•m 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
Communications* 
IOWA.—AGRICULTURAL QUALITIES, &C. 
Eds. Bural: —Having forpierly been a resi¬ 
dent of Western New York, and a patron of 
yours for some four years, I concluded that I 
might give some facts relative to Agriculture, 
&c., in Iowa, which would be interesting to 
many of your readers, and perhaps of material 
benefit to those who contemplate moving west. 
I do not expect that I am able to give in¬ 
struction to those who are already rich in this 
world’s comforts, neither do they need, nor 
would they heed if they did, from a poor man 
like me. But this is intended for those who 
are not well located east—and who do not 
wish to run in debt for a farm, thereby subject¬ 
ing themselves to a slavish life all their days to 
secure a home they can call their own—which 
latter, in my estimation, is one of the essentials 
to a man’s happiness. 
I sold a small farm in Wyoming Co., N. Y., 
for $2,400, which, together with my stock and 
farming tools, amounted to something over 
$3,000, and thought that I could do better 
with my money (in these railroad times) in the 
vicinity of the Mississippi River. After a good 
examination of the country, I finally located in 
the western part of Jackson Co., Iowa, and 
have been here now about one year. I bought 
400 acres of land—240 of prairie and ICO of 
timber with some improvements, for $1,400; 
paid $2,25 per acre to get 80 acres more of 
my prairie broke ready for a crop this last 
spring; paid $180 for a span of horses, £ 60 tor 
a yoke of steers, and $25 per head for cows, 
and $1,50 for sheep. 1 fenced ICO acres of 
j]iy prairie into four lots, which cost me about 
$100 to the mile, and built a small barn 26 
by 36 with an underground stable, at a cost of 
$150. I mention this to give those who in¬ 
tend settling west, an idea of the necessary ex¬ 
pense to commence farming here. 
Now for the country. The eastern portion 
of Iowa is generally more rolling than most of 
the prairie States, consequently giving more 
current to the rivers and small streams which 
protect the numerous bodies of timber from the 
prairie fires. We have a body of timber here 
between the forks of the Maquoketa River 30 
miles in length, and averaging 6 or 7 miles in 
width. This is one of the largest timbered 
tracts in the State; it contains eight different 
kinds of oak, black walnut, butternut, syca¬ 
more, cotton wood, linden, elm, hackberry and 
sugar maple, w'ith some white and black ash. 
Evergreen trees of all kinds are scarce. I 
cannot analyze the soil and give you the name 
^gricaltural Ulistrilitaj. 
BBCiraiAT AS A MANUK. 
Is it profitable to turn in bn 
reen clover, as a manure ? This 
buckwheat, or 
green clover, ns a manure i mis is a question 
concerning which there is a difference of opin¬ 
ion. Some say that green crops, such as clo¬ 
ver and buckwheat, if plowed in, will act as 
a profitable fertilizer—others say that they do 
not A question like this need not be a mat¬ 
ter of mere theoretical speculation or opinion, 
because it is susceptible of clear demonstra¬ 
tion. We propose to give experimental facts 
in answer to the aforesaid question. 
The crops most frequently employed for this 
purpose are clover and buckwheat. A practi¬ 
cal farmer made the following experiments 
with buckwheat, lie made his first experi¬ 
ment upon a field of clay-loam, which had 
been recently limed, and was by no means ex¬ 
hausted. The buckwheat was sown at the rate 
of 2£ bushels to the acre, as late as the 21st of 
July, and cut and plowed in on the 16th of 
September. Owing to dry weather, the wheat 
was not sown until the 2d of October. The 
crop was of excellent quality, and equally 
bulky in straw to the crop produced on similar 
soil where barn-yard manure had been used. 
The second experiment was made upon a 
field of dry,’ gravelly loam—one-half under 
summer-fallow, manured with buckwheat, the 
other half, decidedly the better land, was 
planted to potatoes. The field contained 18 
acres. The 9 acres planted to potatoes, were 
manured well before planting, and then after, 
before the wheat was sown. The other nine 
acres were sown w ith buckwheat, on the 4th of 
July. The quantity sown was twenty-three 
bushels. It was cut on the 27th of August. 
