270 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
sawdust is best, but it may be used a second 
winter. The dust can easily be washed from 
the ice at the time of using. 
I have endeavored to give you a plain, sim¬ 
ple, cheap and efficient inode of keeping ice, 
which I have practiced for the last three years, 
—hoping that others may be induced to share 
with me the benefits which in various ways 
may be derived from it. 15. Marks. 
Fairinount, Onondaga Co., N. Y., Aug., 18.^4. 
SOWING GRASS SEED IN THE FALL. 
Ens. RuKal: —As I believe much informa¬ 
tion may be gained by farmers, in frequently 
interchanging thoughts and experience in re¬ 
lation to the various subjects, which pertain to 
their vocation, I propose saying a few words 
in relation to the inquiries of your correspond¬ 
ent J. B. P. in the last No. of the Rural, re¬ 
garding the seeding down of land. Y our cor¬ 
respondent states that he cannot get “ clover 
or herds grass to ‘ catch,’ when sown with 
oat«, according to the time-honored custom,” 
which, I suppose, is sowing it with the grain 
the spring, Banners are generally quiue 
indisposed to adopt any new manner of per¬ 
forming the routine ot their labors,—but the 
repeated failures in my own case, and that of 
my neighbors, to get land to catch well, u T hcn 
seeded in the spring, induced me to question 
the correctness of the idea of spring being the 
best time to sow grass seed. After losing a 
good many bushels of seed during the past five 
or six years, by sowing with oats in the spring, 
I concluded, last fall, that I would try the ex¬ 
periment of seeding six acres in the fall; and 
though the trial of any new mode of farming 
for one year only, is not sufficient to establish 
its correctness or incorrectness, yet the success 
which attended the experiment w'as most satis¬ 
factory, for I cut this year my heaviest grass 
from the field thus seeded. I have not before 
during several years past, obtained so good 
grass the first year after seeding; and I attri¬ 
bute the cause entirely to the fact of seeding in 
the fall. 
It is perfectly reasonable to suppose, that 
seed sown in the fall would be more likely to 
do well, than if sown in the spring, because it 
is well known that grass seed self-sown or de¬ 
posited by grass left standing, almost always 
catches and grows better, than that sown in 
the spring. The main reason why it does not 
succeed when sown with oats in the spring is 
because it cannot withstand the dry weather 
which we usually have during the summer.— 
Where it can be sown very early, as for in¬ 
stance, with winter wheat, its chances for suc¬ 
cess are greater; but, even then, I should pre¬ 
fer to seed in the fall. 
When sown in the fall, it should be sown in 
September, or before the fall rains commence, 
so that it may get sufficiently started to with¬ 
stand the winter. 
That which I sowed in the fall was sown on 
stubble, without any dragging; nor do I think 
it needs any, for it came up very thick and 
mice. N.M. Carpenter. 
Ellington, N. Y., August, 1854. 
CROPS, &C., IN SENECA COUNTY. 
This is the dryest summer I have ever wit¬ 
nessed. Not a shower in three weeks sufficient 
to lay the dust, and very light and unfrequent 
showers for more than two months past. Yet 
I never had more ears of sweet corn in the 
same space; sometimes two well-filled ears to a 
stalk, the kernels completely covering the end 
of the cob. To early planting, after deeply 
trenching in unlermented stable manure, the re¬ 
sult is mainly due. Many farmers will not get 
one-third of a crop of corn; all who waited 
until summer for their laud to dry, will have 
their labor for their pains, as such crops this 
year will hardly pay the interest on the land. 
But there is a panacea for every ill; our wet 
spring, succeeded by a hot, dry summer, will 
do more than the united efforts of the agricul¬ 
tural press towards waking up farmers to the 
necessity of tile draining as a sine qua non to 
spring planting. Strange as it may seem, 
there is only now and then a farmer who can 
be made to believe that all aluminous, heavy 
soils need underdrains, even where the incli¬ 
nation is sufficient to take off or prevent 
standing water. 
Timothy hay was a very light crop. Pas¬ 
tures are now dried up to the burning point; 
and the crop of potatoes and clover seed will 
be small indeed. There was considerable flax 
sown, but it is light. There is but little bar¬ 
ley. A greater breadth of oats than ever was 
sown, to maise up for the diminution in wheat; 
hence oats are plenty with light crops. Some 
few farmers will have good crops of corn; but 
taking into view the small wheat iiarvest, loss 
in hay and potatoes, the low price of wool, 
and the short crop of so many large corn-fields, 
our farming will not pay well this season.— 
But they say in tropical regions that during 
the dry season the vegetable would rests and 
recuperates to be ready for the coming rains. 
