MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND EAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
SELF-REGULATING WINDMILL, 
GOOD FRUIT WITHOUT GRAFTING, 
a mechanic in an ob- 
Daniel JIalliday, 
scure country village, Ellington, Connecticut, 
has' done what, a world of mechanics have 
sought for in vain for centuries. lie has in¬ 
vented and put in successful operation a wind¬ 
mill with self-furling- sails. The mill built 
by him has- five feet wings, that is, the diame¬ 
ter of the windmill is ten feet, and it has been 
in operation for six months without a hand 
being touched to it to regulate the sails. It 
run fifteen days at one time without stopping 
day or night, and it has stood through some 
hard gales; the beauty of the improvement is, 
that it does stand still when the wind rages 
hardest, with the edge of the wings to the 
wind, and as it lulls they gradually resume 
their position for a gentle breeze. It is so 
contrived that nothing but a squall of great 
severity falling upon it without a moment’s 
warning can produce damage. 
The mill mentioned has drawn water from a 
well twenty-eight, feet deep, one hundred feet 
distant, and forced it into a small reservoir iu 
the upper part of the barn, sufficient for all 
J farm purposes, garden irrigation, and “ lots to 
! spare.” The cost of such a mill will be $50, 
i and the pumps and pipes $25. It is elevated 
( on a single oak post a foot square, the turn 
! circle being supported by iron braces. 
The wings are made of one longitudinal iron 
! bar, through which run small rods; upon these 
| rods, narrow' boards half an inch thick are fit¬ 
ted, holes being bored through from edge to 
edge, and screwed together by nuts on the 
ends of the rods. This makes strong, light 
sails, but as will be seen, are fixtures not to be 
furled or clewed up; blit they are thrown up 
edge to the wind by a very ingenious and sim¬ 
ple arrangement of the machinery, which obvi¬ 
ates the great objection to windmills for farm 
use; the necessity of constant supervision of 
the sails to suit the strength of the wind. 
Wind is undoubtedly the cheapest power 
that a farmer can use, and notwithstanding its 
inconstancy, if this improvement operates as 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
Issued from the United States Patent Office, 
For the week ending August 1, 1854. 
HINTS AND GLEANINGS, 
Time of Budding. —On the question of the 
best time for budding, a correspondent of the 
«7V. E. Farmer says: “ Being desirous to know 
which would do best, early or late budding, I 
inserted buds iu the same stalks with my first 
budding, two or three weeks after the first bud¬ 
ding, and found that the last buds mostly 
lived; whilst the first, but few survived, though 
some of them adhered to the stalks, and heal¬ 
ed up and appeared green, and remained sta¬ 
tionary through the first and second seasons, 
and the present season have sent out some very 
feeble shoots, showing that the bark will peel 
before the buds arc old enough to germinate.” 
Elkan Adler, of New York city, for a ma¬ 
chine for manufacturing friction matches. 
William Little, of the Strand, Middlesex, 
Eng., a new lubricating fluid for machinery. 
( 5 . F. Bauersfeld, Cincinnati, Ohio, improved 
bits for carving machines. 
C. B. Baker, Troy, N. Y., improvement in 
brick presses. 
R. C. Bristol, China, Mich., improvement in 
steam boiler tubes. 
G. W. Cherry, New York city, improvement 
in stone saws. 
Ephraim and J. R. Cushman, Amherst, Mass., 
improvement in drying thick paper. 
William Cayce, Franklin, Term.,improvement 
in door locks. 
Jeremiah Carhart, New York city, mechanism 
for uniting plates of metalot unequal thickness. 
John Carton and Joseph Briggs, Utica, N.Y., 
ly, after the fruit is gathered, good well-rooted 
runners may be had about the first of Septem¬ 
ber, or it may be sooner. The young plants 
nearest the parent plant should always be cho¬ 
sen, if possible. In planting during the month 
of August or September, rainy weather should 
be chosen, if possible; but it may be safely 
done even in a dry time, by using water free¬ 
ly. Water the plants well before taking them 
up, as it injures the roots very much to draw 
them out of dry ground; then water the soil 
thoroughly where they are to be set, before 
planting. A sprinkling will be of no use; it 
must go down deep as a heavy rain would.— 
Set the plants in the evening, and shade them 
a few days with boards set on edge, forming 
a sort of roof over them. Mulch them, too, 
with short litter; and it will be well, if the 
plants be large, to remove some of the lower 
and larger leaves. Planting can be”done'safe- 
ly in spring any time until the plants are in 
blossom—and all summer, for that matter, with 
proper care.” 
Killing Ants in Gardens. — 1’hese insects 
are often very troublesome in gardens, and 
many plans are employed to get rid of them. 