The crops produced on these fields were both 
good. The w heat raised on the ground pro¬ 
duced by plowing in the green crop, weighed 
more per bushel, and exceeded in quantity 5 £ 
bushels. 
The third experiment was made in a field of 
eight acres—the soil being of a sandy nature, 
partly clay, and had not been limed for many 
years. The crop was fully equal in bulk and 
quality to that produced on ground prepared 
by other manures. The luxuriant growth of 
buckwheat induced the experimenter to ascer¬ 
tain the weight per acre of the buckwheat 
plowed in—which he found equal to more 
than twelve tons. 
Another farmer says that he prepared a field 
for corn on this wise : one-half of it was sown 
to clover, and the next year, w'hen in full 
bloom, it was plowed in. The following 
year, the whole field was planted to corn—the 
other half being well fitted with barn-yard ma¬ 
nure. The corn planted on the clover ground, 
looked better when it first came up, and con¬ 
tinued so through the season, the difference be¬ 
ing so great that it was observed by passers 
by during the season. When harvested, the 
yield per acre was better where the clover was 
turned in than on the other half—though there 
was no perceptible difierence in the soil—the 
difference in the crops being caused by the mar 
of its component parts, but I can tell you what I nures-thus demonstrating that the green crop 
11 l was the better iertilizer. 
it produces, which may be as well for your 
readers. Spring wheat, corn, oats, timothy 
grass and tobacco grow here in earnest. Po¬ 
tatoes, onions and melons do the best here of 
any place I ever saw. 
Farming here is done in a careless manner 
at best, but there is more caution used to pre¬ 
vent too great a growth of straw than to en¬ 
courage it. For the crops 1 have mentioned 
above, Old Genesee flats cannot compete with 
us. All the natural elements appear to be in 
the soil for growing winter wheat, yet it is not 
a sure crop, on account of our having but little 
snow—not enough to protect the roots in win¬ 
ter. The soil is deep and rests upon limestone 
for a foundation. The surface is generally free 
from stone of any kind, except some points 
where the underpinning shows itself in curious 
shapes. Money readily commands 15 or 20 
per cent, interest, with good security. The 
climate somewhat resembles that of Oregon, 
being most of the time clear and dry, yet the 
heavy dews serve as a substitute for rains.— 
Railroads are pushing back from the Mississip¬ 
pi River at various points. We are on the 
line of the Iowa Central Air Line Railroad, 
running from Sabula, on the Mississippi, to 
Cedar Rapids. The job is let, and the con¬ 
tractors are just commencing operations. 
It is estimated that 50,000 persons settled 
in this State last year, and the land throughout 
.this country rises in value 100 per cent. 
John Watson. 
illaquoketa, Jackson Co., Iowa, 'July, 1854. 
Profit of Keeping Hens. —In a late No. 
-of the Rural, I observed a short article on 
the profits of keeping fowls, in which the 
writer estimates the number of eggs per year 
from each hen at two hundred. 
For eight years I kept a correct account of 
my (poultry affairs. I sometimes kept as many 
as three hundred hens. My product of eggs 
varied from forty-nine to ninety-one for each 
lien iduring the year, taking one year with an¬ 
other. Hens welLkept on corn and meal, and 
allowed full range one-half of each day, would 
average sixty eggs, and hatch a few chickens. 
With corn at fifty oe&ts.per bushel, and eggs 
at twelve cents per dozen, I could clear from 
twenty-five t© forty .cents per year on.each hen. 
c. p. s. 
Broom Corn.—A ton of Broom corn will 
make 1,200 or 1,300 brooms. It is worth $50 
a ton, beside the seed. It is a great crop in 
the Mohavvlc Y alley. 