The same argument may he extended to that 
region of long drouths, California, where we 
are told vegetation is on the grainiest scale. 
Waterloo, N. Y. S. W. 
SAVING SUNFLOWER SEED. 
In reply to the inquiries of Thomas Cunan, 
I offer an answer, having some experience in 
the matter. The worst difficulty it is true, has 
been in liar vesting’; the crop. Of all ways, that 
which has succeeded the best with me, is in 
having rows the same distance apart as for 
corn, and a foot or a foot and one half apart 
in the row. When the seed is hardened and 
the blossom rubs off easily, then go through 
and lop the heads down by breaking the stalk 
a short distance below the head, sufficient only 
to stop the circulation of sap; and by so doing, 
the head will dry sufficiently with the seed to 
pack away in the barn without moulding; for 
a great difficulty has been in curing the head 
sufficient to prevent injury to the seed. And 
when dry enough, go through with a wagon 
and gather the heads, which can be done faster 
and easier than one imagines, leaving the 
stalks which are useless, on the field; and by 
the next spring they will break up so as not to 
trouble much. The seed lias yielded with me 
at the rate of from 80 to 100 bushels to the 
acre, and nearly a gallon of oil to a bushel; 
and for painting, I have found it fully equal to 
linseed.—II. C. A ik;ate, East Bethany JY. Y. 
ABOUT THE WEEVIL. 
The insect that has injured the wheat crop 
so extensively in New York, Pennsylvania and 
Ohio, this season, is not the one generally 
known as the weevil. This insect, called “ red 
weevil,” “ wheat midge,” “ the insect,” Ac., dif¬ 
fers very much from the curculio granarias , 
as that only injures the ripened kernel of wheat 
or corn after it is stacked or housed, or even 
after it is in the bin of the granary or grist 
mill. The weevil exhibits in swarms around 
the barn, the female laying her eggs upon the 
grain, and the grubs, as soon as hatched, work 
into the kernel, consuming all but the bran, 
and without breaking that so as to show that 
all is rottenness within. The ravages of this 
insect are so destructive at the South, that it 
is difficult to keep wheat or corn. The latter 
is generally put up with the shuck on, which 
is damp or else heavily salted. Wheat is kept 
in close casks or tight bins. It may be kept 
by covering with flour of lime an inch deep 
over the surface. 
The insect that has destroyed so much grain, 
the present season, is a yellow fly, (with blue 
wings,) about one-tenth of an inch in length; 
it deposits its eggs while the wheat is in blos¬ 
som, within the chaffy scales of the flower du¬ 
ring the evening twilight and dark stormy days, 
in number from two to forty, which hatch in 
ten days, and completely destroy the germ of 
the berry. The maggot is reddish yellow, 
about one-sixteenth of an inch long, or perhaps 
an eighth when full grown. It leaves the head 
and winters in the ground. That is the time 
to kill them. Salt is undoubtedly the remedy. 
The fly is hardly ever seen; they Dever fly in 
the sun-shine. The weevils till the air like 
mosquitoes in a swamp. This insect hides on 
the stems and leaves, shaded from the heat of 
the sun. This is a northern insect; the weevil 
is a southern one. 
This insect was first seen in America about 
the year 1828, in the northern part of Ver¬ 
mont, and the borders of Lower Canada. It 
first made its appearance in Northern Ohio in 
in the year 1843, and its ravages have rapidly 
increased from year to year. 
Jlr. Harris recommends brimstone fumiga¬ 
tion of the plants. That would be impossible, 
almost, in whole counties. Flour of lime, 
sown on wet wheat has appeared to prevent 
the work of destruction. Beep plowing the 
stubble, and not sowing any grain upon it next 
year, might eradicate the insect, if all who are 
affected would unite in that course, as all must 
n any other that should be adopted 
The remedy recommended by our corres¬ 
pondent at Darien, of salting the cut wheat in 
the mow or stack, would not answer for the 
maggots already burrowed in the ground for 
winter, but the salt must be applied to the 
land in liberal quantities—say five to ten bush¬ 
els per acre, We cut up the cut-worms effec¬ 
tually upon our corn ground this season with 
a handful of salt to a bill. The corn fired a 
little at first, but it is growing beautifully now. 
