238 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
Bat we must, not dwell on this interesting sub¬ 
ject; and only allude to these facts as collateral 
evidence of the correctness of an opinion, 
formed from scientific experiments, that all 
“ exhausted soils ” are deficient in organic, 
rather than inorganic matter. 
But, though Mr. Moke raised his farm to 
high productiveness by the growth of clover, 
he does not now covfine himself to this means 
of enriching the soil. This year he has used 
four tons of Peruvian guano. He used con¬ 
siderable last year, and was satisfied that it 
was a “ splendid manure,” while superphosphate 
of lime did no good. (Is not this additional 
confirmation that it is organic, not inorganic, 
matter that is wanted, and also that it is am¬ 
monia and not carbon which is the valuable 
part of this organic matter?) This year Mr. 
M. has sown 800 lbs. per acre on five acres of 
carrots, which look well, as indeed they should 
" from such a dressing. On corn, 250 tbs. per 
acre, on the poorest soil in the field, gives 
promise of a greatly increased crop. The line 
of demarkation between the guanoed and un¬ 
guanoed portion of the field, is most distinctly 
visible at a considerable distance,— the plants 
on the guanoed portion being at least six inch¬ 
es higher and of a darker green color than 
that where no guano was used; while another 
portion of the field dressed with barn-yard 
manure, spread on the surface, shows, at pres¬ 
ent, no improvement over the part where noth¬ 
ing was used. Last fall, one acre was dressed 
with thirty loads of barn-yard manure, and six 
acres with 250 lbs. of guano, and all sown to 
w'heat—the wheat winter-killed, and the field 
was sown to oats this spring. The oats on the 
guanoed part looked quite as well as on the 
manured portion. 
Mr. More thinks highly of the bean crop. 
ITe has fifteen acres this year, which look re¬ 
markably well; in fact, we never saw better. 
They were planted the last week in May; rows 
thirty-three inches apart and two feet in the 
rows, with six plants in a hill. Mr. M. has had 
thirty-one bushels per acre, but considers 
twenty-five a good crop. He thinks the fodder 
equal to good hay. One portion of his fifteen 
acre field of beaus was after a two-year-old 
clover sod; another portion after oa-ts without 
any manure, and the remainder after oats which 
were dressed with 250 lbs. of guano per acre. 
The beans after the unmanured oats were good, 
but there was a decided improvement both on 
the part after the clover sod and where the 
oats were guanoed. Why do not farmers 
raise more beans? They are a profitable crop, 
and probably less impoverishing to the soil 
than any other except clover and pens. 
Mr. More uses mules, preferring them alto¬ 
gether to horses. He has one pair for which 
he paid' $500, which are the finest we have 
seen. 
Owing to the severe weather last winter, Mr. 
M. lost quite a number of the finest varieties 
of his dwarf pears. He is afraid that they 
will not prove so valuable as on the pear 
stock. His gooseberries, of which he has a 
large quantity, are very badly mildewed. Cur¬ 
rants he makes into wine, which sells readily 
at $1,50 p n r gallon. Asparagus he finds quite 
profitable, having sold for several years $100 
worth from a quarter acre. 
WEATHER AND CROPS IN STEUBEN. 
Ens. Rural: —We are experiencing a deso¬ 
lating drouth. Since early in May there has 
been nothing like a respectable rain. Wheat, 
grass, and spring grains are scarcely a one- 
third yield, and will be hardly sufficient for 
home consumption. Even corn, which did look 
well, is giving out, and without rain very so<.n 
will have to be cut up for fodder. Indeed, 1 
hear that some has been already secured.— 
Wells, which never failed before, are dry.— 
Forests are on fire in different places about’ 
and green pine and hemlock trees of stately 
size are burned out at the roots and felled to 
the ground. The later sown crops, such as 
buckwheat, turnips, &c., have a sorry look.— 
The prospect ahead is gloomy enough—worse 
by far than ever was known before. We have 
heard of such drouths elsewhere, but never be¬ 
fore experienced one here. Pasture is nothing 
•—the wonder is how stock live at all—and 
farmers are selling as fast as they can. For 
several days the mercury has ranged from 90° 
to 104°, and no present prospect of an abate¬ 
ment of the heat. 
