VOLUME V. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. - SATURDAY, JUNE M 
St00n’$ gml $J*to-§0rfur: 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary, and Family Newspaper 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
ASSISTED BY 
JOSEPH HARRIS, in the Practical Departments: 
EDWARD WEBSTER, in the Literary and News Dep’ts. 
Corresponding Editors: 
J. H. Bixby, — Ii. C. White,— T. E. Wetmork. 
The Rural Nkw-Yokkbk is designed to be unique and 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical 
Subjects connected with the business of those whose in¬ 
terests it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horti¬ 
cultural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter, 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav¬ 
ings, than any other paper published in this Country,— 
rendering it a complete Agricultural, Literary and 
Family Newspaper. 
For Terms, Ac., see last page. 
i. 1)1 APES, — ONCE 
applied—excellent winter food for stock will ' GRASS HEADLANDS. MR. MAPES, — ONCE MORE. 
be secured. - - 
Thfi advantage of cutting wlieat early—from a late number of the Rural, II. X). L. S., In the Rural ol May 6th, we gave a short 
one to two weeks before fully ripe_has been °*’ Pompey, advocates grass headlands of at review of our controversy with Mr. Mates, 
argued and demonstrated in previous volumes a rod broad. T ou solicit the views of respecting “ Mapes Improved Superphosphate 
of the Rural, and is now so generally conced- correspondents on this point. Some advanta- of Lime, and an account of a recent visit to 
ed that we need not recapitulate testimony in would doubtless be realized trom the his factory undertaken in self-justification, Mr 
this connection. The results of carefully con- * course described, but too slight, I think, to Mapes having most solemnly charged us with 
ducted experiments, conclusively proving the counterbalance the drawbacks. Adopt this gross and wilful misrepresentation. A\ r e clear- 
great advantage of cutting wheat while in the course, and a field containing ten acres, with ly showed that Mr. Mapes had taken the affi- 
milk, have been published and re-published e ff ual sides, would have 156 rods of border—a davits of his men to a statement drawn up by 
throughout the land,— and yet hundreds of fraction less than one acre, or one-tenth of the himself, and which, though true, perhaps, at 
farmers annually allow their wheat to stand till whole field. If your field is a parallelogram, the time it was sworn to by the men, was ut- 
nearly “ dead ripe,” and then raise a tempest the proportion of border will be greater. A terly false as applied by Mr. Mapes for the 
because help is so scarce, aad their crops about square gives the least possible amount of bor- purpose of throwing doubt on our statement 
to be half wasted or ruined ! Of course none der. Teu acres, in a farm of one hundred, ap- as to the mode of manufacture practiced at 
of our subscribers belong to this class_though propriated to headlands! Too much, is it not? the time of our first visit to the factory, he 
it is possible that some of our occasional read- Line fences are necessarily stationary. In having altered his process of manufacture in 
ers may,—for people who neglect to subscribe farms of tolerably even surface, I do not think the interval. To the serious charge we were 
for the Rural would be very likely to procras- stationary division fences desirable. A tier of thus compelled to make, Mr. Mapes replies in 
tinate in other important matters ! fields fronting on a road or lane, can undergo the June number of his IT orking Farmer, as 
— In conclusion, every farmer will be the occ:i «ional changes to advantage. For this follows: 
sraiuer bv'arminsr and eouinnino- for the earn- P ur P ose > where rail timber is abundant, I pre- “ J. Harris.— We are more than surprised at 
. . - - . .. gainer by arming and equipping for the cam- P ut Pose, wnere ran umoer is aounuanr, i pre- 
Progress and Improvement. paign at the earliest practicable moment- See fer for inside fences - rails to P 03ts and boards 
HAYING AND HARVESTING. 
Haying and Harvesting are the two grand 
events in the Summer Campaign of farmers in 
all grazing and grain growing regions. They 
are the principal items of labor for the ensuing 
six weeks or two months, among the great 
majority of our subscribers, East and West, 
North and South. In some sections where the 
Rural circulates, both these important and 
laborious operations are at band—though our 
readers in New England, New York, the 
Western States, and Canada, have yet time for 
ample preparation, especially for wheat har¬ 
vesting. Hence a fesv remarks on the subject 
will be seasonable, and perhaps embody sug¬ 
gestions worthy of attention. 
It is of the first importance to be fully prepar¬ 
ed, in season, for both haying and harvesting. 