Every bug or worm can be killed in the soil 
with salt, and we have no doubt that will be 
found the most sure way of ridding the coun¬ 
try of the terrible pest to wheat growers—the 
Cccidomaya. Tritici of Kirby, as we take to 
be the insect called the “ red weevil.”—JY. Y. 
Tribune. 
Remarks. —In our view, the use of salt to 
the extent above recommended, is too expen¬ 
sive and hardly practicable in many instances. 
Unless we are mistaken, the early sowing of 
early varieties of wheat (such as the Mediter¬ 
ranean, Soule, &c.,) on ground well drained, 
will prove the best security against the midge. 
Will some of our experienced correspondents 
give us their views on this vitally important 
subject?— Eds. Rural. 
mrintltnral ^isrcUraj. 
AGRICULTURAL FAIRS IN VIRGINIA. 
Last November, the State Ag. Society of 
Virginia, held at Richmond, if we recollect 
right, their first State Fair. The experiment 
was most successful; indeed, so high was the 
enthusiasm produced by t his Fair, that the So¬ 
ciety was enabled to raise $100,000 as a per¬ 
manent endowment. We learn from the Sec¬ 
retary, Frank S. Ruffin, Esq., that this year 
the premiums have been greatly increased, the 
grounds enlarged, and arrangements made for 
one of the largest and best exhibitions ever 
witnessed in this country. The lair will be 
convened at Richmond, on the 31st of Octo¬ 
ber, and continue four days. Another associ¬ 
ation has also been formed, called “ The Vir¬ 
ginia and North Carolina Agricultural Socie¬ 
ty,” to hold its first exhibition at Petersburgh, 
sometime in October next. This Society has 
determined to raise $100,000 for the purchase 
and establishment of an experimental farm; 
$15,000 have already been subscribed for this 
purpose. The Western Virginia Agricultural 
Society and Industrial Institute, holds its sec¬ 
ond annual Fair, at Wheeling, on the 14th and 
15th of September. This promises to be “ a 
great occasion.” Success to the glorious efforts 
of the “ Old Dominion.” 
SALE OF IMPORTED CATTLE AND SHEEP. 
The Short-horn cattle, South Down and 
Cotswold sheep and Shepherd Dogs imported 
by the Clinton Co., (Ohio) Association, were 
sold at public auction at Wilmington, on the 
9ih inst. The 7 Bulls sold for $9,525. II. II. 
Hankins & Co., Bloomington, Clinton Co., 
Cliio, paid $3,700 for the Short-horn bull 
Wellington. This was the highest figure, 
the lowest being $025. Three bull calves 
brought $845. Seventeen cows sold for $ lb- 
760, and one heifer calf for $525. Three 
South Dowu bucks brought $315, and G ewes 
$380. Cue Cotswold buck $70, and 2 ewes 
$170. The shepherd dogs sold well. A dog 
slut and 5 pups brought $170 50. The cost 
of the importation up to the time of sale was 
$17,000 and the sales in the aggregate, as will 
be seen, amounted to $22,000 50. This is a 
good result. “ Some good cattle went at low 
figures,” and “ many of the sheep sold for less 
than cost.” 
Periods of Gestation in Domestic Ani¬ 
mals. —It is frequently very important for far¬ 
mers to know how long the different domestic 
animals go with their young. The following 
table is believed to be very exact: 
Letting South Down Sheer in England.— 
At the recent letting of Mr. Jonas Webb’s 
celebrated South Down Bams at Babraliam 
England, 75 sheep were let out for the season 
for 1,80L guineas—$9,077, or $122 each.— 
This is higher by about $15 per hundred than 
they were let for in either 1851-2 or 3. The 
highest prices paid this year, was $514 by Mr. 
Luoar, of Hengrave, England, for a yearling. 
The highest price paid last year, and the high¬ 
est price, it is believed, at which a sheep was 
•tever known to let, was $655; the hirer being, 
we are proud to say, an American, and a New- 
Yorker—Mr. Jonathan Thorne. The prac¬ 
tice of letting improved animals, is one com¬ 
monly adopted in England, und one which, in 
a few years, we hope to see general in this 
country. 
