE GARDEN. 
AA r E are, every season, discovering fresh evi¬ 
dence of the great value of bones as a fertilizer. 
\\ r e have to-day been removing some pie plant, 
seedling of the Victoria, that were set out with 
bones under them last spring. The roots had, 
in many instances, completely penetrated the 
bones, so that they were lifted with the roots. 
They help the formation of small fibrous roots, 
and make the growth of the plants very vigor¬ 
ous. In removing a grape vine last season, we 
noticed the same fact AVe now consider bones, 
or their equivalent, as indispensable in the gar¬ 
den. AVe put from a half to a whole bushel in 
every hole in which we set a fruit tree. The 
season of tree planting is not yet over; and we 
would say to our friends, make your holes 
broad and deep, and use bones liberally, if you 
would have a quick growth and fine fruit— 
American Agriculturist. 
Cure for Rose Bugs. —Among the many 
remedies given, only one that we are aware of, 
has ever proved effectual, namely, destroying 
by first shaking them down on a spread sheet. 
In some localities where they are abundant on 
all kinds of vegetation, this may prove totally 
impracticable, but in ordinary cases they may 
be greatly thinned without much difficulty.— 
'['lie best mode we have seen described for ef¬ 
fecting their destruction, or that which prom¬ 
ises the best success, is the following, given in 
a late number of the Boston Cultivator :—In 
the centre of the gardeu a few bunches of the 
damask rose are planted, which the rose bug 
prefers to everything else, and on which they 
mostly congregate. AVhen the roses are in 
bloom, go to these bushes with a broad pan 
of hot water, and shake or jar the insects into 
it By pursuing this practice, they soon dis— i 
appear. 
Bush your Tomatoes. —It is just as sensible 
to grow peas without bushing them as it is 
tomatoes. You may grow both in a slovenly 
sort of way, if you have plenty of room on the 
ground; but you can grow either twice as well 
upon something to support them, and tomatoes 
are decidedly better grown up in the air than 
near the ground, under the shade of a mass of 
vines. The best support for a tomato vine is 
a short bush set firmly in the ground. The 
branches have room to spread among the 
limbs aud support the fruit. The plan is much 
better than tying to stakes aud trimming, ac¬ 
cording to our experience. AA r e have tried 
both ways. 
Hybridizing Plants. —Dr. Hooker of Lon¬ 
don, says that out of more than ten thousand 
experiments tried, iu the gardens of Kew to 
hybridize plants, not more than seven hundred 
succeeded. In those gardens, upon a space 
where not more than 200 plants would grow 
in a natural state, by perfect garden cultivation 
20,000 have been grown. 
Azai.kias, it is stated, all come from Japan. 
They were sent to Europe from Batavia by 
the Dutch settlers there. 
xts, fa. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
Issued from the United States Patent Office, 
For the week ending May 9,1854. 
Simeon Coon, of Ithaca, for improvement in 
sewing machines. 
E. L. Norfolk, of Salem, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in machinery for drawing flax. 
Clark Wheeler, of Little A* alley, N. Y., for 
improvement in bee-hives. 
Heman Crosby, Jr., of Watertown, Conn., for 
improvement in sewing machines. 
Chrisl’r Hodgkins, of Boston, assignor to Ne- 
hemiah Hunt, of same place, for improvement 
in sewing machines. 
Otis Avery, of Homesdale, for improvement in 
sewing machines. 
G. T. Enoch and Daniel AVissirtger, of Spring- 
field, Ohio, for improvement in seed planters. 
AVm. J. Casselman, of Vernon, NT. Y., for im¬ 
proved hub-borer. 
AVm. Damorel, of Brooklyn, N. Y., for improv¬ 
ed extension bit guard key for door locks. 
Heman H. Dean, of Adrian, Mich., for improv¬ 
ed felloe machine. 
Jacob Edson, of Boston, for improved pump. 
Chas. K. Farr, of Hinds county, Miss., for im¬ 
provement in cultivators. 
Albert Fink, of Baltimore, for improvement 
in bridges. 
Clias. R. Fox, of Chicago, for improved jour¬ 
nal-box for saw-mill carriage. 
Nelson Gavitt, of Philadelphia, for improve¬ 
ment in machinery for culling paper. 