Usually the greatest inconvenience experienced 
by farmers consists in the lack of sufficient and 
efficient help. An extra number of laborers is 
necessary, and unless their services are engaged 
earl}', loss is often sustained by not securing the 
grass and grain in proper season. And those 
who wait until the last moment, are necessarily 
obliged to accept such laborers as are obtain¬ 
able, however inexperienced, and not unfre- 
quently pay exorbitant wages. Farmers who 
require special assistance should see that it is 
secured without delay, and those who attend 
to the matter now can engage the most capable 
hands. 
But hundreds if not thousands of our readers 
cannot accomplish their haying and harvesting 
in proper season, without the aid of machinery. 
Mowing and reaping machines must, to a great 
extent, take the place—or supply the want—of 
laborers. Those who require the aid of ma¬ 
chinery should lose no time in securing it early, 
so that there shall be no failure when wanted. 
There is nothing like being fully “ up to time” 
in beginning to cut grass and grain, and every 
farmer should make ample and timely prepara¬ 
tions to secure his more important and profit¬ 
able crops at the most favorable period.— 
Those who have the necessary machines and 
implements, should see that they are in proper 
order,—and those who need new ones should 
lose no time in securing the best obtainable.— 
We say the best, because a poor implement or 
machine—a one-horse affair, liable to “ fail to 
connect” when most wanted—is generally a 
losing investment Farmers who count their 
acres of grass and grain by tweuties, fifties 
and hundreds, can not only afford to own and 
use the most improved labor-saving machinery, 
but will find it nearly indispensable. In many 
instances, two, three or more fanners can ad¬ 
vantageously unite in the purchase and use 
of mowers, reapers, horse-rakes, threshers, &c. 
As to the precise time of cutting grass and 
grain, there are various opinions, though it is 
now generally conceded that both should be 
cut before fully ripe. Meadow hay intended 
for winter feeding should never be allowed to 
stand until nearly-matured. Many of our best 
farmers cut their grass when in blossom, or 
soon after that time. By cutting during the 
period of inflorescence, and curing properly_ 
using from one to two pecks of salt per ton, 
according to the use to winch the hay is to be 
that you have the proper tools, in good order, As often as from five to ei S hfc J ears -these db U “»7 U u f. —— ‘“; 4 —J u* inl¬ 
and the right men to handle them. Let this vision fences should be taken U P> and reset iu a 8 * r ° m deSp< ; adseIlturer - 
be done beforehand, and it will save a vast ^w place, so as to make the headlands be- He now asserts that in disguise he has visited 
deal of vexation, to say nothing of pecuniary tween tvv0 fieIds the centre of a newly-formed l e f ^ torj " bere the improved superphosphate 
* 0 * * Pniri rnj _ ,-j/i ^L. v t oi lime is made, and discovered that the affida- 
gain—which latter ought to have some weight, f ‘ 1 • lhe 1 d headlands can then be broken yit of twenty lnen> pub ii s hed by us in our 
even in these prosperous times for farmers. up made clean and cropped. These changes March number, and which clearly established 
—-—- WlU 0bviate the daI 1 S er 0f “ S raU1 g row,D £ too that he> Harei8) was au unmitigated, wholesale 
CULTIVATION OF TURNIPS RUT 1 BAG IS &C ran h to fill well, or lodge or rust, on account ot manufacturer of falsehood, was sworn to by the 
AUI.I JjjluAo) t h e richness of the border.” Borders will nat- parties without understanding it, Ac. He next 
The cultivation of Turnips has been advo- u rally become the richest part of the field.— proceeds to detail a new set of fictions, as un- 
cated by nearly all agricultural writers in this They are not exhausted by cropping. Cattle true as those answered by the first affidavit.— 
country; but it cannot be denied that at the and sheep seek them as a shade firm the sun, Had these assertions not appeared in a paper 
present moment Turnips are held in as light or a shelter from storm and wind. Of course previously respectable, we should not notice 
estimation by practical farmers, as they were tbeir ordure enriches these places of resort. them ’ nor are we wdlin S further to annoy our 
half a century ago. We have been told of The burdock, the thistle, the elder, and kindred readers bj usin f the columns of our P a P er 111 
their immense value in an English svstem of nuisances, luxuriate in such localities too often ep e ‘ !U ‘ ’ 1 eu t>re J at an e<u y uie, 
rotation, aad many able theoretical arguments ™ th ™pumty. All these furnish reasons in find a liew affidavit from the same parties, which 
have been adduced to show that the acreage favor ot tbe cour - se 1 suggest. Other reasons may possib i y give bim occasion for a new dis- 
yield of the cereal crops on a farm is in pro- Wl11 readily present themselves to the mind of gu js e . i n the same supplement we shall notice 
portion to the quantity of roots produced; and the practical farmer, of which, having appro- the vile attack by Dr. Lee, and a few others 
this, to a certain extent, is undoubtedly true, printed my full share of space, T cannot now who seem to have thought that personal attacks 
We have, ourselves, earnestly advocated an in- speak. P. Kent. on the Editor might do away with the increas- 
erensed cultivation of Tnrnirvs: Imnmiivr thof ,T Webster, N. Y, May, 1854. ing influence of the Workina Farmer.” 
