MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
SEASONABLE NOTES AND SUGGESTIONS. 
Skptemher is not only one of the pleasantest 
months of the whole year, but in other respects 
possesses peculiar interest in the eyes and es¬ 
timation of Ruralists. The old Almanac 
adage, 
“September blow soft. 
Till the fruit's in the loft,” 
is pleasant and practical, even in this season of 
arid waste, and scarcity of fruit, — and we 
trust ihe couplet will prove practically true 
with the majority of our large and widely-ex¬ 
tended parish of readers. Though the earth 
may not yield its bounties to the extent of our 
whites and (tnonths'ago) reasonable expecta¬ 
tions—though some of our crops have been 
partially and others almost entirely destroyed, 
by a drouth unparalleled for severity and ex¬ 
tent in the history of American Agriculture— 
all is not lost, and, instead of folding our arms 
in despair, we should take courage and man¬ 
fully battle to secure the prime necessities, if 
not the comforts and luxuries of existence.— 
Let us, then, be of good cheer, resolving to dis¬ 
charge our duties aright, even under the most 
discouraging circumstances. Adversity is of¬ 
ten more beneficial, in the end, than prosperity 
—especially to those who read aright its im¬ 
portant, lessons. 
The severe drouth which has oxtented over 
so large a portion of this country during the past 
two months, has taught, or should teach, a 
never-to-be-forgotten lesson to American far¬ 
mers on the importance and benefit of Deep 
Tillage and Underdraining. Not only every 
one who runs may read, but all who see may 
understand its import, and comprehend the 
wisdom of its teachings. The lesson has been 
expensive, and will therefore be heeded and re¬ 
membered. It will be more impressive and 
beneficial than all the add.esses and essays on 
the subject ever delivered or published in thi. 
country—though it only proves t heir correct¬ 
ness. Froln year to year we have urged the 
importance of Underdraining and Deep Tillage 
Need we continue to give line upon line, and 
article after article, on subjects so forcibly de¬ 
monstrated by the recent Great Calamity—the 
long-tdt-bc-rementbered Drouth of 1854? 
The ravages of the weevil, or wheat midge, 
have been so extensive in many sections during 
the past season, that a remedy or preventive 
against this destructive insect is an important 
desideratum in our best wheat-growing dis¬ 
tricts; and the man or association who shall 
discover and make known a cheap and ollcc- 
tual means of heading the enemy, will im¬ 
mensely benefit the country, and become en¬ 
titled to distinguished honor. In the absence 
of any better remedy, we would again advise 
the early sowing of early varieties of wheat, 
such as the Mediterranean, Soule, &c. Those 
who sow winter wheat at all, have no time to 
spaie — for the earlier it is sown, the greater 
the chances of escaping lho ravugoe of the 
midge. There are other advantages in early 
sowing, but the most important point is to 
head the chief enemy. Prepare your ground 
in the best manner, see to its proper drainage* 
procure clean seed, and let it be sown or drill¬ 
ed in properly. Liming and brining will be 
advantageous, especially if you have any fears 
of smut. Those who can do so, should try 
some of the proposed (or their own) preventives 
against the weevil, and note and report the re¬ 
sult We are not rich, but will give $500 to 
any person who shall discover a practical, 
cheap, and sure remedy against the midge ; 
the remedy to be proved by its entire success 
during at least two successive seasons, in dif¬ 
ferent localities where the midge prevails,— 
and first communicated to the public through 
the pages of the Rural New-Yorker. 
THE WEATHER AND CROPS AT THE WEST. 
The weather seems to be a very general 
topic of remark, it is so dry in many parts of 
the country, particularly in the west. Herea¬ 
bouts we had abundance of rain for all need, 
fill purposes of vegetation up to July 27; but 
since then not enough rain has fallen to moist¬ 
en the surface. Very drying winds succeed¬ 
ing our last showers, in connection with the 
hot weather, soon licked up the moisture.— 
Quite aged people remark they do not remem¬ 
ber a drouth of so short a duration being so 
severe as it now is. Corn and potatoes, espe¬ 
cially late planted, with garden vegetables, are 
sulfering very much, and will be greatly cur¬ 
tailed in yield. AVe frequently have the “signs 
of rain,” but the adage that “ all signs fail in a 
dry time,” proves too true. W heat, grass, and 
all our earlier crops, gave a yield this sea on 
considerabjy above our average; and the fann¬ 
er can only be really thankful for the many 
blessings vouchsafed by a good Providence. 