Am happy that it is not everywhere as here 
and hope those localities that have been bless¬ 
ed with genial showers and general rains, will 
have a feeling of sympathy for us, sweltering 
under a scorching sun, upon barren soil, with 
the ghost of maturing debts without the where¬ 
withal to meet them, agitating our daylight 
meditations, and disturbing our midnight 
dreams. The counsel of the Rural to farmers 
to raise as much as possibie, in view of the 
prospective prices tor agricultural products, 
and the timely hints therein put forth in refer¬ 
ence to the manner uud mode of increasing the 
yield and enhancing the profits of farm labor, 
are lost to us for this year of grace 1854. 
Prattsburgh, Sl«ul>eu Co., July, 21, 1854. W. B . P. | 
LETTER FROM YATES CO.—THE CROPS, &C. 
Mr. Moore :—How do you stand it to be 
pent up within the brick and mortar walls of 
the city, this extremely hot, dry, famishing 
weather ? We boys, back in the rural fields’ 
where fresh air is a common element, think it 
fatiguing and uncongenial to nature’s designs. 
Hence, what can be your answer ? 
Wheat is nearly harvested. The ravages of 
its enemies are not apparently so destructive as 
many imagined. The weevil, the chief of its 
enemies, is bad—more destructive iu some lo¬ 
calities than others. I notice that wheat 
grown on elevated lands is less injured. One 
great cause, and probably the only one, why 
wheat is so little injured, compared to last sea¬ 
son, is the extreme hot, dry weather, and the 
brisk, continuous breezes, which have served 
as a barrier against its destruction in a very 
great measure. 
Barley is light. There are several peices 
which have passed my observation that are 
not worthy the reaper ; while many other 
fields are fair. This is owing to the drouth 
which has been almost perpetual since the fore 
part of May, with the exception of one tre¬ 
mendous shower of rain and hail, which lasted 
an hour or more. This did not, however, reach 
all parts of the county. Where it was severe, 
it did some damage to corn, by washing the 
uneven portions of fields away. It is weli 
headed, and will yield well for the season. It 
is fit, and being harvested. 
Corn, as the Hoosiers say, “looks sorry.”— 
It came up very uneven, except that which 
was planted early. The early planted looks 
well for the drouth it has thus far encountered. 
But now its leaves roll under the dry, parching 
rays of the sun, and I notice it begins to be 
impervious to the moisture of night. Can it 
survive long? 
Oats, potatoes, <fcc., bear as marked au affin¬ 
ity to sorry as their kindred. 
Grass is very light, with a few rare excep¬ 
tions. Pasturage is almost or quite a nonen¬ 
tity with us. 
July 15th, I passed through the towns of 
Gorham, Hopewell, Phelps, and Manchester, 
Ontario county, which I found to have been 
more favored with rain, although dry now— 
Wheat was nearly all harvested. I should 
judge from what I saw standing, and from in¬ 
formation, that the crop is quite encouraging. 
Barley looked well—also corn looked thrifty, 
though not large. The book of books prom¬ 
ises us a “seed time and harvest,” and we 
should willingly rest content in the fulfilment 
of our duty, and leave the things of fate in the 
hands of Him who doeih all things well. 
At Clitfon Springs, the lovers of luxury and 
ease, as well as those of good health, are 
thronging the public retreats, both medically 
and pleasurably. Frieud Parke’s house, and 
the Water Cure, are full. Edwin Croswei.l, 
of Albany, is staying at the Cure, and is meas¬ 
urably regaining his health. Polixity is a bore, 
therefore 1 bring these hasty notes to a close. 
Respectfully, C. W. Hobart. 
Yatesville, July 18, 1854. 
FIELD TURNIPS. 
Mr. Moore: —As the time has arrived for 
commencing to sow turnip seed for main or 
field crops, I wish to suggest to those interest¬ 
ed, that this crop should not be neglected.— 
Those who have not reserved land exclusively 
for turnips, should not fail to sow their corn 
fields. 1 raise all my turnips among my corn. 
Seed may be sown from this date to the 15th 
of August, but generally the seed should be 
sown before the 1st of August, or as soon af¬ 
ter the 25th of July as favorable weather 
comes. I have, however, had good crops 
from seed sown as late as the 15th of August. 
In corn fields it is best to sow a day or two 
or just before a shower. It will not be neces¬ 
sary to plow nor rake the seed in, unless the 
soil is baked. If from any cause all my tur¬ 
nips are not large enough to pull when the 
time comes for that labor, I turn my sheep in 
and let them do the work. It gives them a 
fine start for winter. There is no crop that 
pays me so large a per cent, on cost as the tur¬ 
nip. A. Subscriber. 