“ J. Harris. —We are more than surprised at 
finding the columns of the Rural New-Yorker 
again disgraced byacontiuued rhapsody of mis- 
vision fences should be taken up, and reset in a statcments trora this desperate adventurer. 
deal of vexation, to say nothing of pecuniary 
gain—which latter ought to have some weight, i 
even in these prosperous times for farmers. j 
then be broken bme made » ai *d discovered that the affida- 
, vit of twenty men, published by us in our 
Ihese changes .. , , , 
D March number, and which clearly established 
creased cultivation of Turnips; knowing that if 
they could be grown, and fed to stock, the 
fertility of the farm would be greatly increased 
But the fact that many of our best and most 
BUCKWHEAT TO KILL QUACK GRASS. 
on the Editor might do away with the increas¬ 
ing influence of the Working Farmer 
The defence we offered, he tells his readers, 
was, that the twenty men had sworn to the 
But the fact that many of our best and most T , -r, T1 , .. .. affidavit without understanding it. Now, we 
. . ... , ... .,*•*/. • Eds. Rural:— I have read with considerable ...... . „ . ° ’ 
intelligent practical agriculturists, ( American, ,. ^ , , believe that most ot the men—many of them 
„ f .. , . ° y ’ attention, your correspondents articles on the , . J .7 
extensively cultivated in this country. Good 
here in old Herkimer, that is better than un¬ 
derdraining, or summer fallowing. Under- 
ed Harris never visited the factory, they told 
crops of Ruta Bugas and Turnips have been draining ofitseIf) wiU uot kiU the “quack; but US that the ^' knew he did ’ in C0,n P a »y with 
1. __*1___1. _ _i O’ I ) U. TTT . . i.1__il. .. ± .1_.1_ , . 
raised, however, and there are those who assert summer fu ii owing wil i, if it is well attended to. Mr< Ward; the - y als0 said that the >’ thou S ht 
that our climate is as well suited to their growth The way we take to exterminate it, is simply IIarris had declared that the su Perpkosphate 
as that of the British Isles. The advantages to to “ choke it out,” by sowing a grain that has was made tVom un ° round hones-“shank 
be derived from a good supply of roots are so a rapid growth) and wil ich covers the ground b ones”-while our assertion was, that it was 
great and numerous, that we should not give SQ complete ly as to give the quack no chance ,nade frora iin S round animal charcoal. But 
up their cultivation without abundant proof for „ breathing.” This grain is Buckwheat. this uot our re P ! yi ifc was that Mapes had 
that they cannot profitably be grown. The mode of procedure is, to plow the altered his process of manufacture between the 
1 he first requisites in growing turnips are, ground in the fall, and again in the spring- period of our visit and the time of sweaiing 
good clean land, and as oui English correspond- then harrow the ground two or three time 4 - at the men. Ot this serious chuige, it will be 
ent termed it, “ Jlour-like tilth of the soil." intervals of two weeks, or oftener if the quack secn i be takes no notice. But he threatens us 
They should be sown in rows, say feet gr0 ws very fast; (be sure to keep the quack with a supplement, and a new affidavit, &c.— 
apart, and be thinned out in the rows from 12 down, so that the blades <t C l no more than Pbis * s a tav0ldte dod g e with the Professor, 
to 14 inches. This is very important Could tkree or f our inches lomO " Sow between the In his December number, in reply to articles 
summer fallowing will, if it is well attended to. ^ ^ougut 
The way we take to exterminate it, is simply IIarris liad declared that the superphosphate 
to “choke it out,” by sowing a grain that has was made from un ° round hones-“shank 
a rapid growth, and which covers the ground bones wbde our assertion was, that it was 
so completely as to give the quack no chance inade f [ om iinground animal charcoal. But 
for “ breathing.” This grain is Buckwheat. this was uot our ifc was that Mapes had 
The mode of procedure is, to plow the altered his process ot manufacture between the 
ground iu the fall, and aarain in the snrimr: P er ‘ od our visit and the time of swearing 
rows, say 2j feet grows very fast; (be sure to keep the quack ' y ith a supplement, and a new affidavit, &c. 