Mr. L. Norris, of Ashtabula county, 0.» 
writes under date of the lltli instant:—“ 'I he 
wheat crop in this region came, in better than 
was at one time expected; but the great cry is 
now the drouth, aud certainly it is unprece¬ 
dented. The corn crop is, 1 think, past recov¬ 
ery. In most of the fields there is no appear¬ 
ance of tassel, and where there is tassel there 
are no ears. Immediate rains might produce a 
change. Potatoes, too, by the effects of the 
drouth, and bugs innumerable, will prove a to¬ 
tal failure. Our pastures are dry, very dry, 
and most of the young clover killed. Our 
gardens look desolate, fruit shriveled and drop¬ 
ping from the trees. Springs failing, and vegeta. 
lion generally drooping and dying, fires raging in 
the fields and woods, destroying much property, 
aud even human life. Never have we known 
the weather so intensely hot as has been the 
past month, whilst there appears to be no 
dew, so that we can walk the fields at early 
dawn without moistening the soles of our shoes. 
Stock suffers, and may perhaps have to be sac¬ 
rificed; but we must not complain. With our 
usual health, we should still enjoy what we 
have with thankfulness, ever dependent on Him 
who is the giver of life with all its blessings.” 
A correspondent at Carrollton, 111., writes 
under date of Aug. 1st:—“AVe are suffering 
very much from a severe drouth, having had 
no rain to speak of since the 13th of June.— 
The corn crop is likely to prove very light.— 
Our small grains and grass crops, however, are 
very good, and all secured. I understand the 
drouth is very general all over this State and 
Missouri.” 
A friend writing from AVarsaw, on the Mis- 
issippi river, opposite the mouth of the Des 
Moines, says,under same date:—“Standing on 
the high bluffs, we have a good view of three 
States, that would certainly afford many fine 
scenes, were not everything burned up by the 
drouth. But as it is, with the thermometer 
ranging from 100° to 104° in the shade, and 
from 135° to 145° in the sun, for five hours per 
day, as it has done (save a few days) for the 
past six weeks, and that, too, without any rain, 
the daylight view of landscape is anything but 
the most agreeable.” t. e. w. 
Agricultural UlisctUanj. 
The AVeather and the Wheat Crop in 
England. —In England, at this season of the 
year, the weather is a source of constant anxie¬ 
ty, a rainy week or two being sufficient to 
blast the bright hopes of the husbandman 
lower the funds, depress trade, and produce 
butjfor foreign importations, a famine. For the 
first week in August, very generally throughout 
England, there was constant rains and the wheat 
crop has been considerably damaged. 
The Mark Lane Express says:—■“ Should 
a period of settled dry weather succeed, the 
mischief might, perhaps, not be serious; but it 
must lie confessed, that matters are now in a 
somewhat, precarious position, and that great 
injury might result in case much more wet 
should be experienced.” In quantity, the 
wheat and spring crops are a full average, but 
“Everything must depend on the weather : 
should it prove auspicious, we might yet have 
a good average crop, in which case the range 
of prices would, undoubtedly, be much lower 
during the next twelve months, than it has 
been since the autumn of 1853.” 
THE DROUTH, FIRES, kt. 
Ens. Rural: —There has been great suffer¬ 
ing iu many places this season from drouth, 
aud we in this community are in a bad fix in¬ 
deed. In addition to the light crops, both of 
grain and grass, the element of fire is let loose 
in our fields and forests, burning with fearful 
rapidity large tracts of valuable timber. Ma¬ 
ny fields and fences have been burned, even 
hundreds of acres; also, some hay-stacks, hous¬ 
es and barns have been consumed. It is so 
very dry that neither dews nor the combined 
energies of the citizens can stop its progress. 
Some have removed their goods from their 
houses and fled before the flame-3 for safety; 
others are in great danger of being burned oat 
at any moment. High winds prevail, and there 
is no prospect of any ruin. AVe hope none 
will be so presumptuous as to kindle any Cie 
out of doors for auy purpose, while itcontiuuis 
as dry as it is at present. Many wells and val- 
uable springs are dried up, and there is a lack 
of water. Our pastures no longer sustain the 
stock, and many have already had to fodder 
I their cattle to keep them alive. Most of the 
I farmers are disposing of their stock as fast as 
; they can, for the want of both pasture and fod¬ 
der. But let ns not murmur at these calami¬ 
ties, but remembering that we have been chas- 
. li.-ed for our follies, learn wisdom by the things 
1 we suffer. c. 
