.-..r.rrr.r.r.rrrrrrr. 
VOLUME V. NO. 24.1 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. - SATURDAY 
CULTIVATING INDIAN CORN, 
admit of two thick wedges by which the gripe 
is tightened. The press is made of four-inch 
scantling 8 or 10 feet in length ; one end is 
placed between two strip-s of board, with short 
pins put in aslant close to the end; which 
hook under the upper board, to keep it in its 
place when the lever is moved up or down in 
putting in or taking out the cheese. A board 
is placed two feet from the other end, on which 
the lever rests in a horizontal position when 
the cheese is out. The weights are hung on 
this end, and when removed the lever is raised 
by hand. A stick four inches square, two and 
a half feet in length, is suspended from the. 
lever two feet from the first end. It is circular 
at the top, and hung by means of two short 
boards (nailed on each side of the lever) and a 
pin which passes through the whole, allowing 
it to vibrate towards either end of the lever. 
Six inches on the lower end of the perpendicu¬ 
lar stick is made round, having the same diam¬ 
eter as the neck of the cheese. The press or 
presses cost only a trifle, or any farmer can 
make and put them up. I have described 
only one press, but any number desired can be 
fastened at one end by the same board and 
rested at the other on the same supporter, 
having room enough between for the molds to j 
stand in a row. The cheese is pressed in a ■ 
cotton bag, fitted to it at the bottom and large j 
enough at the top to turn off from it. The 
bag is placed in the mold, a tin filler made 
large at the top, with a four inch neck, is 
placed within it, the curd is {messed down with 
the hand, the bag is pulled up to prevent 
wrinkles, when the mold is full the bag is laid 
over and a follower two inches thick. It is 
then ready to be pressed. The next day it is 
taken out the neck, pared, aud ironed with a 
hot flat-iron. A net is then nut on, and tied 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary, and Family Newspaper 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
ASSISTED BY 
JOSEPH HARRIS, iu the Practical Departments: 
EDWARD WEBSTER, in the Literary and News Dep’ts. 
Corresponding; Editors: 
J. H. Bixby, —H. C. White, —T. E. Wetmore. 
Last fall we passed a field of corn belonging 
to Mr. Davidson, of Greece, in this county, and 
we were much struck with its luxurious growth. 
On speaking to Mr. D. on the subject, he in¬ 
formed us that “ a hoe had not been in the 
field since the corn was planted.” As soon as 
the corn was visible he harrowed it with a 
common drag, repeating the operation in a few 
days in a contrary direction. The drag would 
cover up a few hills here and there, which a 
boy, following the drag, would easily uncover. 
It pulled up none of the corn. He then horse- 
hoed each way, and afterwards, with a plow, 
threw up some soil to the hills by going 
each way of the rows. A cleaner field of corn 
we never saw. A field of corn on the opposite 
side the road, cultivated in the ordinaiy way, 
at twice the expense of Mr. Davidson’s, was 
not half so good, while the soil was the same, 
and the previous treatment much better. 
It is proper to state that Mr. D. used a com¬ 
post made by mixing the cleanings of -the 
poultry house with unleached ashes and plaster, 
applying a little to each hill at the time of 
planting. lie thinks this the best manure that 
can be used for corn. The mixture, he states, 
does not evolve any ammonia. 
Labor is unusually scarce this season, and 
seed time and harvest demand the attention of 
the farmer at the same time, so that, if hoeing 
corn can be dispensed with, it will be no small 
advantage to the cultivator 
This Rural New-Yokkkr is designed to be unique and 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical 
Subjects connected with the business of those whose in¬ 
terests it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horti¬ 
cultural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter, 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav¬ 
ings, than any other paper published in this Country,— 
rendering it a complete Agricultural, Literary and 
Family Newspaper. 
l*’ 01 ’- Terms, &c., skk last page. 
FOEBUSH’S EE APING AND MOWING MACHINE. 
Progress and Improvement. 
Combined Eeapers and Mowers are com¬ 
ing into vogue, and apparently gaining popu¬ 
larity, in various sections of the country.— 
Several machines, each designed to perform 
the chief item of labor in both haying and 
i harvesting, have been invented and improved 
i within the past few years, and are extensively 
, manufactured in this State, Ohio, Illinois, and 
elsewhere. Among these, the most prominent, 
probably, are those of Forbush, Atkin’s, and 
Manny. The latter, as manufactured in this 
State, last year, proved unsuccessful; but it 
has been essentially improved by Mr. AYm. A. 