The reason why clover and buckwheat are 
deemed preferable to (he cereals, to plow in 
as a manure, is owing to (he fact that they 
send their roots deep into the earth, and thus 
bring up the necessary mineral elements for the 
cereals. 
We have thus given some facts in answer to 
the question with which wc commenced. These 
statements introduce two considerations, both 
important. The first is that of summer-fal¬ 
lowing, concerning which there is a difference 
of opinion. The other is that of a rotation of 
crops, as above—silica plants alternating with 
lime plants. 
Remarks. —To our minds the above quoted 
experiments are far from conclusively proving 
the value of buckwheat when plowed in as a 
manure. In the first one, we do not know 
whether the farm-yard manure did any good or 
not, and therefore we cannot tell what increase 
is to be attributed to the buckwheat. As it 
was a clay soil, if the buckwheat was of any 
value, it might have been owing solely to its 
mechanical effects on the soil. In the second 
experiment, it would be reasonable to suppose 
that wheat, after a summer-fallow alone, would 
be better than after potatoes, which ever}' 
fanner knows to be a very impoverishing crop 
The third experiment is so vague as to be 
above criticism. 
It is true that buckwheat is botanically not 
a cereal; but it is so allied to them in general 
characteristics and chemical composition, that 
in the question of rotation it has been usually 
considered as one. No satisfactory experi¬ 
ments have yet been made that at all show 
what are the inanurial requirements of either 
Indian corn or buckwheat Yet th ey are, in 
many respects, so similar to the wheat plant, 
that it will require very conclusive experi 
ments to convince us that it is a good practice 
to grow either the one or the other simply to 
be plowed in as a manure for a wheat crop 
With clover the case is very different Ex 
periments and practical experience alike pro 
claim its value as a green crop for manure. We 
believe this is.owing, not so much to its being 
a lime plant, or to its sending down roots into 
the earth and bringing up minerals for the 
wheat plant, as to the simple fact that it does 
not destroy ammonia during its growth, while 
wheat, and probably buckwheat, oats, barley 
Indian corn, timothy, &c., do.—[Ena. - 
7'o cure the scratches on horses, wash the 
legs with wann strong soap suds, and then with 
beef brine. Two applications will cure the 
worst case. 
WHEAT A PURIFIER OF THE ATMOSPHERE. 
The following extract from a paper on the 
“ Comparative Fattening Properties of the va¬ 
rious Breeds of Sheep,” by John B. Lawes, 
Esq., of Rothamsted, England, contains some 
new views on an important subject which will 
be read with interest: 
“ Experiments conducted upon this farm for 
the purpose of ascertaining how much nitro¬ 
gen is converted into the flesh of the animal, 
prove that 100 lbs. increase live weight docs 
not contain more than 2 to 3 lbs. The nitro¬ 
gen, which is taken by the animal to make the 
increase, amounting from 17 up to 47 lbs., is 
converted, in its passage through the animal, 
into ammonia, every 14 lbs. forming 17 of am¬ 
monia, this ammonia being again employed in 
producing fresh vegetable matter; and here we 
obtain a glimpse of one of those beautiful laws 
by which the purity of the air is preserved.— 
It has been calculated that at the present time 
above 7,000,000 tons of oxygen gas are con¬ 
verted into carbonic acid gas daily by the poj>- 
ulation, the animals, and the various processes 
of combustion. As all these processes have 
been increasing daily since man was created, 
the atmosphere would become deteriorated, 
unless some compensation existed. Philoso¬ 
phers have shown us that it is the office of veg¬ 
etation to restore (he balance, that plants pos¬ 
sess the wonderful property of separating car¬ 
bon from its combination with oxygen gas, and 
restoring the latter in its pure state to the at¬ 
mosphere, and they point to (he great tracts of 
forest land in various parts of the world as the 
great sources of oxygen gas. To a thought¬ 
ful person it must, however, occur, that if the 
forests are the great sources from which oxy¬ 
gen gas is derived, two processes are going on 
at the same time, both of which tend to one 
result. The destruction of forests naturally 
and inevitably follows the increase of man and 
animals upon the earth; while, therefore, every 
day is adding to the amount of carbonic acid 
thrown into the atmosphere, the forests, which 
are supposed to be the great sources of oxy¬ 
gen gas, are becoming less and less in extent. 