Italy, Yules Co., N. Y., August 18,1854. 
IIay from a Reclaimed Meadow. —From a 
| meadow that fifteen years ago would not. grow 
| buckwheat tall enough for stubble, I this year 
cut a large crop of hay. I measured off ha f 
an acre, raked and cocked it, 52 large cocks of 
hay, and when sufficiently cured for the barn 
I took an average of the cocks anil weighed 
! it—it weighed 110 lbs. Now 52 cocks at 110 
ttu each, would produce two tons and 17 cwt., 
about five tons aud 14 cwt. to the acre.— 
it had been a wet season the crop would 
have been much greater. This improvement 
has been brought about by rotation in crop¬ 
ping, and top-dressing when in grass.—Louis 
F. Lego, Berkshire Mill, Tioga, Co., JY. Y, 
Jlug., 1854. 
Remarks. —Such a method of estimating the 
acreage yield of a crop is frequently far from 
accurate, and never satisfactory to any who 
are skeptical in regard to five or six ton to the 
acre hay crops.—E ds. 
The Drouth and Crops in Jefferson Co 
—Under date of Aug. 24, Moses Eames, Esq., 
of Rutland, Jefferson county, N. Y., writes as 
follows:—“ We are nowin the midst of a severe 
drouth, and our dairies suffer very much. The 
hay crop was very short, the pastures are dried 
up, and we have a good supply of grasshop¬ 
pers. Corn and potato crops will be much less 
than half, and in some cases the potato crop 
will be an entire failure. Apples are all small, 
aud not veiy plenty, yet we hope to have a good 
show at our fair on the 21st and 22d. Amount 
of rain in July, 0.67 in.; in August to date, 
0.47 in. For the same time last year, 3.76 in.” 
The Hop Crop in England. —All accounts 
we have seen from the hop districts of England 
concur in representing the crop as exceedingly 
light In Worcester, “few are now sanguine 
enough to expect anything like half a crop."— 
The Doncaster Chronicle says:—“The present 
will be an eventful year in the history of that 
fickle and singular production, the hop plant. 
From the earlier period of spring, we have 
had our misgivings as to there being any like¬ 
lihood of a crop, and these have now (Aug. 3) 
been all but confirmed. The. plant in this dis¬ 
trict is all bu t a total failu re, ’ On many of 
the low lands in Kent, “the blight has laid such 
a strong hold that the plant is beyond recov¬ 
ery.” In North Nottinghamshire, “ the hops 
are a great failure, and there is every appear¬ 
ance of its being the worst season for thirty 
years.” The Sussex Express says the planta¬ 
tions in that district exhibitsomc improvement 
during the past week; many healthy shoots 
are come out, and they are mostly free from 
vermin. At East Farleigh, too, “the gardens 
are doing remarkable well.” These two arc 
the only favorable reports we have seen. 
GRASSES FOR PASTURES. 
From a course of experiments made under 
the direction of the Duke of Buccleugh, it is 
found that among the grasses best adapted for 
the shade, or drip of trees, some of the Ross 
or spear grasses, the orchard grass, lall fescue 
and wouly meadow grass are preferred, and that 
the sweet-scented vernal grass aud timothy 
come next in order. 
Characteristics of Nitrates of Potash, 
Soda, &c. —The nitrate salts are attracting 
much attention as fertilizers in Great Britain, 
and the Government is having searches made 
for natural deposits, <tc. 'Ihe following char- 
actcrislicsof thescsalts arc given by Prolessor 
Way, with some practical hints for ascertain- | 
ing the amount of nitrates in saline depositions: 
“ All the ordinary nitrates are readily solu¬ 
ble in water. The nitrate of soda crystalizes 
in cube.'. The nitrate of potash in long prisms. 
When exposed to a gt ntle heat the niirutes 
fuse, giving off oxygen gas. On this character 
s founded the most simple and certain means 
of distinguishing these salts from all oilier na- 
turrl saline deposits—namely, to throw a por¬ 
tion of the supposed nitiaie on red hot fuel, 
when “ dellagration,” or a greatly increased aud' 
violent combustion of the fuel will result. A 
mixture in which tho quantity of alkaline ni¬ 
trate is too >null for ihe production of these 
phenomena, will hardly pay for importation in¬ 
to England. All nitrates are valuable, though 
not in an equal degree, for agricultural use.” 