Mr. Jona. Foster, of this city, informs ns that 
he has disposed of them in the following man¬ 
ner: —Level down their bills and place near 
them small pieces of board; in a few days the 
ants will collect under these, and form tlieir 
nests and lay their eggs and larva: near the 
surface. Then take a tea-kettle of boiling wa¬ 
ter, and, lifting up the boards, dash in a pint or 
so upon them. Repeat a few times and they 
will cease to annoy you. 
of draughting and modeling vessels. 
John J. Efferenn, Springfield, Ill., machine j 
for sawing fire wood. 
Pliineas Emmons, New York city, machine i 
for molding crackers. _ ! 
Josiah Ells, Pittsburg, Pa., improvement in | 
revolving breech tire arms. 
John E. Earle, Leicester, Mass., new appara¬ 
tus for moving and setting compasses and cal¬ 
lipers. 
W. R. Glover, Glasgow, Ky., improved steel 
pens. 
Isaac Gregg, Pittsburg, Pa., improvement in 
brick presses. 
B. F. Gold, New Haven, Conn., apparatus for 
lathing buildings. 
Abram J. Gibson, Clinton, Mass., new mode 
of attaching thills and poles to vehicles. 
A. J. Gibson, Clinton, Mass., new mode of at¬ 
taching whiffletrees to vehicles. 
Joseph Hyde, New York city, new form of 
washboards. 
John M. Hathaway, New York city, improve¬ 
ment in shot pouches. 
David A. Hopkins, Elmira, N. Y., improve¬ 
ment in railroad car couplings. 
William F. Ketchum, Buffalo, N. Y., new 
form of submerged paddle wheels. 
William Henry Morrison and M. YV. E. Doran, 
Indianapolis, Ind.. for simultaneous movement 
of augers and chisels in mortising machines. 
Willis Mansfield, New Haven, Conn., switch- 
moving apparatus. 
William Watson, New York city, improve- 
m® it in stone and marble saws. 
Benj. F. Bee, Harwich, Mass., feed-water ap¬ 
paratus to steam boilers. 
r n in . it _i a.—: .1 
Houghton’s Seedling is probably the best 
variety of the gooseberry ever cultivated iu 
this •country. It is a cross between our native 
gooseberry and some foreign kind. The berry 
is rather small, oval, the skin thin, reddish 
brown; flesh fine, very tender, sweet, and of a 
fine delicious flavor. It is a very superior 
gooseberry for the dessert; it is also excellent 
for cooking, and it is iu good condition for this 
purpose for about four weeks. 
As a grower it excels by far all other kinds 
that we have cultivated; and as to bearing, 
every season, nearly all the growth of the pre¬ 
vious year is covered with fruit. One to two 
quarts of fruit have been grown on bushes set 
the previous year. A plant well set in the 
j spring, in a good soil, will make a large growth 
the first year, and the next year will be loaded 
Mulching Dwarf Pears. —The .Mich. Far¬ 
mer for Aug. has a letter from Jas. Pougall, 
of Windsor, who states that in his experience 
as a nurseryman, he has found that “ to culti¬ 
vate dwarf pears properly, and with certainty 
in this climate, they must be mulched twice a 
year—once in June or early in July, digging 
it in slightly in Oct.; aud again in December, 
digging it in in April. The roots of the quince 
are so much nearer the surface than the pear, 
that they are more readily affected by the 
drought of summer and the frosts of winter.” 
"We have concluded to give again brief in¬ 
structions for the operation of budding, as it is 
not too late in the season except for plums, 
cherries and roses. It should be remembered 
that in fruit trees of all kinds, the buds should 
be inserted so late as not to grow any the 
same year, as they are very apt to fail when 
they do so. In the Genesee Farmer, for 1850, 
Mr. Barry gave the following directions: 
irrigated. What an advantage would be the 
latter in such a drouth as now prevails in many 
parts of the country, besides the great amount 
of fertilizing matter in water at all times. The 
windmill could be used too for all grinding of 
grain for farm use, driving the washing-ma¬ 
chine and churn, pumping the water from the 
well or spring—often one of the hardest kinds 
of labor about the house. Liquid manure, and 
the solid excrement made into liquid, could be 
sent over a field through leading pipes by the 
same power. 
We do earnestly hope for the suecess of this 
improvement—that it will not only be an or¬ 
nament, but a thing of usefulness to many 
American farmers. 
STRAWJJERRIES AND THEIR CULTURE 
The’ August No. of the Horlicullurist has an 
article with this heading from the pen of the 
editor, and, of course, valuable, as drawn from 
nractical experience. He declares it is a sim- 
G. W. Goats aud J. Russel, of Springfield, O., 
for improvement in machines for sticking card 
teeth. 