Wood, and as now made by him, the machine 
is warranted “ capable of cutting an acre per 
hour of any kind of grass, as well as ordinarily 
done by hand by the best mower, and to work 
well as a reaper.” Those wishing information 
as to price, &c., are referred to Mr. Wood’s 
advertisement in a recent number of this paper. 
Atkins’ Self-Raking Reaper has already been 
described in the Rural, and recommended to 
the attention of its readers. The raking appa¬ 
ratus is a most ingenious and curious piece of 
mechanism, and though simple and effectual 
in operation, must be seen to be understood.— 
This machine is best known as a reaper only, 
but the proprietor asserts that forty “ were used 
the last harvest in grass or grain both, with 
almost uniformly good success.” It is manu¬ 
factured by J. S. Wright, of Chicago, whose 
advertisement is given in this paper. 
Forbush's Improved Machine, represented 
above as used for both Reaping and Mowing, 
combines, it is claimed, all the advantages pos¬ 
sessed by separate machines for each operation. 
It is easily changed from a mower to a reaper 
—the only difference being the addition of the 
platform, L, M, K. An examination of this 
machine has enabled us to judge somewhat of 
its merits, and we are favorably impressed iu 
regard to its ability to properly perform what 
is claimed. We hope to have an opportunity 
of witnessing its performance in a few weeks. 
The American Mowing and Reaping Machine 
Co., of Buffalo, are extensively engaged in 
manufacturing the machine, and furnish it on 
the terms stated in our advertising department. 
The following extract from the Company’s Cir¬ 
cular, comprises definite information relative to 
the ability and construction of this machine: 
“ The Company have the most satisfactory 
testimonials, that it will accomplish all that is 
claimed for it, and are satisfied, after a thorough 
investigation of the relative merits of the differ¬ 
ent Mowing and Reaping Machines now before 
the public, that the above is the best in the world ! 
Every Machine sold, will be warranted to be 
made in a workmanlike manner, and of the best 
materials, and capable of cutting from ten to fif¬ 
teen acres of grass or grain per day, with one 
span of horses and driver, and in all respects to 
do the work as well and as easy for the horse, 
as any other Machine in the country. The fol¬ 
lowing particulars may be mentioned as points 
of superiority: 
1. The Machine is compact, simple, durable, 
conveniently arranged, and easily managed. 
2. The bolts are all accessible, and in sight of 
the driver when on his seat. 
3. There is no side draft , and the horses can 
work all day on the machine, as easily as they 
can plow. 
4. The grass is left smoothly spread over the 
ground. 
GALLS ON HORSES, 
Some horses are more predisposed to galls 
than others; but even the most liable to injury 
in this respect may, by care, be kept perfectly 
sound. Bad harness is the great cause of 
galls. In order to save a few shillings in re- 
stufling an old collar, getting camel’s-hair pads, 
or, perhaps, a new collar, many a valuable 
horse has been materially injured, and ever af¬ 
terwards particularly liable to sore shoulders. 
The collar should be frequently examined, in¬ 
asmuch as it is very likely to become hard and 
lumpy. A little pounding will generally re¬ 
move the difficulty, and render the collar soft 
If the horse is known to be predisposed to sore 
shoulders, camels’-hair pads should always be 
used. Heavy and unsteady work is also a fre¬ 
quent cause of galls. A man unused to labor 
can easily blister or gall his hands, while he 
who labors habitually suffers no inconvenience. 
So it is with horses; they have, perhaps, done 
little or nothing during the winter, and, when 
the busy season comes on, they are put to 
“ breaking up,” or other heavy work, and, as a 
natural consequence, their shoulders are galled. 
Could any other result be expected? Light 
work, till their shoulders were hardened, would 
be a more humane and profitable course. 