The quantity of carbon fixed by vegetation on 
an acre of forest land has been ascertained by 
various chemists, and as they agree pretty well 
in the estimation, wo may conclude that it will 
not bo far from the truth to fix it at 1200 to 
1500 ibs. 
“The experiments upon the growth of wheat 
for eleven successive years, show that from 
2500 to 3000 lbs. of carbon can be produced up¬ 
on an acre by the supply of mineral salts and 
ammonia, substances which contain not a parti¬ 
cle of carbon in their composition. However 
contradictory it may appear, at first sight, to 
suppose that the forest trees towering towards 
the sky, and exposing an immeasurable surface 
of leaves to catch every passing breath of air, 
should extract less carbon, and purify less air 
than the humble wheat plant, yet such is un¬ 
doubtedly the case, and we must acknowledge 
the infinite wisdom of the Almighty, who in the 
cereal crops not only provides food for man, 
but that man must, in producing that food, at 
the same time purify the air which he is hourly 
(deteriorating. In the United States the same 
natural laws must produce the same effects they 
have m^Grefft Britain. Forests will disappear, 
and, as the population increases, land will be¬ 
come more valuable, and as a necessary se¬ 
quence it will be better cultivated—instead of 
14 or 16 bushels per acre, double that produce 
will be obtained, and consequently the plants 
on the same space of ground will purify a larg¬ 
er quantity of air. The greater portion of the 
carbon consumed by animals is either convert¬ 
ed into carbonic acid by respiration, or into 
food for man, who also converts it into carbon- 
acid; the residue, consisting principally of 
COARSE AND FINE WOOLED SHEEP. 
The following extract is from the address 
delivered before the Tompkins Co. Ag. Socie¬ 
ty, by the Hon. T. O. Peters; thus coming 
from one of our best authorities -tn sheep and 
wool matters, it will be road with interest 
In sheep, there is more certainty as to which 
breed will be the most valuable in any given 
position. Being divided into two distinct 
classes, fine and coarse, it is not difficult to de¬ 
cide upon their merits. Coarse wooled sheep 
are more valuable for their mutton than for 
their wool, while the reverse holds true in re¬ 
gard to the fine wooled sheep. Therefore the 
farmer who can keep but a few sheep, say from 
twenty to fifty, or even one hundred, should by 
all means keep the large coarse wooled mutton 
sheep. With this breed of sheep, a fanner 
who can manage to have a few lambs early in 
January, and will provide warm shelter and 
good food will find that his lambs will 
bring him four and most likely six dollars, at 
six months old; paying him better for his care 
than any stoed on the farm. Wethers of this 
breed when well fattened, will at three years 
old often bring as high a price as $18 per head 
in the New York markets. But when there is 
a wide range and a large flock, the fine wooled 
kinds are much to be preferred. There is one 
error into which many have fallen, on this sub¬ 
ject, which should be pointed out; it is the 
idea of a breed of sheep which will combine 
the properties of a mutton with those of a fine 
wooled sheep. The attempt has been made in 
England, and failed, and will everywhere. A 
fine wooled sheep secretes a larger amount of 
oil in its fleece, while that of the mutton sheep 
is dry. The reason is obvious. In the coarse 
wooled sheep, the food producing oil is secret¬ 
ed in the fat, while the same food in the other 
wasted in the wool. 
STATE AND COUNTY FAIRS FOR 1851. 
We publish a list of the State and County 
Agricultural Fairs for the present year, so far 
as they have been announced. We shall be 
obliged to the Secretaries of our County Soci-1 said he, “ 1 do as I was brought up by my father 
eties if they will send us information respecting 
their exhibition, &c. 