Halvor Halvorson (assignor to H. Halvorson 
and Horace Barnes,) of Boston, Mass., apparatus 
for measuring cloth on looms. 
S. T. Thomas and Eliza Ann Everett, (ad- 
rnintrx. of Edward Everett, dec.) of Lawrence, 
Mass., improved method of warping and dress¬ 
ing yarns. - 
Ghas. Mounin and W. N. Booth, Buffalo, N.Y., 
improvement in lamp fasteners. 
Wm. S. McLean, Pittsburg, Pa., new form of 
car wheels. 
W. M. Palmer, of Palmyra, Me., grain screens 
to thrashing machines. 
B. S. audTC. M. Pierce, New Bedford, Mass., 
new kinds of molds for cement or earthen vessels. 
A. H. Petsch, Charleston, S. C., new improve¬ 
ment in dumping cars. 
Sandford Stone, Ivirkersville, Ohio, improve¬ 
ment in dumping carts. 
S. Shearman, Goshen, Ind., new method of 
cleaning and feeding in grain to the mill stones. 
John Stull, Philadelphia, Pa, improvement 
in saw mills. 
Louis Schwingrouber, New York city, spring 
clamp to shoe horns. 
Geo. Souther, South Boston, Mass., for elastic 
tires for carriage wheels. 
Eli Whitney, Whitneyville, Ct., new form of 
lock for fire arms. 
Simon Willard, Cincinnati, O., for sheet metal 
bedsteads. 
Albin Warth, New York city, improvement 
in fire engines. 
W. B. Walker, Bennington. N. H., machine 
for the manufacture of brooms. 
Wm. Anderson, Ulysses, N. Y., improvement 
in setting teeth in harrows. 
Thos. Daugherty, Erie, Pa., lasting instru¬ 
ments. 
C. K. Farr, Auburn, Miss., improved method 
of setting cultivator teeth. 
Robert Grant, New York city, new form of 
hvdraulic press. 
"J. S. Hall, Manchester. Pa., improvement in 
mold board of plows. 
Abraham Jackson, New York city, horse 
power hoisting machinery. 
H. N. Black, Philadelphia. Pa., cylindrical 
perforated grain drillers for cleaning and drying 
grain. 
II. M. Mansfield, Ashland, Ohio, improved 
screens for hulling clover seed and cleaning 
USEFUL RECIPES, 
TV. YY. Bristow, of Lane County, Territory 
of Oregon, (named we suppose, in 
honor of Gov. Jo.,) sent an order 
to Messrs. Fowlers & Wells of this 
city (New York) for a bushel of 
apple-seeds. r 
They sent to Ohio and had them 
washed out of pomace and forwar¬ 
ded to Mr. B. 
In his letter acknowledging the 
receipt, he gives the following items 
of cost, viz: 
Postage on letters in relation to tlie seeds. 50 
Cost of one bushel of apple-seeds in New York$20 00 
Adams A Co.'s Express transportation from New 
York to Portland, Oregon.S3 50 
Paid hire of a man to go to Portland.15 00 
Paid hire of a horse for same. 20 00 
Paid lor traveling expense of ditto. 20 00 
Total.$109 00 
“Yet,” says Mr. Bristow, “I do not grudge 
the cost, great as it is, for they are all growing 
finely, and will be worth a thousand-fold.” 
He inclosed money for other seeds, to be 
sent to him by mail, of various kinds of fruit, 
being willing to incur the heavy expense to in¬ 
troduce good fruit trees into that country. 
Such a settler is worth about as much as a 
thousand mere politicians in a new country.— 
jy. F. Tribune. 
To Destroy House Flies. —Amongst “ the 
iseries of human life,” during the warm sea- 
oxymel (an article sold by druggists) into a 
common tumbler glass, and place in the glass 
a piece of cap paper, made into the shape of 
the upper part of a funnel with a hole at the 
bottom to admit the flies. Attracted by the 
smell they readily enter the trap in swarms, and 
by the thousands soon collected, prove that 
they have not the wit or disposition to return. 
I recommend this plan with confidence, for I 
have already destroyed great numbers.” 
Bat Killing. —Traps for catching rats or 
mice, ought to be baited with oat or Indian 
meal, and scented with oil of rhodium. This 
article, which may be had at the druggists, 
will attract rats and mice in great numbers.— 
Bait the traps in this manner for two days, 
with the springs checked, and renew the com¬ 
position when consumed. On the third day, 
they will enter freely; remove the check and 
commence the work of destruction. Be care¬ 
ful to remove the vermin as soon as caught 
How to cut India Kubber. —As this useful 
article is now much used in Kural districts, 
the following method for cutting it, neat and 
clean, may be useful:—Simply, dip the knife in 
water, and you will cut it like a piece of green 
i cheese. N. D. r. 