Asiatic Fowls in Canada East. —A writer 
in the American Agriculturist says there is a 
great demand for Asiatic fowls in Canada East, 
and urges breeders to attend the Provincial 
Fair to be held at Quebec on the 12th, 13th, 
14th, and 15th of September, and to bring with 
them a “large collection of pure blooded fowls 
of their choicest stocks.” He says they would 
not only be “conferring a service upon this 
country, but it would also in return prove to 
be a very profitable and satisfactory specula¬ 
tion.” Those interested will probably obtain 
any further information they may need on this 
subject, by addressing the Secretary of the 
Society, W. Evans, of Montreal. 
Massachusetts County Fairs. —The following 
is the list of Fairs for the different Agricultural 
Societies in Massachusetts: 
Essex, at Lawrence, Sept. 27 and 28. 
Middlesex, Concord, Oct. 4 and 5. 
Middlesex South, Framingham, Sept.27,28. 
Worcester, Worcester, Sept. 27, 28. 
Worcester West., Sept. 20. 
Worcester North, Sept. 13. 
Hampshire, Franklin and Hampden, North¬ 
ampton, Oct. 12. 
Hampshire, Amherst, Oct. 18, 19. 
Hampden, Springfield, Sept. 27, 28. 
Franklin, Greenfield, Oct. 4, 5. 
Berkshire, Pittsfield, Oct. 4, 5. 
Housatonic, Great Barrington, Sept. 27, 28. 
Norfolk, Dedham, Sept. 20, 27. 
Bristol, Taunton, Sept. 27, 28. 
Plymouth, Bridgewater, Oct. 4, 5. 
Barnstable, Barnstable, Oct. 11. 
Mares 
11 months. 
Bitch, 
2 months. 
Jennet, 
11 
Cat, 
8 weeks. 
Cow, 
9 
Babbit, 
4J “ 
Goat, 
4J “ 
Rat, 
5$ “ 
Ewe, 
5 “ 
Mouse, 
Bow, 
4 
G’na Pig, 
3 
The period of incubation of Domestic Fowls 
is aa follows: 
Swan 
6 weeks. 
Pea Hen, 
4 weeks. 
Turkey, 
4 “ 
G’na Hen, 
3 “ 
Goose 
4 “ 
Hen, 
3 “ 
Duck, 
4 “ 
Pigeon 
2 « 
SANDWICH ISLANDS AGRICULTURE. 
We give the following extract of a letter from 
a subscriber, dated East Maui, May 25, 1854: 
The growing of wheat has been entered into 
with considerable spirit this year, in this imme¬ 
diate vicinity, and the crop bids fair to be a 
line one. Harvesting has already commenced, 
and wlnit, is peculiar to this country, J think, 
will continue for nearly three months, the cli¬ 
mate admitting of sowing wheat from the first 
of December to the last of March. The crop 
will amount this year to about 25,000 bushels; 
and from the fact that there is a Hour mill at 
Honolulu, ready for operation, the present and 
prospective high price of flour, and the success 
of this year's crops, the next season’s sowing 
will be quadruple to tWt of this. 
The soil and climatMeem admirably adapt¬ 
ed to the growing of wheat. There Is now 
good wheat growing on land, where five or six 
crops have been raised in succession without 
any dressing. A fine growth on land that pro¬ 
duced last year from 25 to 30 bushels per acre, 
and this land had been cropped with sugar 
cane for ten years. On new land I have seen 
this year wheat 6J feet high, and whole fields 
averaging more than five feet. 
The elevation at which wheat is grown is 
from 1,500 to 3,000 feet above the level of the 
soil The soil is decomposed lava in some 
parts, and in others the lava is mingled with 
volcanic cinders and ashes, also some vegeta¬ 
ble matter. The temperature varies from 50° 
to 84° Farh. 
It is believed that after the present harvest 
the Islands will not import much bread-stuff 
The labor saving machines of the U. States 
are being introduced here. One of Hussey’s 
Reapers is here for the present harvest, and 
another on the way. A one-horse-power over¬ 
shot Thresher of Emery’s manufacture, a two- 
horse-power Thresher of Whitman’s make are 
here, and another of Whitman’s on the way.— 
Country Gentleman. 
SAYING CLOVER SEED. 
