MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
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POMOLOGICAL GOSSIP. 
NO. TIT.—SELECT LIST OF FRUITS CONTINUED. 
Peaches .— A great majority of farmers 
-think seedling peach trees better than none; (?) 
the consequence is that we find but very few 
good peaches in the country. This is very 
poor economy. Good, early peaelics are just 
as easily cultivated as seedlings, (from my own 
experience and observation, I think budded 
trees are full as hardy and productive as seed¬ 
lings,) and will always command a good price 
in market, whilst late ones will hardly sell at 
any price. 
The following varieties will be found the 
most profitable for general cultivation, viz:— 
Cranford's Early f Crawford's Late, Yellow 
Alberge, Jacques Rareripe, Old Mixon 
Freestone, Morris While, Bergen's Yellow, 
and Red Cheek Melocoton. 
Pears .—This may be said to be the fruit in 
this country at the present time. It is receiv¬ 
ing more attention than any other—I had al¬ 
most said all other kinds. If a man plants but 
two trees, one at least must be a pear tree, and 
the chances are that both will be. If this 
furor does not lead to disappointment as a 
result, I for one shall be thankful. The chan¬ 
ces are that many planters will be satisfied 
with planting merely, leaving the trees to take 
core of themselves afterwards; and such will, 
as they deserve to, be disappointed. The 
pear, when worked on the quince, needs good 
culture to succeed, particularly whilst the trees 
are young. 
1 would not advise the planting of dwarf 
trees to much extent by farmers generally, for 
that reason. They are impatient of neglect, 
and can be made profitable only by the most 
careful and systematic culture. They bear 
young, generally in from two to three years 
after they are set, which is their greatest ad¬ 
vantage, except where land is scarce. (1 speak 
now of their general cultivation—to the ama¬ 
teur of course, they are indispensable.) Plant 
a few dwarf trees, so that you may have a 
foretaste of the “ good time coming-” But 
don’t be sparing with your standard trees, 
(that is, if you can give them even a chance for 
life.) They will always be profitable for mar¬ 
ket. There is no danger of a surplus of good 
pears. The demand will ahvays keep pace 
with the supply. 
The best varieties on quince are Bartlett 
H'hHe Doyenne, Louise. Bonne de Jersey 
Dutchess of Angouleme, and Vicar of Wink- 
field. The most profitable varieties for stand¬ 
ard trees are, Maduline, Dearborns Seedling 
Bartlett, White Doyenne, (where it does not. 
crack,) Seckel, Paradise of Autumn, and 
P inter J\'elis. 
Apples .—This fruit is too w r ell known and 
too generally cultivated to require any especial 
notice here, only, I should advise every farmer 
who has not an orchard of grafted fruit grow¬ 
ing, to make it his first business this fall to set 
out one, and, if he has one of natural fruit 
growing, to have it grafted next spring. 
Much has been said pro and con about the 
value of root-grafted trees. Without attempt¬ 
ing to decide the question, as to which is best 
in the end, I would only say, that as far as my 
observation extends, root-grafted trees do not 
come into bearing nearly as soon as seedling 
trees grafted at standard height when four or 
five years old. 
Red Siberian Crab Apple .—Plant one or 
two of them in your door-yards. They make 
one of the most beautiful ornaments, and are 
very fine for preserving. r. b. w. 
Early Grapes. —Our friend It. B. Warren, 
of Alabama, N. Y., writes under date of Aug. 
28th:—“I shall have some very fine grapes 
this season, and some are already ripe. By 
the by, mine on the east side of the barn are 
ripening first, although they have the sun only 
a short time in the morning.” [It is an Isa¬ 
bella vine, and is trained very neatly and sys¬ 
tematically upon the south side of a barn, but 
extends around upon the east side, where it is 
shaded by a large almond tree.—».] “ Can it 
be possible that they ripen better in the shade, 
when the roots of the vine are fully exposed 
to the sun? I shall have a fair chance to test 
it on my vine.” 
The Curculio. —The curculio has appeared 
a second time in some localities; brought out, 
very probably, by the dry hot weather. They 
can do no harm, and if they would all hatch, 
the drouth would have one good effect ut least 
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FUCHSIAS.—THE SEEEATIFOLIA. 
We continue our illustrations of the Fuchsias 
by a fine engraving of the Scrratifolia. This 
is a species, or a sub-species, quite distinct in 
appearance—lately introduced from Peru. It 
is an autumn flower, and in high beauty through 
October aud November, and even into Decem¬ 
ber. The habit of the plant is low, stout, and 
bushy. The leaves are very dark, opposite in 
fours (verticillate) on the branches, and the 
flowers are produced from their axils, one on 
each leaf, with a graceful drooping habit. 
Calyx, bright rose; points of sepals, green; 
corolla, scarlet; staimnes prominent, being 
beautiful white anthers : making in all a fiue 
assemblage of colors aud contrasts. Plants of 
one season’s growth are generally most satis¬ 
factory. The above engraving represents this 
flower the natural size. 
TIME OF BUDDING.—AGAIN. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —In one of your 
recent numbers, I see a communication from 
E. IIersey to the JV. E. Farmer, on the time 
for budding. He gives a very limited period 
as the proper one, and says a skillful budder 
will make 75 per cent, of his buds live. Now, 
that will not do, “ out west.” 