Hendon, N. Y., July 15, 1854. 
-♦ .- 
Sowing Turnips. —I)o not forget that about 
the last of July is a good time to sow a patch 
of common turnips. The soil for turnips 
should be moist, rich and mellow. Ground 
where corn has failed, or stands too thin, will 
answer, if clear of weeds and well stirred.— 
Or, a piece cf clean wheat stubble may be 
plowed for the purpose ; also, patches in the 
garden where peas or early potatoes have been 
harvested. Turnip seed is plenty and cheap in 
most stores where seeds are sold. It is best to 
buy enough at once to re-sow with in case dry 
weather or the fly should destroy the first sow¬ 
ing. The seed, if fresh, will keep for three or 
four years.— Ohio Cult. 
The Wheat .Crop has all been gathered 
in Ohio, and is much better than was anticipar 
ted. We felt sure that the accounts of the 
ravages of the .fly were greatly exaggerated, 
and we could now publish two columns of ex¬ 
tracts on the subject from our exchanges, 
which would materially modify those published 
two weeks since.— 'OhioFarmer, Fid 
STOCK FOR THE WEST. 
Mr. J. W. Dickinson, formerly of Caledonia, 
N. Y., now of Hillsdale, Mich., is at present 
in this section selecting blooded stock for the 
AYest. In April last, as was stated in our daily 
papers, Mr. D. sent to Hillsdale a superior 
stock of Draught breeding mares, numbering 
some fifteen or eighteen. More recently he 
selected from the fine herd of Mr. E. P. Beck, 
of Wyoming, several head of thorough bred 
Devons, for the purpose of breeding them pure 
and distinct. He has also obtained a number 
of Durhams from the choice herds of the Gen¬ 
esee A r alley, all of which, in such hands, will 
eventually prove of great benefit to the far¬ 
mers of the West. Mr. D. is an intelligent and 
enterprising farmer, and has purchased a large 
tract of land, with the intention of breeding 
improved stock extensively, lie will be very 
likely to convince our Michigan friends that 
some things can be done better than others.— 
May success crown his efforts. 
By the way,—speaking of Stock and the 
AYest,—the farmers of Mich., Ind., Ill., AATs., 
and Iowa, are making rapid progress in the 
matter of introducing and rearing improved 
animals of the various breeds. Ohio, hereto¬ 
fore the great Stock State of the AA r est, must 
look to her herds and flocks, or she will soon 
be distanced by competitors who have recent¬ 
ly entered the arena. The cheap lands, and 
railroad facilities for reaching market, give our 
friends in what was but a few years ago term¬ 
ed the “Far AYest,” peculiar advantages for 
the production and transportation of live stock, 
meats, and the products of the dairy. And the 
present and prospective demand and prices in¬ 
dicate that the business will continue profitable. 
Cost of Importing Stock. —The cost of im¬ 
porting stock from Great Britain to this coun¬ 
try by steamer, including commission, insur¬ 
ance, keep on board and freight, is, for a horse, 
$305; for a cow, $250. By a sailing vessel, 
it would be from $50 to $75 less. This ap¬ 
pears high, yet, we believe, all the Importing 
Companies have made money. The Tuscararas 
(Ohio) Stock Company have recently sold their 
imported stock at au advance of 15 per cent, 
while s( m3 companies have made enormous 
profits. 
BASIS OF GOOD FARMING. 
Mr. Isaac Moore, who farms one hundred 
and fifty aertjj of clay loam, with limestone 
diffused through it and in position (and surely 
no better soil cQuld be desired than this,) on 
Clover street Brighton, near Rochester, N. Y., 
writes us that his usual averages per acre are 
as follows: * 
Indian Corn —75 bushels; extra yields, 80, 
90 to 100. 
Potatoes —formerly 250 to 400 bushels; lat¬ 
terly 200. 
Wheat —(20 acres,j 25 to 35 and 40 bushels, 
rarely 50. 
Oats —(little sown) once 489 bushels from 
five acres; seed 82 bushels. 
Hay —2 to 3 tons; once tons. 
These are large crops; and we are not sur¬ 
prised to learn that Mr. Moore has built the 
“ Clover Street Seminary,” and endowed a Pro¬ 
fessorship out of the profits of such farming.— 
But how he does it is the important point.— 
The natural richness of his soil is undoubted; 
but a majority of farmers on just such soil do 
not obtain half so large crops. Here is the ex¬ 
planation: 
“ I never sell straw; this goes back in some 
shape to the land. My barn-yard yields me 
many hundred wagon loads of manure; what I 
fail to gat on to my lands in the spring of the 
year, 1 keep as a ‘ bank deposit’ till autumn. 