STATE FAIRS, 1854. 
Michigan, at Detroit,.Sept. 26 to 29. 
Ohio, at Newark,. “ 19, 20, 21, 22 
Vermont, at lirattleborough,.. ...... “ 13, 14, 15 
Illinois, at Springfield. “ 12, 13, 14, 15 
Pennsylvania,. “ 27, 28, 29 
ew York, at New York,.Oct. 3, 4, 5, 6. 
Connecticut, at New Iiaven,. . 
Indiana, at Madison,. 
Iowa, at Fairfield. 
Wisconsin, at Watertown. 
New Hampshire. 
Maryland, at Baltimore,. 
Georgia, at Augusta,. 
Springfield Cattle Show, Ohio,. 
Missouri, at Boonville,.. . 
Lower Canada, at Quebec,. 
Upper Canada, at London. . . 
salts of ammonia and mineral matter, are re¬ 
stored to the soil, and by their influence enable 
the plants to decompose fresh portions of car¬ 
bonic acid.” 
COOL FARM-YARDS FOR SUMMER FEEDING. 
J. J. Meciiie. the celebrated “ razor-strop 
farmer,” of Tiptrel Hall, Essex, England, who 
soils his cattle, and forces the manure in 
liquid state, through iron pipes, by steam, all 
over the farm,—with whose doings, sayings, rec¬ 
ommendations, successes and failures, our read 
er scannot but be well acquainted, (as lie is better 
known and esteemed on this side of the Atlan 
tic than in his own country)—thus writes to 
the Gardeners' Chronicle: 
One of the greatest difficulties in feeding is 
the reconciliation of winter and summer—the 
Scvlla and Charybdis of graziers. The roofs 
of my house and buildings look now as cold as 
winter, and as white as snow, having been 
limewashed by my farm laborers. The result 
is a pleasing and profitable temperature; for 
when the sun shines, every slate is cold, except 
those unlimed, which are scarcely cool enough 
to bear one’s hand. The heat is reflected in 
stead of absorbed, by the whitened surfaces.— 
The same principle is advantageously applica 
ble to our towns, where the upper rooms and 
attics are insufferably hot during the summer 
months. This coolness causes a remarkable 
diminution of flies. Flies will not readily 
alight on the whitened walls and slating, and 
when they do, fall a more ready prey to the 
swallows. Rain will not wash off the lime, but 
the frosts of winter will remove it, and with it 
any vegetable matter that may have grown on 
tiles or slates, thus giving , to old roofs a new 
appearance. The affair of cost is trifling—the 
comfort great; the same remark applies to sta¬ 
bles. In South Wales, the roofs of houses, ’ 
am told, are all limewashed. A slight coat of 
white paint answers well. Of course, every 
one lime washes the inside of cattle sheds, cel 
lars, stables, Ac., once a year. This is my sec¬ 
ond year’s experience in this matter. 
Mh.let. —Millet is an exceedingly whole¬ 
some and nutritious food for chickens, as 
contains a high proportion of nitrogenous or 
flesh-forming food. 
As a digester, as some not appropriately 
call it, cheese—that which is decayed and 
mouldy being preferred by connoisseurs—is 
often eaten after dinner. The action which 
experience seems to have proved it to possess, 
in aiding the digestion of what has previously 
been eaten, is both curious and interesting, and 
has had some light thrown upon it by recent 
chemical research. When the curd of milk 
is exposed to the air in a moist state, for a 
few days, at a moderate temperature, it begins 
gradually to decay, to emit a disagreeable odor, 
and to ferment. When in this state, it pos¬ 
sesses the property, in certain circumstances, 
of inducing a species of chemical change and 
fermentation in other moist 1 substances with 
which it is mixed, or is brought into contact. 
It acts after the same manner as sour leaven 
does when mixed with sweet dough. 