Massachusetts Ilors.—The Inspector of 
Hops, in Poston, urges the hop growers ol 
Massachusetts to be more careful in growing, 
picking, and packing their hops. He says: 
To all in erested in growing und dealing in 
hops it is well known, that during the lust sev¬ 
en years, in point of reputation and character, 
Massachusetts hops have suffered very materi¬ 
ally in comparison with New York hops; have 
been in less demand and sold at a lower price. 
This fact is attributable to a combination of 
causes, the most prominent of which are the 
following, viz:—Permitting too many male 
hops per acre, and too early picking, before 
the Imp was ripe; Tom bad picking; from 
packing the hops iu unsuitable bagging. 
'I he most fatal error of Massachusetts hop 
growers, has been picking too early, before the 
hops were ripe,.and hurrying them into bags 
too soon. Under this system of management 
hops cannot le produced for the brewers in a 
state of perfection.” 
Cots wold Sheer. —At the recent sale of 
Mr. Wm. Game, Aldsworth, Gloucester, Eng¬ 
land, fifty-five “ long-wooled tups ’’ were sold or 
let at an average of $105 each. The highest 
price was $282, and the lowest $45. These 
are much lower figures tliun those obtained 
at the Babraham South Down letting. 
American Pomologigal Society —The bi¬ 
ennial meeting of this society will be convened 
at Boston September 13th. It is expected 
that this will be the most interesting meeting 
the society has yet held. 
A SunsTiTUTK for Ringing Swine. —An 
English breeder of stock has recommended a 
mode of dealing with these mischievous ani¬ 
mals, which it is said may supersede the neces¬ 
sity of putting rings in their noses. It consists 
iu simply shaving off with a razor or sharp 
knife the gristle on the top of the noses of 
young pigs. The place soon heals over; und 
the pigs are thus reudered incapable of rooting. 
We have seen several extracts from an ad¬ 
dress of lion. A. B. Dickinson before the Tio¬ 
ga Co. (Pa.) Agricultural Society. The sub¬ 
ject of butter-making appeals to constitute a 
large portion of the address, and in this con¬ 
nection he speaks of the proper grasses for 
cow pastures. He advises u mixture of differ¬ 
ent kinds, as “when any kind is green and 
fresh, cattle do much better than when it is 
ripe and dried up.” 'Phis is very well, and the 
practice has long been followed in England, 
though too much neglected in America. But 
Mr. i). makes some confusion iu regard to spe¬ 
cies. He says: 
“ You must have in your pastures, Timothy, 
White Glover, Blue Grass, Red-Top, or Foul 
Meadow Grass, which 1 think is one and the 
sume thing, only differing as it grows on differ¬ 
ent soils.” 
It is a mistake to regard fowl (not “foul”) 
meadow us ‘ the same thing’’ as ie : -top; they 
are quite distinct species. Red-top is the 
Agroslis vulgaris of botanists. The fowl 
meadow is an American spec cs, j robably un¬ 
known to European author.-—indeed we do 
not find it described in any scientific classifica¬ 
tion—but every person who compares the two 
can readily distinguish them, though both 
doubtless belong to the same genus. The 
fowl meadow has a longer aud more slender 
stem, a narrower and lighter green leaf, a more 
open head, and somewhat larger seed. Its 
chief value is for low meadows,—not the wet¬ 
test, but those of a deep vegetable or mucky 
soil. 'I'lie stem keeps green and sweet even 
after the seed has ripened and fallen. It 
makes good hay. It will not thrive on wlmt 
is called upland, nor in most situations where 
red-top flourishes. In this vicinity it grows 
plentifully on the banks of Charles and Nepon- 
set rivers above tide water. The name “ fowl 
meadow grass ” is said to have been given it on 
account of its seeds being formerly much eaten 
by wild ducks and other fowl, which frequent¬ 
ed the localities where it grew. 
Again, Mr. Dickinson says:—“ The kinds I 
have named come forward in order. Timothy 
is first, and blue grass last to mature.” 
We are aware of the difficulty of being al¬ 
ways understood when speaking of grasses by 
their common names. But we suppose the 
grass alluded toby Mr. I), as “timothy,” is the 
lierdsgruss of this section, or meadow cals-tuil 
of the English (Phlevm prat ease ) And we 
suppose by “ blue grass,’ he means what is 
known as Kentucky blue grass, spear grass, 
green grass, June grass ( Pou prutenis ) The 
former species is one of our latest gr.is.-cs, 
and the latter is one of tlie earliest—tlie one 
flowering in July and the other in June. The 
blue grass starts with ihe first warmth of 
spring, shoots directly into stem and forms 
seed. In drouth its growth is cheeked more 
than that of red-top, though not so much as 
timothy or lierdsgruss: but it starts with the 
rain, and grow slater in fall than almost any 
species.— Dost. Cult. 