But clover and plaster are the great fertili¬ 
zers of the soil of AVestern New York. AYhen 
1 sow wheat, oats or barley, 1 sow ten to twelve 
pounds of clover to the acre. Any farmer who 
will follow this process for fertilizing need never 
go to Peru to obtain guano. His farm will 
never run down. I have cultivated roots but 
little. AVhat I have done I have found profit¬ 
able. Many neighboring farmers cultivate 
largely of carrots, beets and turnips for stock 
and teams.”— JY. Y. Tribune. 
Handsome Corn. —Messrs. H. Nason & Co., 
offered on ’Change to-day a sample of 20,000 
bushels of western corn, the finest parcel which 
has been exhibited this season. The color is a 
very bright yellow, and the corn is not only 
sound, but very clean. It came from Mason 
Co., Illinois, and we take the more pains to no¬ 
tice it, because of our former articles in refer¬ 
ence to the slovenly manner in which most of 
the western corn is mixed and prepared for 
market This sample in question would have 
brought to-day fully 8 cents per bushel above 
the best sample of western mixed offered. If 
farmers at the west could see the importance of 
cleaning their grain, and forwarding it in good 
condition, they might enhance its value here 
sufficiently to cover all the commissions uud 
charges at this port.— JY. Y. Jour. Com. 
High Manuring. —Prof. Nash, in a recent 
letter to the Connecticut Valley Farmer, of 
which he is the Editor, writes that in England, 
by high manuring, fairly beating the ground 
with manures, making it like a hot bed, many 
farmers manage to get two crops a year from 
most of their land. A Mr. Adams last year 
raised two crops of potatoes on 350 acres, 
equivalent to one crop on 700 acres. So too 
of onions. He plants these two crops about 
the first of January and J uly. 
GRAND NATIONAL CATTLE SHOW. 
A National Cattle-Show will be held on 
the 25th, 26th, and 27th days of October, un¬ 
der the direction of the United States Agricul¬ 
tural Society, in the city of Springfield, Clark 
county, Ohio. No less than six thousand dol¬ 
lars will be distributed in premiums, for the 
best stock of the various breeds of cattle there 
exhibited. AYe commend it to the attention of 
all who can be present. 
The following circular has been issued in re¬ 
lation to the proposed Exhibition: 
The Executive Committee of the United 
States Agricultural Society have beeu careful 
to select a time that will not, so far as they are 
aware, conflict with any of the State Fairs or 
other meetings of general interest; and after 
due deliberation have selected this place as the 
most eligible for holding the Cattle Fair.— 
Springfield is centrally located as regards the 
cattle region; it is most convenient of access by 
railroad from almost every point of the com¬ 
pass. The means for accommodating, at very 
moderate charges, a large number of persons, 
are ample. Private houses will be opened for 
the reception of guests. There are also 
eighteen cities and towns within an hour’s ride 
on the railroads, on which extra trains will be 
placed to accommodate such as wish to go else¬ 
where for lodgings. 
About twenty acres of ground have been en¬ 
closed, and more than three hundred stalls will 
be prepared for the shelter of cattle during the 
Convention. 
It is expected that very liberal arrangements 
will be made by all the railroad companies, 
both for the transportation of cattle and the 
conveyance of passengers to and from the Fair 
AYe respectfully solicit your attendance on 
the occasion, and that you will furnish 
such aid as you may feel disposed iu mak¬ 
ing known the objects, time, and place 
of the Convention; and if you have improved 
stock of cattle, of any description, we cordially 
invite you to enter them for competition. 
A list of premiums and a cbpy of regulations 
will shortly be published. 
J. T. AVardkr, j 
C. M. Clark, > Local Ex. Com. 
Chandler Bobbins, ) 
SOUTH DOWN SHEEP. 