in the rows from 12 down, so that the blades get no more than ^ ds is a favorite dodge with the Professor. 
three or four inches long.) Sow between the k i s December number, in reply to articles 
a good superphosphate be obtained at a fair twelfth of June and the first of July. Use from a number of papers, instead of attempt- 
price, say per ton, we are persuaded, that half a bushel of seed more per acre than is usu- in S the Station of the charges brought 
drilled, with the seed, it could be used with ally sown. If the ground is not strong enough against him, he says:—“ We shall shortly pub- 
great profit for these crops; sown broadcast, t b bring a heavy growth of straw, use manure hsh, in pamphlet form, the certificates of those 
we should prefer Peruvian guano, especially for freely,—as the object is to promote a heavy who have used ifc > [ tlie improved superplios- 
Ruta Bagas. In England, Ruta Bagas are 
sown in April and May, common Turnips in 
May, June and July; here, the former should 
be sown the latter part of June, and the latter ,, t - ~ „ 
. T , . 1 > summer tallowing is, that summer fallowing 
in July, or even in August or beptember. It , . , ,. , 
J 0 1 only kills what quack is brought 011 top ot the 
is best to put ou plenty ot seed, say two pounds , , .1 1 , , 
. , 1 J , 1 ground by the plow and harrow: the rest is 
per acre, in order to prevent, as much as possi- , , , . 
r, . . ’ . r ,„ ’ ,. . , * left free to sprout and grow again, and as long 
ble, injury from the fly. I he bktrving s Ruta . , , . . .' . u . . 
’ J J * 0 nu if lina si (’hiiniv enrmit ir will rutsun IiPa 
growth of straw, that will effectually smother P ba te,] as to its practical effects, which will 
any plant that is under it. forever put at rest the illiberal doubts and 
The advantage this method has over that of '”ta-statement3 trumpeted before the readers of 
. . ., , „ ,, the Country Gentleman, Albany Cultivator, 
miner tallowing is, that summer tallowing J , 
, , , , . . , ,. , . Genesee Fanner, and the few other papers 
ly kills what quack is brought ou top ot the , . . ’ r 1 
, , , 1 , ,, . . who have copied them, 
ound by the plow and harrow: the rest is 1 
t free to sprout aud grow again, and as long ^ e bave waited six months for this pam- 
it has a chance to sprout, ic will retain life, phlct, but have not yet seen or heard anything 
as it has a chance to sprout, ic will retain life. 
Baga, though they contain more water than Buckwheat kyis it by stopping its lungs of 5t Would it not be well to give it in con- 
auy other variety, are trom their rapid growth, (leaveg * aud tbe next yeai . the ground wheu uection with the forthcoming supplement? We 
perhaps the best that can be sown. turned over will have the appearance of a half- do sincerely hope that it will be published at 
Mangel Wurzels are better adapted to this decayed straw-stack, thereby giving it an ex- an “ early date,” as we are very curious to see 
climate than Ruta Bagas or Turnips, while they cellent coat of manure. " j , v w how an affidavit can be drawn up that shall 
are much more nutritious, produce more to the Mohawk, June, 1864. in au y way successfully meet the charges 
acre, and are not injured by insects; but they re- -< • ♦ - brought against Mr. Mates’ veracity. It is 
quire very rich land. They should be sown Good Milking Breeds are distinguished by easy to call us “ a desperate adventurer,” an 
earlier than Ruta Bagas. Soaking the seed a soft and supple skin, and by tissues rather “unmitigated wholesale manufacturer of false- 
for 48 hours in tepid water is very beneficial, relaxed than rigid; are not hardy, or fit to hood,” &e., but this does not annoy us. It is 
and when sown late, should not be neglected, bear fatigue, (sweating easily, and falling rap- what we expect from auy unprincipled nianu- 
We repeat, clean culture, fine tilth and repeat- idly off when put to work;) are difficult to facturer, against whose commodity we have 
ed hoeing, constitute the three great elements keep, seldom fat, and have often little flesh on felt it a duty to caution the public, 
of success iu root culture. the buttocks. Mr. Mates has unusual advantages for driv- 
are much more nutritious, produce more to the 
acre, and are not injured by insects; but they re¬ 
quire very rich land. They should be sown 
cellent coat of manure. 