MACHINERY IN FARMING—ITS NECESSITY. 
It is not enough that farmers avail themselves 
.of all the advantages which chemistry a finds 
l n i s application to their art; it i.-, not enough 
that they learn how to save as mm lj as possi 
ble of the manures made on their premises, 
and tlie best methods of applying these and 
also purchased and specific manures; it. is not 
enough that they know at what seasons and io 
what depth their soils should lie ml ivated — 
They must perform as many of the operations 
of farming by machinery, as machinery can b< 
made to perform to advantage. 
There is no other way in which agriculture 
can keep pace in respectability, pleasure, and 
profit, with other arts. Without this expedi¬ 
ent, it will lie outstripped by them, and sink 
steadily in comparative rank. 
By machinery, as we use the word here, we 
mean all mechanical contrivances which can 
be substituted for manual labor, and combined 
with manual labor sous greatly to increase its 
productiveness. 
And the policy which we recommend in¬ 
cludes also animal labor, and as a more power- 
lull co-operator with it. 
So far us a horse or an ox can be made to 
do the work of five men, the horse or the ox 
earns the net product of live men’s labor for 
the employer. If one man cultivates ns much 
corn, aud cultivates it well, with one horse, at¬ 
tached to a cultivator, as his neighbor culti¬ 
vates with ten hoes, in the hands of ten men, it 
is easy to see which of the two is traveling 
the fastest on the road to wealth. 
So in cutting grass, in planting and harvest¬ 
ing grain, in shelling corn, and in various other 
operations of the farm, machines can do the 
work for a small percentage of the cost ol 
manual labor.— M'Mukins Courier. 
Time for Cutting Buckwheat. —It is hard 
to give a precise rule for the best time to cut 
buckwheat. The grain continues to ripen 
successively, and while most of the stalks re¬ 
main green or succulent-, these grains will not 
drop off It is therefore best to let the crop 
remain so long as the amount continues to in¬ 
crease by successively ripening portion-. But 
as soon as the plant loses its fresh appearance, 
and the first, ripened portions are found to 
separate easily, no time should be lost in cut 
ting. 'The rule with some farmers iu the north, 
is to allow the crop to stand lilt ihe first night 
frost, and then to cut as quickly as possible be 
fore the shelling process commences. But 
when frosts do not come early, it is cut before 
As soon as the stalks are dead or dry, buck¬ 
wheat threshes with great ease, but not before; 
hence the reason that when but partly dried, it 
is often found so difficult to thresh. At the 
north, it is usually sown during the early part 
of summer, sometimes nearly us late as mid¬ 
summer; if sown too early, the grain does not 
set so well.— Alb. Cultivator. 
A DESTRUCTIVE WEEVIL. 
Insects known as weevils and curculios 
comprise many species, and feed on dillerent 
kinds of vegetation. Many people me familiar 
with the grain weevil, sometimes called black 
weevil (curculio granarivs) and also with the 
plum weevil, the habits of Doth being but too 
well known from the injury they do to grain 
and fruit. There are oilier species whose rav¬ 
ages are equally destructive in other ways.— 
Several attack ihe different kinds of pirns and 
other resinous trees. In some of tlie .Southern 
States the pine forests have been so overrun 
with these insects that thousands of acres have 
been laid waste, and damage to an incalculable 
amount thus inflicted. Dr. Harris and other 
entomologists have described a destructive 
species found in this section called the whi e 
pine weevil. We have lately noticed a spe¬ 
cies on the spruce. In a plantation of young 
spruces and firs belonging to Dr. Eben Wight, 
ol Dedham, we observed that the leading shoot 
of the tree, sometimes to the length of iwo 
feet, had turned yellow and was dead. This 
was about the middle of July. On examina¬ 
tion, it was found that a worm or maggot, 
about three eights of an inch in length, bad 
eaten the inner bark and tender wood of this 
year's formation, entirely around the tree, leav¬ 
ing the outer bark unbroken. As some of t he 
larva appeared to be about to pass into the* 
pupa state, we took the lop from a tree con¬ 
taining them, and have traced them to their 
last stage. The m eet is a curculio, or weevi 1 , 
but docs not correspond,exactly io Dr. Har¬ 
ris’s description of the white pine weevil. Its 
mode of attack, however, is similar, and the 
remedies suggested by Dr. Harris against the 
one, would probably lie best in regard to the 
other: viz., to cut off the shoot as soqn as it is 
perceived to be attacked, and burn it. ’Flic 
beauty of pines, spruces, and such trees, dc- 
pends much on preserving the first upright 
shoot. For this reason tiie injury done by 
tide insect is great, and all means should be 
used to destroy it.— Boston Cultivator. 