The difficulties of saving the seed are imag¬ 
inary; the process is simple and easy. After 
the clover field has been cut or grazed, let the 
second growth come on. When about two- 
thirds of the heads have turned brown, cut with 
a cradle, throwing the grass into double swaths, 
and cure. When cured, rake up in the morn¬ 
ing while the dew continues on, into conve¬ 
nient parcels for loading with a pitchfork, and, 
as soon as all danger from heating is obviated, 
get it under shelter, either in the barn, or pro¬ 
tected in the field, lie careful not to put it 
away while any moisture remains in the plants; 
and on the other hand, don’t handle it rudely 
when very dry, where you don’t want the seeds 
to fall, for in that condition the heads shell 
freely. Having sheltered it, you may waif, if 
you choose, till winter affords leisure for tliresh- 
or treading out. 
The second crop produces more seed than 
the first, and hence the economy of first cut¬ 
ting or grazing the field, though from that cut 
for hay, a prudent, careful husbandman, might 
easily save enough seed for his own use. It is 
believed that more seed may be saved bymow- 
when about two-thirds of the heads have 
turned brown than at any other period, because, 
if cut sooner, too many of the seeds are unripe, 
and if later, too many scatter out of the heads 
in cradling and handling. If the heads break 
off and fall through the fingers in cradling, 
cover with cotton or linen cloth. Every far¬ 
mer may easily save his own seed. There is 
abundant time for clover to make good heads, 
well filled with seed, after the hogs have been 
turned upon the rye, or after the first crop ot 
hay has been taken, and it would surely be 
economical to preserve a small portion of a 
field for saving seed.— Farm Journal. 
AGRICULTURAL FAIRS. 
Turnip Seed. —We are indebted to the 
Hon. O. Mason, Commissioner of Patents fo r 
several varieties of English turnip and ruta ba 
ga seed. Most of them are new to us. Had 
they been sent six weeks or two months ear¬ 
lier, we should have had a better opportunity 
of testing their merits. 
The Drouth still continues, und is almost 
universal from Maine to Missouri 
fitijnirics anti 3GtMunx 
The Lawton Blackberry. —Where and at 
what price can slips or roots of the New Ro¬ 
chelle or Lawton Blackberry be had? 
Where, also, can we get the Oregon pea for 
seed, and at what price? Information through 
the Rural is respectfully requested.— A Sub¬ 
scriber, Italy, N. Y. 
Messrs. Geo. Seymour & Co., of Norfolk, 
Ct., have the plants for sale, we believe, at 25 
cents per hundred. Others may have them; 
and, if so, they will do 'well to make it known 
by an advertisement. 
We cannot answer as to the Oregon pea. 
Feeding Pigs. —I wish some of the readers of 
the Rural would inform me what feed will make 
pigs grow most, and how it should be given. I 
want to fat them this fall.—A Subscriber, Fair- 
port, N. Y., Aug. 2, 1854. 
This inquiry is addressed exclusively to the 
“readers of the Rural.” We trust some of 
them will answer it. 
Artesian Driller. —Can you, or some of your 
readers, give me full information concerning an 
“ artesian driller,” or machine used in drilling 
for water. I would like to know where one can 
be obtained, the expense per foot of drilling, Ac. 
I shall be much obliged to any one who will, 
through your columns or otherwise,give me the 
necessary information.— A. II. Arnold, Fairfield, 
Herkimer, Co., N. Y. 
Clover Seed Harvesters.— Will you inform 
me through the Rural, where I can purchase a 
machine for gathering clover seed ?—Thomas 
Bearden, Jr., Geneva, N. Y. 
T. S. Steadman, Holley, N. Y., and L A. 
Wauenkr, Pultney, Steuben Co., N. Y., are in¬ 
ventors of excellent machines for harvesting 
clover seed. 
Red Top Grass.—I wish your readers would 
give us their experience in the cultivation of red 
top grass,—the best time to sow it,—the amount 
of seed per acre, and what kind of feed it makes, 
Ac.— Geo. C. Wainwrigut, Wait field, Vt. 
oBtAMimi. 
Fried Cucumbers. —Peel, and slice longitu¬ 
dinally, about one-quarter of an inch thick.— 
Dredge with flour, and fry in butter or good 
pork gravy until cooked brown; add a little 
salt and pepper, and eat them for oysters. 
j. w. B. 
Pickled Peaches. —Select ripe cling-stone 
peaches. To one gallon of good vinegar add 
four pounds of brown sugar; boil this for a few 
minutes, and take off any semn which may rise. 