Platt C. IngersoM,of Elmira, for improved ar¬ 
rangement of the pestle and mortar. 
Wra. Loughridge, of AVeverton, Md„ for im¬ 
proved method of unloading canal boats and 
other vessels. 
H. G. Marchant, of Annisquam, Mass., for im¬ 
proved manure and sand loader. 
J. <fe G. W. Prescott, of Boston, for machine 
for reducing wood to slivers. 
J. A. ltoth and J. Lea, ot Philadelphia county, 
for improvement in bleaching apparatus. 
J. Rogers, of Poultney, Vt., for improved ma- 
chine for marking out sash. 
Wm. S. Rcinert, of Spring Garden, Pa., for 
machine for weighing and printing butter. 
A. M. Sprague, of Mobile, fur adjustable flue 
bottom for steam boilers. 
A. M. Sprague, of Mobile, for improvement in 
pistons for steam engines. 
D. Talcot, of New York, for improvement in 
the construction of hatches. 
Enoch Woolman, of Damascoviile, Ohio, for 
improved arrangement of friction roller in in¬ 
clined plane hinges. 
B. <fc T. Winans, of Baltimore, for improved 
locomotive fire-box. 
F. Davis, of Keene, N. H., assignor to J. M. 
Reed, of Swansey, N. II., for improvement in 
screw-jacks. 
re-issue. 
D. Lynahon, of Buffalo, for improvement in 
cutting books. Patented Oct. 18, 1853. 
For the week ending May 16, 1854. 
AVm. Barker, of Utica, N. Y., for improved 
clap-board joint. 
C. Roberts, of Belleville, Ill., for improvement 
in harvester rakes. 
H. Frisbie, of Olmsted, Ohio, for improved 
bath machine. 
Wm. Stoddard, of Lowell, Mass., for improv¬ 
ed rotary shingle machine. 
G. A. Read, of AA r aterioo, N. Y., for improve¬ 
ment iu self-healing smoothing irons. 
AV. L. Bass, of Gambridgeport, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in tables for slaps cabins. 
S. A. Skinner, of Browuington, Vt., for im¬ 
provement in surgical splints. 
I. M. Hopkins, of Pascoag, R. I., for improve¬ 
ment in knitting machines. 
J. Putnam, of Salem, Mass., for improvement 
in moulding clay pipe couplings. 
T. J. Sloan, of N ew York, for improvement in 
water indications of steam boilers. 
C. G. Sargeanf, of Lowell, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in machinery for combing wool. 
G. Rogers, of Enfield, Eng., for improvement 
in baths for coating metals with other metals. 
Henry Burt, of Newark, N. J., assignor to the 
“Newark Patent Hosiery Co.,” of same place, 
for improvement in knitting machines. 
A. Greenleaf, of Kingston, Pa., for improved 
water wheel. 
L. Lackey, of Sutton, Mass., for improvement 
in machines for pegging boots and shoes. 
H. B. Hatnmon, of Bristolviile, Ohio, lor im¬ 
provement in ox-yokes. 
D. P. Baldwin, of San Francisco, Cal., for im¬ 
provement in shower bath. 
L. Dederick, of Albany, N. Y., for improved 
hay and cotton presses. 
G. E. Higgins, of Syracuse, N. Y., for improv¬ 
ed fastening for ear-rings. 
F. Baker, of' Pepperell, Mass., for improved 
lathe for irregular forms. 
B. Hughes, of Rochester, N. Y., for improve¬ 
ment in trip-hammers. 
C. M. Daboll, of New London, CL, assignor to 
himself and A. P. Daboll. of same place, for im¬ 
proved catch for holding the bit in brace stocks. 
AV. Eaton, of Carbondale, Pa., for improve¬ 
ment in machines for cutting glaziers’ points. 
O. H. Dana, of West Lebanon, N. H., for im¬ 
provement in potato diggers. 
J. Hultz, of Berlin Township, O., for improve¬ 
ment in gun locks. 
N. AV. Gilley, of Nottingham Township, N. 
Y., for improved method of hanging gates, efcc. 
AVm. 11. Mitchell, of Brooklyn, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in machinery for composing type. 
J. Peck, of New Haven, CL, for improvement 
in fire-arms. 