Bathing with salt and water is a good 
thing to harden the shoulders. Some prefer 
to bathe tho shoulders iu the morning previous 
to going to work; but we think it is better to 
do it at night, and wash it off with cold spring 
water in the morning. Otherwise the particles 
of salt arc apt to adhere to the collar or to the 
hair, and act somewhat as would fine sand in a 
person’s boot. Of course the poor horse is al¬ 
lowed to rest his weary limbs on the Sabbath, 
for, as experience has fully demonstrated, 
neither man nor beast can labor seven days in 
the week with impunity. On Saturday night, 
therefore, the shoulders should be thoroughlv 
bathed with a saturated solution of salt and 
water, washing it off on Monday morning be¬ 
fore commencing work. These precautions 
are particularly necessary where the skin ex¬ 
hibits tenderness or becomes knotty or thick¬ 
ened. A few minutes’ labor, night and morn¬ 
ing, is all that is required, aud it cannot be bet¬ 
ter applied. 
Iu case of actual sores, or where the skin is 
broken, it is desirable that the horse be allow¬ 
ed to rest a few days; but if this is impossible, 
the collar must be so padded as not to touch 
the sore. It would seem esseutial that the sore 
be covered in some way so as to keep out the 
dust, and prevent the flies from troubling it.— 
We never found anything answer the purpose 
iu this particular. If any of our readers have 
been more fortunate, we should like to hear 
from them. A solution of alum is good to 
bathe the sore with, but we prefer white vitri¬ 
ol (sulphate of zinc.) We know of nothing so 
cooling and healing. A tea-spoonful should 
be dissolved in a pint of water, and the sore 
be kept constantly moist with it For this 
purpose it wiU,be necessary to take a bottle of 
it into the livid with you, and to keep a moist- 
eued rag on the sore all tho time. Act on 
these hints, and your teams shall 
be raised or lowered, and secured at any point, 
so as to cut the grass or grain at any height de¬ 
sired. 
t>. The clamp which holds the finger-bar, is 
so constructed that no bolts are required to pass 
through the finger-bar, and so that the same 
connecting rod, finger-bar and knives are used, 
for grain and grass. 
9. Hie guard fingers are so constructed that 
LiieT nmi...:„ly brace and support each other, 
and effectually prevent the knives from choking 
or clogging iii any kind of grass. 
10. The machine is not likely to get out of 
repair, but if a guard or knife should break, an¬ 
other can be put on in the field without going 
, to a machine-shop. 
11. It can readily be thrown out of gear with 
one hand, and the gear-key holds the wheel in 
gear perfectly secure. 
12. A small wheel is attached at the heel of 
the finger-bar and near the clamp. This is de¬ 
signed to take the weight of the finger-bar and 
clamp when backing or turning corners. It 
will also raise the finger-bar and knives above 
the mown grass when necessary to “ carry the 
swathe * or pass over the field without mowing. 
It. will be found of great service in supporting 
the frame when changing from a Mower to a 
Reaper. This improvement has been added 
since last season. 
13. The machine is well protected by Letters 
Patent in the United States and Territories, 
England, the Canadas, and all the British Pos¬ 
sessions— and all persons purchasing of the 
Company or its Agents, will be guarantied its 
unmolested use.” 
We do not see 
why, by the constant use of the horse cultiva¬ 
tor, corn cannot be kept perfectly clean; at all 
events it may be so used as to leave little labor 
for the hand hoe. 
Of the advantages of hilling up corn there is 
much difference of opinion, both among prac¬ 
tical and scientific farmers; generally the latter 
advocate flat culture, while the former practice 
the hilling system. We are disposed to think 
the former right. It hardly seems probable 
that a system should become so general among 
intelligent, observing, practical agriculturists 
as this has, if it was radically wrong. There 
arc, however, some very good reasons offered 
for flat culture, and there are those who claim 
they have found it is not only theoretically, but 
practically, better than the hilling system. It 
appears marvellous that the question has not 
long ago been decided by 'careful experiment. 
The only theoretical advantage we can see in 
favor of hilling, is iu the well known fact, that 
covering a portion of the lower parts of a 
plant has a tendency to favor elaboration of 
sap, and to induce early maturity. If hilling 
has this effect on corn in the Northern and 
Eastern States where at best our seasons are 
very short, and early frosts so frequently in¬ 
jure late corn, it is a sufficient reason for the 
almost universal custom. 