Rub the peaches with a flannel cloth, to re¬ 
move the down, and stick a clove in each; put 
them in glass or stone jars, and pour t he liquor 
upon them boiling hot. When cold cover the 
jars and let them stand in a cool place for a 
week or ten days, then pour off the liquor and 
boil it as before, after which return it, boiling, 
o the peaches, which should be carefully cov¬ 
ered and stored away for future use. If your 
peaches are very hard, boil them in water, to 
tender, before you pickle them, und they will 
be fit for use almost immediately.— JYalional 
Cook Book. 
State Fairs seem to be growing into the 
Great Annual Festival, in many of the States, 
eclipsing all other gatherings by their compre¬ 
hensive character, bringing into contact and 
communion men of all occupations and tastes, 
from the most remote portion of the State; 
and by the great aggregation of stock, vegeta¬ 
bles, fruits and implements for exhibition, illus¬ 
trating the perfection to which, by skill, care, 
and observance of physiological and mechani¬ 
cal laws, animals, vegetables and fruits, and the 
rude implements of the farmer can be brought. 
They cleave scales from the eyes of ignorance. 
They sweep away the films of prejudice, like 
cobwebs. They infuse into the mind of the 
young farmer an ambition to excel in his pro¬ 
fession. They teach the money-loving votary 
of the profession, what fearful wastes, what ex¬ 
haustion of his soil, what deterioration of his 
crops and stock, have been the consequence of 
persisting in dogged, and selfish, and unnatural 
courses, because his fathers did before him.— 
They impress in ten thousand different ways, 
the superiority of intelligence over mere brute 
labor, and tell with ten thousand illustrations, 
that a sharp intellect is us necessary at one end 
of the plow, as a sharp coulter at the other; 
in a word, the supremacy of mind over matter. 
—Toledo Blade. 
Application of Manure. —By all means, 
apply manure to grass lands in autumn—the 
fall, winter, and spring rains will carry down 
the soluble parts among the roots, and the 
plants will have the full benefit at the com¬ 
mencement of their growth. There will be 
a very little evaporation of the manure compar¬ 
atively, during winter, and the remaining por¬ 
tions become well settled about the plants, and 
do not hinder their growth. On the other 
hand, if applied in the spring, the first tenden 
cy is to smother and check, some time elapses 
before the enriching portions get down among 
the roots; and the warm weather promotes the 
escape of the volatile portions of the manure. 
A pulverized soil permits the immediate es 
cape of water after heavy rains, and yet, by 
capillary attraction it furnishes a supply of 
moisture during a protracted drouth. 
’o Destroy Bed Bugs. —We have made 
use of the following simple, yet efficient means 
of destroying bed-bugs and similar vermin, for 
several years, and found it to be complete in 
its extermination. 
Remove from the room everything that is 
not infested; then take a small quantity of sul¬ 
phur and set it burning in an old kettle, keep¬ 
ing the room closed tight until the smoke has 
all disappeared. After this, thoroughly venti¬ 
late the room, and the smell of the sulphur will 
all pass away.—D. C., in Alb. Cultivator 
To Make Tomato Wine. —Take small, ripe 
tomatoes, pick off’ the steins, put them into a 
basket or tub, wash clean, t hen mash well, and 
strain through a linen rag (a bushel will make 
five gallons pure); then add to 3 pounds 
good brown sugar to each gallon; then put 
into a cask, and ferment and line as for rasp¬ 
berry wine. If two gallons of water be added 
to each bushel of tomatoes, the wine will be 
as good. 
Green Corn Pudding. —Take twelve ears 
of corn; cut the hull of each row with a sharp 
pointed knife; then with the back of the knife, 
scrape all the milk from the corn, leaving the 
hull on the cob; to this milk add one-half tea¬ 
cup of good cream, three table-spoonfuls of 
flour, three of sugar, one of butter, two eggs— 
stir well and bake the same as corn bread.— 
Iowa Farmer. 
Wax Candles never need Snuffing.— 
The reason why wax candles never need snuff¬ 
ing, is because the wick of a wax candle is 
made of very fine thread, which the heat of 
the flame is sufficient to consume. The wick 
of a tallow candle is made of coarse cotton, 
which is too substantial to be consumed, and 
therefore must be removed with the snuffers. 
Brown Bread Pudding. —Take half-a-pound 
of stale brown bread, grated, ditto of currants, 
ditto of shred suet, sugar and nutmeg; mix 
with four eggs, a tea-spoonful of brandy, and 
two tablespoonfuls of cream; boil in a cloth 
or basin tnat exactly holds it, three or four 
hours.— Rvndell. 