Take a young shoot (fig. 1) with good ripe 
buds, and strip the leaves off, leaving part of 
the leaf stalk as at a. The shoot is held iu the 
left hand and the knife in the right; the lower 
part of the blade, say at the point b, is placed 
on the shoot at c, one-half to three-fourths of 
an inch above the bud; the thumb of the knife 
hand rests on the shoot at/, the lower extrem¬ 
ity of the bark intended to be removed with 
the bud; the knife is then drawn towards you 
obliquely, parallel with the shoot, smooth and 
level, so that the bark and a very thin portion 
of the wood will be taken off. In cases where 
this wood is firmly attached to the bark, it is 
better to leave it; but where it is loose, or 
| partly so, it may better be removed, which can 
be done by putting the edge of the knife under 
the wood, between it and the bark, and lifting 
it up. Care in doing this is necessary, to 
avoid pulling out the root of the bud, as in 
that case the bud is lost. Fig. 3 is a good bud; 
g, root of the bud, and li, root of the leaf.— 
Fig. 4 represents a bad bud, always thrown 
away. 
Ripening Peaks. —Many varieties of pears, 
if suffered to ripen on the trees, are dry and 
worthless—but if picked before ripe and placed 
within doors in a warm room to ripen, they are 
melting, juicy, and of fine flavor. This we be¬ 
lieve is applicable to nearly all varieties. The 
proper time to pick them is when they begin 
to change color, or when some of the imper¬ 
fect ones fall to the ground. They should 
always be picked by hand, and never shaken 
from’ the trees.— .Mich. Farmer. 
Peach Worm- —Of all remedies recommend¬ 
ed to prevent the ravages of the peach worm, 
we have tried none more successfully than the 
application of from one to eight quarts of 
leached or uuleaehed ashes around the bole of 
the tree. Before applying the ashes destroy 
all the worms you can bv picking them out 
with a large needle or pen-knife. Their pres¬ 
ence is known by the gum that exudes from 
the tree where they are at work .—.Michigan 
Farmer. 
Tomato Sauce.— Peel and slice twelve to¬ 
matoes, picking out the seeds; add three pow¬ 
dered crackers, pepper and salt to your taste: 
stew twenty minutes. 
To Make Blackberry Wine. —To make a 
wine equal in value to Port, take ripe black¬ 
berries, or dew-berries, and press them; let the 
juice stand 36 hours to ferment, and skin off 
whatever rises to the top; then to every 
gallon of the juice, add a quart of water, and 
3 pounds of good sugar; let this stand in an 
open vessel for 24 hours; skim and strain it; 
then barrel it until March, when it should be 
carefully racked off and bottled. 
A Cheap Barometer.— A correspondent of 
the Country Gentleman writes as follows: 
For some rears I have been in the habit of 
watching the condition ot the gum in my wife s 
camphor bottle, wuich stands in our bed-room. 
And when not disturbed it makes a capital 
weather glass. It answers my purpose as well 
as a barometer that would cost me from $25 to 
$50. YVhen there is to be a change of weath¬ 
er from fair to windy or wet, the thin flakes of 
the gum will rise up, and sometimes when there 
was to be a great storm I have seen them at 
the top. When they settle down clearly at the 
bottom,'then we are sure of grand weather.— 
Any farmer who will watch his wifes camphor 
! bottle for a seasou, will never have occasion to 
The Largest Lettuce on Record. —Mr. O. 
W. Seger, of Green Springs, Cat, writes to 
the California Farmer, June 13, that he has a 
head of lettuce, of the curly head variety, 
which measures six feet in circumference, (two 
feet in diameter,) and that it is as closely pack¬ 
ed as a drum-head cabbage. YY hat next trom 
the golden State? 
•Cover the- bottom with al- 
Tomatq Pies. —Cover the- bottom with al¬ 
ternate layers of sliced tomatoes, ripe and 
sound, and bread crumbled fine, with butler 
and spice to taste, put it iu a bake pan with 
loaf bread sliced fine, and sprinkle, fine sugar 
over each layer of tomatoes as it is put m.— 
Cover with sliced bread, and bake as j ou o 
-The .Maine 
Pears on the Mountain Ash. 
armer speaks of a five years’ trial ot Ivart- 
tt pears grafted on the mountain ash, as 
•ry successful, the trees bearing well, and the 
:ars excellent 