L. Scott, of St. Louis, Mo., for improved port¬ 
able grinding mill. 
L. Stewart, of AVaskington, D. C., for improv¬ 
ed saw. 
H. 11. Taylor, of Springfield, Mass., for im¬ 
proved machine for paging books. 
Win. H. Towers, of Philadelphia, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in guitars. 
AVm. H. Street, of New York, for improved 
mode of attaching blankets to cylinders for 
printing presses. 
M. Spear, of Baltimore, for improvement in 
mitre-box. 
I. W. Little, of Newbury, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in ox yokes. 
P. S. Howes, of Boston, for improvement in 
self-heating smoothing irons. 
D. M. Smith, of Springfield, Vt., for improved 
bathe bog. 
P. B. Tyler, of Springfield, Mass., for improv¬ 
ed mode of nibbling saw teeth. 
J. Edmondson, of Salvord, England, and C. 
Haworth, of Marsden, Eng., executors ot Thus. 
Edmondson, deceased, late of Salvord, aforesaid, 
for improved case for holding railway and other 
tickets. 
L. W. Leeds, and B. M. Smith, of Philadelphia, 
for improvement, in pydraubic heaters. 
E. Brown, of Waterbury, Ct., assignor to the 
“ Scoville Manufacturing Co.,” of same place, for 
improvements in machine for making hinges. 
E. II. Graham, now or late of Biddeford, Me., 
assignor to himself and A. Wheeler, of Lowell, 
Mass., for improvement in magazine guns. 
A NEW QUILTING FRAME. 
The Michigan Fanner describes a new 
quiliting frame, which economises space, and 
if it works as well as is claimed for it, it must 
be practically admired by the ladies. It is 
compared to a table frame two and a-half feet 
wide by nine and a half long. Two or three inch 
scantling placed eight-square, or round,is used 
for the side rails. On the ends of these is 
made a round tenon, one and a half inches in 
diameter, and one inch longer than the thick¬ 
ness of the end rails at the shoulder of the rail, 
on one end of each a small wray wheel, made 
of cast iron, or thick sheet iron, may be nailed 
to the end of the tenon. The wheel i 3 about 
four inches in diameter. A small dog made of 
nail-rod, should be attached to the end of the 
frame, so as to play on the wray wheel. Along 
the side rails a strip or list of cloth is nailed, 
to which the quilt is stitched. AVhen the quilt 
is put together, sew one side to the listing of 
one rail and roll it on so far that the other side 
of the quilt may be fastened to the other rail 
and the work is ready. As last as quilted roll 
up the wray wheel and dog, holding all in its 
place. The frame is light, portable, and takes 
up but little space compared to the old fash¬ 
ioned, long-armed contrivances. t. e. w. 
PRACTICAL HINTS.—BY A FARMER’S WIFE. 
To keep Butter solid, and sweet, in hot 
weather. —Have a stone jar, (or butter firkin, 
the first is the best,) half full of brine, that will 
float an egg. Sugar may be added, but is not 
indispensable. Into this, drop your rolls, or 
prints of butter, when thoroughly worked, and 
ready for use. Keep the jar closely covered, 
and you will probably not have a plate of oily 
butter on the table all summer,—unless you 
are in the habit of putting your butler upon 
the table the first, instead of the last thing, at 
meal times,—I have known such. 
A Philadelphia Sponge Cake. — Take 10 
To make Camphor Cake. —Take of lard, 
two ounces: spermaceti, two ounces; white wax, 
one ounce; camphor, half an ounce; and melt 
the whole together with its little heat as possi¬ 
ble, stirring the ingredients well that they 
may unite. When nearly cold, jt may be cast 
into a paper mould; pour the mixture gently 
in. AVhen cold it is fit for use. Camphor 
cake is excellent for chapped hands or a rough 
skin; it is best applied after washing. 
To clean Head and Clothes Brushes.— 
Put a table-spoouful of pearlash into a pint of 
boiling water. Having fastened a bit of 
sponge to .the end of a stick, dip it into the 
solution, and wash the brush with it; carefully 
going in among the bristles. Next pour over 
it some clean hot water, and let it lie a little 
while. Then drain it, wipe it with a cloth, 
and dry it before the fire. 