TURNIP-HOEING. 
Quite an animated discussion Ills been car¬ 
ried on, of late, in the columns of the Mark 
Lane Express, oil the question of the proper 
distance at which turnip plants should lie 
drilled and left at lioi ing. Some contend for 
1) and some for 11 inches between the plants, 
the drills being 12 inches apart. Others con¬ 
tend for as much as 18 inches or more between 
the drills and 18 inches or more also between 
the plants in the drill. One who advocates 
tlii- largest, space, says he saw last winter, some 
white turnips oil a desk in the Corn Exchange 
at Bury, three of which would lilt a bushel; and 
he says that lie Ills doubts whether three could 
be put into an imperial bushel, if furnished 
with u shut down lid. The general opinion 
seems to lie that the heaviest crops maybe 
gathered when the drills are 12 inches apart, 
and the plants are set with an 11 or 12 inch 
me, thus leaving the plants about 12 inches 
apurt. When large bulbs are expected from, 
die richness of t he soil, or on account of spe¬ 
nt manuring, a larger urea is allowed. 
Degeneracy fi om IJkkkimng in-ami-in -—The 
fact that animals of all kinds become degene- 
ate from breeding from two parents between 
hieh there is affinity of blood, is one that is 
pretty vu II known. It is not always, however, 
attended to in practice, else vve would not have 
witnessed the degenerate lambs which we have 
seen this spring. Through thoughtlessness or 
anelessness it neighboring flock of ewes was 
ir.d by the same buck which had been with 
them before for two seasons. He sired, there¬ 
in*, his own lambs, and perhaps, Ids 1, nibs’ 
ambs. The owner knew better, an I i Gentled 
o have procured a change of bucks; but in 
some way the result above stated happened.— 
Fhe result was a number of very weakly and 
leformed and idiot-looking lambs. Some were 
so weak in the hind legs that they could not. 
support their own weight; and some had the r 
hind legs twist outwards when they alieinpud 
o walk. One lived several days, but breathed 
quick and short all the time, aud had to be as¬ 
sisted about nursing. One was course w ooled 
almost, as a water-dog, and looked very stupid 
and idiotic. Such results seem worthy of be¬ 
ing put on record us a warning against like 
carelessness or neglect in others— Country 
Gentleman.. 
To Destroy Thistles.— 'l’he Canada thistle 
is easily subdued, if they can be plowed.— 
Plow in the full, and sow to wheat, and stock 
down heavily with the large red clover and 
timothy. In the spring, as soon as ilie ground 
is dry, or the. clover is two inches high, sow 
plaster, as much as you please, from one-hulf to 
tour bushels per acre. Get your wheat off as 
early as possible; let the clover grow as late iu 
the fall as is convenient; tlten let nothing but 
calves or yearlings on to it, nor let it be fed 
more than just to keep the mice from nesting 
in it. 'Fhe better you can make the clover 
grow, the more fatal to the thistle. 
The first cattle brought to America from 
Europe were imported by Columbus in his 
second voyage, iu 1493. 
A very singular discovery has lately been 
made in France, by M. Fabre, a gardener of 
Ayde. 'Fhe herb mgillops, heretofore consider¬ 
ed as worse than useless, grows abundantly on 
the shores of the Mediterranean. It produces 
a species of grain resembling wheat in form, 
but much smaller. In the year 1830, M. Fa¬ 
bre sowed a quantity of this grain, and he 
found the produce bore a close affinity to 
wheat; that produce he sowed the next year, 
and the yield was still more like wheat, lie 
went on sowing the produce of the succeeding 
year, until he has now succeeded in getting as 
fine a crop of wheat and of us good quality us 
can be wished for. 
In consequence of the severe drouth in some 
parts of Prince George’s county, Mil., the corn 
and tobacco crops have been abandoned, and 
many persons are sowing buckwheat in their 
stead. The cattle are suffering terribly tor 
pasture. 