Mr. T. B. Buffum, of Newport, R. I., in a 
late number of the New England Farmer, thus 
speaks of this breed of sheep :—“ I keep 
South Down sheep, and like them much ; they 
are quiet, thrifty, and handsome. I sold to one 
of my neighbors 26 last fall, and a short time 
since I called to see them, and they had 48 as 
fine lambs as need be ; one sheep had three, 
and all doing well. 1 sold the wether lambs 
from them last year at $4 per head, to the 
butcher—my neighbor will probably get more 
than that for them this year (and there is no 
doubt at all but he can if he chooses). AVe 
will say that lie gets $200 for lambs, and allow 
say $40—a low figure—for wool, gives $240, 
a handsome return for only 26 sheep. The 
sheep were nearly all half blood, except three, 
perhaps, that were nearly full bred. I have 
now a Hock of full blood consisting of 30, that 
have now living and about two months old, 48 
lambs (if I count right), the same number as 
my neighbor gets from his 26 mixed breed.— 
The mixed breed seem as hardy, and about as 
productive, as the full bloods ; perhaps they 
are more profitable for practical purposes, as 
they generally shear considerably heavier flee¬ 
ces. I get more for my lambs when 1 sell 
them, on account of the breed. I sold all the 
bucks I had last year, at prices varying from 7 
or 8 to 25 dollars, as for quality and size, and 
bought one of L. G. Morris, for $50. I have 
this year a few nice lambs sired by an import¬ 
ed buck now owned by J. Thorne, of Duchess 
county, that sold in England lor $650 ; they 
are good lambs, but a stranger could not, I 
think, select them from among the others.” 
OLD TURKEYS BEST FOR RREEDERS. 
Every turkey breeder is not aware of it 
but it is a fact, that of either sex, one old tur¬ 
key is worth two yearlings for rearing young 
ones. A turkey does not arrive at its full 
growth and maturity till the next fall after 
two years old, and of consequence, to its full 
strength and vigor for breeding iu the best, 
possible manner. The continual repetition of 
keeping young gobblers and pullets for breed¬ 
ing, as some people do, reduces the size of their 
young until they arrive at scarcely half the 
weight they should do. Besides, the young of 
these immature birds are exceedingly tender, 
and much more difficult to raise than of old 
birds. AYe have tried this thing thoroughly, 
and are convinced of the difference. Were we 
to choose our birds for the best breeding, both 
cocks and hens should not be less than three 
years old, and then the cock should be from a 
different stock from the hens. AYe think tur¬ 
key’s bear breeding from close affinities less 
succesfully than any other fowl—at least we 
found it so—and we would never breed a cock 
to hens very closely related, if it could be 
helped.— American Agriculturist. 
AYhey for Figs. —A neighbor, extensively 
engaged in the manufacture of cheese, uses 
the whey of his dairy, with an admixture of 
meal from corn, oats, and any grain that he 
has to spare, as feed for his pigs, and thinks 
that they thrive upon it very much indeed.— 
The meal is sometimes stirred into the whey in 
the raw state; at other times it is boiled in the 
whey, making a thin pudding; and at other 
times still, the whey is heated and poured up¬ 
on the meal, and then stirred. A little salt is 
used in the latter modes of preparing this food, 
about as much as would make a pudding pal¬ 
atable to human beings. Do not many waste 
their whey? Might not those who* make 
cheese on a large scale, make the raising and 
fatting of pigs au appropriate accompaniment 
to their dairy business?— Country Gent. 
A SHAKER BARN. 
The Enfield Shakers are building a granite 
barn for their cows. It is to be two hundred 
and fifty feet in length, fifty feet wide, and will 
probably cost $1.5,(TOO. Mr. Elkins, the archi¬ 
tect, gives the following description of the ed¬ 
ifice: 
“ The location and arrangements of this barn 
edifice, are in many respects admirable. Its 
outter walls are of stone and its roof of slate. 
It is located across a gent le ravine, opening 
from bank to bank, and is so arranged that 
teams laden with hay or straw, may enter at 
either gable, precipitate the load to the bay 
below, pass on, and make their egress at the 
other end. Such a situation has enabled them 
to extend a cellar its whole length for t he re¬ 
ception of the manures, both solid and liquid, 
which are kept from filtration or otherwise es¬ 
caping downwards by a plank floor laid upon 
a stratum of clay, wrought as a bed of mortar. 
The descent of the ground upon the back part 
of the barn renders ingress and egress to and 
from the cellar convenient and easy for carry¬ 
ing pond mud and manure. The cows will be 
tethered all upon the south side of the barn, 
and in one continuous longitudinous stable six¬ 
teen feet in width, with walls plastered inward¬ 
ly with lime mortar, and leaving a wall behind 
the gutters, of four feet in width, and a corri¬ 
dor or passage between the cribs and mows 
upon the north side, (which mow preserves the 
warmth of the barn throughout,) sufficiently 
wide for a horse and cart to pass, which is of¬ 
ten convenient, when feeding with green food. 