Mohawk, June, 1854. 
ing his business. He goes to the New York 
Farmers’ Club, pufl's his nun ire, end gets it 
inserted in the Tribune, the Banner of Indus¬ 
try, and other papers. He is also Editor of 
the Working Farmer, Practical Farmer, and 
Journal of Agriculture. He has, therefore, 
rare chances to puff his improved manure, 
seeds, plants, plows, &c. The community, 
thanks to the Agricultural Press, are now be¬ 
ginning to understand some of his tricks, and 
he is obliged to be a little more cautious; but 
even now he makes good use of his opportuni¬ 
ties. Let us take the If'orking Farmer for 
the present month, and in the first article on 
Dwarf Pears, he says:—“When treated with 
the improved superphosphate of lime, they 
may be cheaply and profitably raised.” Not 
otherwise, of course. In the second article on 
Grape-vines, he says:—“They should receive a 
weak solution of improved superphosphate of | ( 
lime.” In the third article, he says:—“A still ) ( 
better article for this second manuring, or top } ) 
dressing, [for corn or potatoes,] is the improv- ? ( 
ed superphosphate of lime.” Again:—“It ) ( 
will be found more economical than guano, ( > 
and more lasting in its effects.” In the next / c 
article, on the “ Care of Implements in Sum- S ; 
mer,” he says nothing of the improved super- ( < 
phosphate. We are somewhat surprised at ) / 
this. Why did he not recommend the “ im- ( i 
proved ” as an invaluable antiseptic paint?— ) \ 
The next article is about a wonderful kind of 
: Rhubarb which Mr. Mates has had for three ^ t 
years. Will the Professor tell us what he sells ) / 
the roots for? The next article says:—“The ( 
' improved superphosphate of lime, and many ) c 
other manures, are not volatile, but slowly s ) 
soluble, and thus may be applied without ad- ( < 
ditions,” &c. Then follow extracts from for- i ( 
eign papers, &c., most of which smack of su- < i 
perphosphate. Farther on, he says:—“ W r e ) ? 
have just received from the northern part of 
Germany, a large invoice of four new kinds of ( ) 
grapes, which we shall be ready to furnish to 7 
growers in the autumn at moderate prices .”— ( ( 
Farther on he copies au article on the value of > t 
bones, and adils:—“The above from the Hor- ( ) 
ticulturist, has been fully sustained by the ef- ) \ 
fects produced on grape-vines from the use of > ) 
the improved superphosphate of lime.” Thus, c S 
out of twelve editorial articles in the June > |c 
number of his paper, we get six puffs for the \ |> 
improved superphosphate, and one or two for ) 
other wares he has for sale. Indeed, he ap- i 7 
pears to publish the paper simply for this pur- t g 
pose. At all events, he is exceedingly careful / 
that nothing shall get into it that at all dispar S 6 
rages the use of the “ improved,” while every- r \ 
thing that is at all favorable is instantly copied. ) 7 
Thus, in the Rural of January 14, we pub- ( ii 
lished some experiments with superphosphate / I 
of lime on tobacco, from R. Linsley, Esq., of S l> 
New York. In the March number of the ? !\ 
Working Farmer, Mr. Mates refers to it, ; 7 
and says: C I? 
\ i) 
“ In another article, Mr. Harris speaks highly } I) 
of the effects of superphosphate of lirue on to- / 
hacco, and refers to his having recommended its ( J 
use for such purpose, in his paper in the State / < 
Report. If lie will inquire of the party w-ho < S 
used it so successfully, he will find it was the ( 7 
improved superphosphate of lime, and not, as lie < j> 
supposes, the superphosphate of lime used in S 7 
that case. We know- all about it, and unless he t A 
is careful, lie may again recommend our article ) 7 
by mistake.” ? A 
The following letter from Mr. Linsley will ( A 
show that, though Mr. Mates did “ know all ; 7 
about it,” he nevertheless misrepresented the v i> 
matter, and embraced the opportunity to give 
his improved superphosphate another puff: ) 7 
> 7 
Nsw York, March 30,1854, \ !) 
J. Harris, Esq.: Dear Sir — 1 noticed in the ( A 
last Working Farmer, the allusion to the experi- ( 7 
ment made oh tobacco with superphosphate of ( \ 
lime, intimating that it was made with the “ im- S ) 
proved superphosphate of lime” manufactured y' v 
by Professor Mates, and that he “knows all yi) 
about it.” I will only say that Mr. McOrkady, )! Y 
Mates’ agent and publisher of the Working (! » 
Farmer, called on me, and inquired if it was ) 7 
made w-ith Mates’ improved superphosphate of fjn 
lime that I purchased of him. / told him dis- V 7 
tincily that it was not; hut gave him no further ?j \ 
information ; and he could have know-n nothing V > 
more about it than what was conveyed in the 2! 
article in the Rural. This conversation was ( [ 