Now, old and partially decayed cheese acts 
in a similar way when introduced into the 
stomach. It causes chemical changes gradu¬ 
ally to commence, among the particles of the 
food which has previously been eaten, and thus 
facilitates the dissolution which necessarily 
precedes digestion. It is only some kinds of 
cheese, however, which will effect this purpose. 
Those are generally considered the best in 
which some kind of cheese mould has establish¬ 
ed itself. Hence the mere eating of a morsel 
of cheese after dinner does not necessarily pro¬ 
mote digestion. If too new, or of improper 
quality, it will only add to the quantity of food 
with which the stomach is already overloaded, 
and will have to await its turn for digestion by 
the ordinary process .—Chemistry of Common 
Life. _ i _ 
HOEING CORN. 
Some ask how many times it is best to hoe 
corn and other crops. The best answer to that 
question was given us a few days since, by a 
farmer whom we had observed often at work 
in a field of corn in sight of our window. In 
going over the piece with him, and remarking 
the remarkable growth, we asked him how 
many times he usually hoed his corn. “ Why,” 
... “ 10, 11, 12, 13 
... “ 4, 5, 0, 
, . . « 25. 
. . « 4, 5, 6, 7 
. . “ 3, 4, 6, 6 
... “ 3, 4, 6, 6 
... « 23, 24, 25, 20 
27, 28 
. . “ 25, 26, 27 
... “ 2 to 6. 
. .Sept. 12, 13, 14, 15 
. . . « 26, 27,28, 29. 
N. Y. COUNTY FAIRS, 1854. 
Putnam, at Carmel,.Sept. 26, 27. 
Seneca, at Seneca Falla,. 
Washington, at North White Creek,... 
attaraugus, at Little Valley,. 
Chautauque, at Mayville. 
ranklio, at Malone..... . . .. 
Jefferson, at Watertown,. 
Albany,... 
Dutchess, at Washington Hollow,. . .. 
Oneida, at Rome.7. 
Columbia,;it Chatham Four Corners,.. 
Delaware, at Delhi.. 
Rensselaer, at l.ansingburgh,. 
Farmers’ Society at Morris,. 
to do. lie never had any particular number 
of times, but hoed it all he could. 1 find it 
grows faster, and stands dry weather bettor, 
the oftener it is hoed.” This is the true phi¬ 
losophy of culture; stir the ground. The di¬ 
rection for early and good crops, after the 
proper previous preparation, would be to stir 
the ground. Crops are like animals—they 
need petting and care. A friend was remark¬ 
ing to us, one evening, the difference in the 
growth of melon vines in a neighbor’s garden 
and his own, side by side, of the same kind of 
soil and both rich, with the same kind of prep¬ 
aration for the seed, and the seed sown at the 
salne time. The neighbor’s melons were in 
blossom, while his own, he said, were but three 
or four inches in height. The difference has 
been produced by the constant labor and care 
of the gardener in stirring the ground aud reg¬ 
ulating the amount of sun and shade, air and 
moisture they receive .—Hampshire Express. 
21 , 22 . 
20 , 21 . 
21 , 22 . 
26, 27, 28. 
24, 26, 26, 27 
19 , 20 , 21 . 
29, 30. 
20 , 21 . 
19, 20, 21. 
20 , 21 . 
To Cure Sore Teats.— Take some linseed 
oil, after milking, and wet the teats for a lew 
nights. 
Jnqnirifs uni) ^.n,steers. 