In what we have said about Mr. Davidson’s 
method of cultivating corn, we have quoted 
from memory; if we have made any mistakes, 
j never greased. AY hen the net is taken off 
they are placed in a trencher, (turned out to fit 
the bottom of the cheese,) where they remain 
on shelves until boxed for market. The boxes 
contain ten cheeses, two in width and five 
in length, with very thin strips of board be¬ 
tween them, so that no two can touch each 
other. They are washed in warm suds, rinsed 
in cold water, and dried before they are boxed. 
The expense of the molds was two dollars 
apiece. The nets can be made of rope-makers’ 
twine, but I prefer cotton yarn, No. 8, made five- 
threaded, twisted; doubled and twisted again 
makes good twine. They are knit like com¬ 
mon netting, the meshes are £ inch square, 
with loops at each, which are li inches long. 
It requires some expense and labor to make 
the nets, but when made they are durable. 
I am not informed with respect to the pres¬ 
ent market for piue apple cheese, haviug for 
several years been out of the business, conse¬ 
quently would not influence any one. But I 
would say to any who might choose to manu¬ 
facture it, spare no pains to make a good arti¬ 
cle, and you have every reason to expect a 
good price. I entertain a high opinion of pine 
apple cheese, believing that when rightly made 
it possesses a finer and more delicious flavor 
than any other cheese. n. m. r. 
L nderdraining, &c .— The following extracts 
from a private letter from our esteemed friend 
Saml. \\ illiams, Esq., of Waterloo, refer to two 
of the most interesting subjects connected with 
rural economy; viz., underdraining, and substi¬ 
tutes for hay. 
“Tile drawing, making, saving and applying 
organic manures, and deep thorough culture, is 
the doctriue to preach to farmers; all else is 
leather and prunella. It would make your 
heart ache to see so many fine fields too wet 
to plow, while I have sweet corn up, pie-plaut 
large, and have hoed my black seed onions 
twice. AVithout underdrains, I should be like 
the impious farmer, repining at Providence for 
sending rain in such bounteous profusion. I 
sold the butcher a calf three weeks old, for 
$2,50. He bought one of a farmer, five weeks 
old, for $1,75, not as fat or heavy as mine.— 
Yet it cost the farmer more to keep his cow 
on $10 hay, than it cost me to keep mine on 
stalks, oat-straw, and two quarts Indian corn and 
one quart oil-meal a day; the calf could not 
take all the milk into three quarts a day.” 
HNE APPLE CHEESE 
Eds. Rural : — Having noticed a request in 
the Rural of March 25th, that some one 
posted on the subject, -would give the mode of 
manufacturing Pine Apple Cheese, I waited a 
response from some of your able correspond¬ 
ents, but seeing no reply as yet, I will try to 
answer the inquiry. 
I should make the curd the same as I would 
fer hoop cheese. If I varied from that, it 
would be to scald and salt a trifle more. Any 
curd that will make first-rate hoop cheese, will 
make good pine apple, as the principal differ¬ 
ence consists in the manner of curing. The 
mold is a block of timber 10 inches square, saw¬ 
ed one way, hollowed out in the form of a piue 
apple with a neck 4 inches in diameter, extend¬ 
ing to the top of the block to admit the curd. 
The greatest diameter of the cheese is seven 
inches, its length ten besides the neck, which 
is pared off, leaving the cheese round. 
Inside one-half of the block are 4 short pins, 
and inside the other are 4 holes, to keep the two 
halves in place when put together. They are 
confined with a gripe, the same width of the 
block one way, and 2 inches wider the other, to 
Try Experiments. —»If every former would 
appropriate a small portion of his form even- 
year to experimental farming, great benefit 
could not foil to result from the practice. I 
know a former, who for many years has used 
plaster ou his corn land liberally, aud, as he 
supposed, to great advantage. Last season he 
left unplastcred one row through the middle 
of his field, and to another he applied leached 
ashes. The row to which the ashes was ap¬ 
plied, was the only one which looked and 
yielded better than the one to which no appli¬ 
cation was made. Cn many soils, ashes are of 
much more value than plaster, aud formers 
should try every kind of fertilizer, before they 
adopt the use of one, to the exclusion of all 
others. Try experiments 1 h. l. s. 
A Subscriber says soaking turnip seed in 
fish oil for 24 hours, and drying it off with ash¬ 
es, is an effectual remedy agaiust injury from the 
“ fly.” AYe fear this is too good to be true, 
but it is worthy a triaL 
praise you. 