The scaffolds above the cows are the best 
depository for litter, which is let down through 
a trap door in the rear of the cows; and also 
when partitioned into rooms, serve as a place 
for a herdsman’s office. All these arunge- 
ments render it perhaps the most convenient, 
and it is undoubtedly the most expensive barn 
in America. Its height to the eaves, upon the 
back side, is to be thirty feet; stables, eight 
feet, (including timbers) and scaffolds, sixteen 
feet. Flooring for teams framed four feet be¬ 
low the eaves.” 
THE EARLY AGRICULTURE OF ENGLAND. 
AYiien Ctesar arrived in England about 55 
years before Christ, he described the Oantii, or 
inhabitants of Kent, and the Belgat, inhabiting 
the modern Somerset, Wilts, and Hants, as 
much more advanced than the rest of ihe peo¬ 
ple in the habits of civilized life. They culti¬ 
vated the soil, employed marl as manure, stored 
their corn unthrashed, and freed it from their 
chaff' and bran only as their daiiy demands re¬ 
quired. The inhabitants in the interior lived 
chiefly upon milk and flesh, being clothed and 
fed by the produce of their herds. The coun¬ 
try, adds Ctesar, is well peopled, and abounds 
iu buildings resembling those of the Gauls, 
and they have a great abundance of cattle.— 
They are not allowed to eat either the hen, the 
goose or the hare, yet they take pleasure in 
breeding them. Cicero says, there is not a 
scruple of money upon the island, or any hopes 
ot booty, but in slaves—a description which 
the industry and intelligence of succeeding 
ages has rendered singularly inapplicable.— 
The first steps in that improvement were owii g 
to the Romans themselves, anil agriculture was 
certainly the first instrument in imparting to 
the Britons the improved art and civilization 
of the Romans ; and that agriculture was one 
ot those arts in which they so rapidlv improv¬ 
ed, is attested by the fyet, that in ihe fourth 
century the Emperor Julian having erected 
here granaries, in which to store the tributary 
corn that he exacted from the natives, at, one 
time sent a fleet of 600 large vessels to convey 
away the store they contained. Julian himseif 
particularises the transaction. If, says Gib¬ 
bon, we compute these vessels only at’seventy 
tons each, they were capable of exporting 120,- 
000 quarters, and the country which could bear 
so large an exportation, must have attained an 
improved state of agriculture. 
EGYPTIAN WHEAT. 
For no plant was Egypt more celebrated 
than for wheat. Every reader will remember 
the journeys of Joseph's brethren to that coun¬ 
try, that they might obtain corn, it was once 
regarded by Rome and Constantinople as an 
inexhaustible granary. In the present day, 
Arabia brings her corn out of Egypt, and the 
caravans which leave Upper Egypt for Oosseir 
—a port on the Red Sea—are freighted with 
wheat, which is thence transported to Jidda.— 
“There is corn in Egypt,” lias long been, a 
proverb among ourselves, to indicate that there 
is a plentiful store of any article. A species 
of bearded wheat, well known in Egypt in an¬ 
cient times, has continued to the present day. 
As it is supposed to be a native of that coun¬ 
try, it is called “ Egyptian wheat,” and it also 
bears the name of “many-spiked wheat.”— 
Though allied to the summer and winter wheat, 
the spike is four times as large, and a hand iu 
length formed of spikelets, in two rows, from 
nine to ten in number, the lower ones being 
the shorter, and the upper ones large and erect. 
—Jewish Chronicle, an English paper. 
Fence throwing Cattle. —In the last Agri¬ 
culturist is an inquiry about an implement to 
put iii the nose of cattle accustomed to throw 
fence. A cheap one, and one that I have 
tried and proved effectual, is to take a common 
cord, put it through the nose; then run each 
end up to the point of the horn, and fasten it., 
drawing it up tight enough to be straight.— 
This will, L think, produce the desired effect ; 
at least, it did in the case I saw tried.— Amer¬ 
ican Agriculturist. 
The English Quarter of Grain. —There 
is some misapprehension existing, says an ex¬ 
change, as to the quantity of grain contained 
in an English quarter. It is eight bushels, but 
not eight Winchester bushels, which is our 
measure. The quarter contains eight Imperial 
bushels, about eight and a quarter of our bush¬ 
els. The Winchester bushel was the standard 
in England until 1826, since which time the 
Imperial bushel has beeu the standard. 
II 