The Potato Disease. —After a series of 
lengthened investigations upon this subject by 
several members of the British Meteorological 
Soc’y, the following conclusions were arrived at: 
That the vital energy of the potato is unim¬ 
paired, and that it never becomes diseased un¬ 
til the stage of flowering, which is about one 
hundred days, or about three months, from the 
time of planting; that the causes are simulta¬ 
neous iu their action over a large tract of 
country, and at greater distances, and are pe¬ 
culiar to the soil and air. The conditions of 
the former are too rich and too much manure, 
too poor soils, and such as are moist and clayey; 
and of the latter barometrical and thermal 
About Iowa. —Having something of the west¬ 
ern fever, and wishing to know more about the 
Western States, especially Iowa, with regard to 
agricultural interests, and knowing that some 
information might be obtained from an agricul¬ 
tural paper printed in that section, it would be 
quite a favor if you or some of your readers 
would inform me through the Rural, of the 
name and place of the best agricultural paper 
printed in that State or vicinity. I should also 
be glad, for one, to hear through the Rural 
from some of your readers who live in Iowa, or 
have been there, with regard to the most, im¬ 
portant interests of the State, such as Educa¬ 
tion, Agriculture, Manufactures, Ac.— A Sub- 
8CRIB F.R. 
One of our Iowa subscribers has anticipated 
some of the above inquiries, by furnishing an 
article which we publish in another column.— 
As the information desired would interest 
business in potatoes. More than two thousand 
barrels are regularly sent by each steamer to 
New York. The average quantity sent per 
day to Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York, 
is about one thousand six hundred barrels. 
The Baltimore boats cannot take on board 
near as many barrels as are sent to the depot 
They sell readily at Norfolk at $4 per barrel, 
and command a handsome profit in the North¬ 
ern markets. The Norfolk Beacon says that 
Mr. Dundcn raised from twenty-five bushels of 
states, and hygrometrical condition, with south¬ 
ern directions of the wind and atmospheric man , 7 0 f our readers, we hope some Iowa friend 
zone. That the object of the agriculturist . . ., ,. , 
ought to be the proper cultivation of the soil, Wl11 res I )0,ld concerning other particulars, 
and an endeavor to economize the vital power The Iowa Farmer and Horticulturist, ed- 
of the plant at the time of flowering; and the Red by J. W. Crimes and J. F. T allant, and 
removal of the Jlower before the formation of published monthly at Burlington—$1 a year— 
is the paper our friend wants. It is a capital 
Rotators f„oh the South. -The Norfolk joarnri, ably edited mid neatly printed and 
(Va.) Argus states that the farmers and others ought to circulate largely at home and abroad 
in that city and vicinity are now doing a large Agriculturists looking Iowaward, will do well 
to send for the Farmer; and certainly every 
Iowa farmer or horticulturist should give it his 
support. 
Legal Weight ok Grain in New York.—W ill 
you please give in the Rural the Legal Weight 
of all kinds of Grain, in accordance with the 
Statutes of this State ? There lias been consid¬ 
erable dispute, at times, upon the subject,- 
some contending that oats weigh 32 fbs. per 
Irish potatoes, for which he gave $1,50 per bushel, others 36 lbs., Ac..— II. R. S. Caneculca, 
bushel, a crop which sold for $806. After ^ y 
paying expenses, the net profit amounted to 
$698. The same paper states that on Tliurs- Turning tiik Horns ok Cattle. 1 have a 
day one farmer had sent $1,140 worth of cu- two-year old steer whose horns are inclined to 
cumbers to Philadelphia and Baltimore. 
The Toronto Daily Colonist of the 5th inst. 
says:—“The cutting of hay is now going on 
throughout the country, and it is generally a 
good crop. The wheat crop also will be good. 
There seems to be an unusually large quantity 
of ground under preparation for Fall wheat 
this season, in the neighborhood of this city, 
and we are informed that it has seldom been 
in better order. The fruit crop will be unusu¬ 
ally abundant.” 
turn downwards. Is there no method by which 
they can be made to turn upwards? If there is, 
will you, or some of your correspondents, tell 
me how it is done,?—A Young Farmer, Cazcno- 
t da, N. Y, June It, 1854. 
Stump Machine. — Can you, or some of your 
correspondents, give a plan for a Stump Ma¬ 
chine? The one given in the Rural of Feb. 11 
could not be used where the stumps were some 
distance apart.—C. G. 8., Mishawaka, lnd. 