In this vicinity, we commence working ap¬ 
ples as soon as the wood is ripe enough, and 
continue to set buds as long as the bark peels 
well, which is usually till the last of Septem¬ 
ber. A good budder will set 1,000 buds per 
day, and with free stocks and ripe wood, we 
make about 95 per cent. live. We cut the 
bud thin, and never remove the wood. For 
tieing, we prefer the inner bark of the bass¬ 
wood, (Tilia Americana) prepared by soaking 
the bark in water for several days, when the 
inner layers separate in thin sheets, which are 
readily split into the proper width. This has 
been appropriately called “nurseryman's rib¬ 
bon.” If our stock of bass fails, Russia mat¬ 
ting, or woolen thrums, and sometimes corn 
husks, are used. The bandages are removed 
as soon as the growth of the tree causes them 
to cut; and they are all taken off in the fall, 
any way, as they greatly injure the buds if al¬ 
lowed to remain through the winter. 
A thin-bladed pocket knife, that will hold a 
keen edge, is the best for a budding-knife.— 
The flat ivory end is superfluous, as we open 
the edges of the cut with the knife-poiut, 
thereby saving much time. r. w. r. 
The Grove Nurserv, Ill., August 22, 1854. 
Cucumbers.— I observed in the last number 
of the Rural, a large cucumber story, and 
think 1 can tell a larger one. I have one hill, 
on which there are seven cucumbers, the ag¬ 
gregate length of which is over 12i feet, the 
longest one measuring feet. —J. II. Stanley, 
Le Roy, August 29, 1854. 
Recife for Elderberry Wine. —Pick the 
berries clean from the stem, put 4 quarts of 
water to three quarts of berries, boil them 
slowly for two hours, then strain the liquor, 
and measure it again, adding three pounds 
aud a half of sugar to a gallon of liquor. Also 
one-fourth pound of green ginger, 3 oz. allspice, 
3 oz. cinnamon. Add water while the whole 
is boiling, that you may have the same quanti¬ 
ty of liquor w-heu done as at the beginning.— 
Let it boil half an hour; then strain it off into 
the barrel, put a slice of toasted bread with a 
small tea-cup of yeast spread on, and let it float 
upon the w r ine until it is fermented ready for 
sealing up. Let the barrel remain uncorked 
until it has done fermenting. Some prefer it 
without the spices. 
Ripe Tomato Pickles. —Select handsome 
sized tomatoes, w’ash them and prick them with 
a fork, lay them in dry salt 24 hours, then soak 
them in equal quantities of vinegar and water 
24 hours; take them out and lay them down 
in a crock with sliced onions, first a layer of 
tomatoes, then onions, with cinnamon, cloves 
and brown sugar, and then cover the whole 
with good cider vinegar. 
To Kill Bed Bugs. —Take say one tea¬ 
spoonful of quicksilver, and the white of one 
egg, and beat together thoroughly. Then take 
the feather end of a quill, and apply to the se¬ 
cret hidings of the chaps, and they will surely 
come up missing.—E. Pierson, Leroy, JY. Y. 
_«_ _ 
To Preserve Grapes. —Take a box of suffi¬ 
cient capacity to contain twelve pounds of 
grapes, and cover the bottom with a thick 
sheet of glazed wadding. On this deposit a 
stratum, of grapes, but not so close that the 
bunches will touch each other, aud conti nue 
the alternation of wadding and grapes un m 
the box is full. The cooler they are j^ e . 
without actually freezing, the better. * 
Tomato Catsup. — Tomatoes, a bushel, 
should be boiled till they are soft. Squeese 
them through a wire sive, and add half a gal¬ 
lon of vinegar, a pint and a half of salt, two 
ounces of cloves, a quarter of a pound of all¬ 
spice, three table-spoonsful of black pepper, 
(all ground finely.) Mix and boil several 
hours, till reduced about oue half. When suf¬ 
ficiently cool, bottle without straining. 
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LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
Issued from the United States Patent Office, 
For the week endieg August 22, 1854. 
"Wm. D. Andrews, New York, improved cen¬ 
trifugal pump. 
Nathaniel A. Boynton, New York, improve¬ 
ment in hot air furnaces. 
Richard U. Bristol, China, Michigan, improve¬ 
ment in rotary engines. 
Benjamin Bridendolpb, Clearspring, Md., for 
improvement in hominy mills. 
Absalom B. Earle, Franklin, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in straw cutters. 
Wm. M. Ellis, Washington, D. C., improved 
arrangement of the steam engine. 
W ni. Z. Hatcher, Philadelphia, improved stop 
and waste cocks. 
Levi Hay wood, Joseph L. Ross, and James 
K. Otis, Boston, improvement in portable bu¬ 
reaus. 
J. Burrows Uyde, New York, improvement 
in apparatus for coating telegraph wires. 
Bernard Hughes, Rochester, improvement in 
actuating engines by bt-sulphate of carbon. 
George Jackson, Cohoes, improvement in knit¬ 
ting machines. 
Abel F. Lewis, Shopiere, Wis.,Improvement 
in floating drags, or anchors. 
Robert Marquis, Xenia, Ohio, apparatus for 
balancing and hoisting sashes. 
Elbridge Marshall, Blinton, N. J., improve¬ 
ment in manure spreaders. 
Henry Mellish, Walpole, N. H., improvement 
in grain mills. 
Julius A. l’ease,New Y^ork, improved dia¬ 
phragm pump. 
Wm. 1). Porter, New York, improvements in 
wood gas generators. 
Henry Richardson, Sheldon Morris, jr., and 
Beimet C. Peroy, Litchfield, Ct., improvement 
in folding umbrellas. 
Artemus Rogers, Painsville, Ohio, improved 
instrument for manufacturing door-knobs. 
Charles M. A1 burger, Philadelphia, improved 
pavement washer, hose hydrant, and hitching 
post. 
Thos. Crossly, Boston, improvement in manu¬ 
facturing two-ply carpets. 
Joseph Hill, tihaneateles, improved Daguerre¬ 
otype plate holder. 
Joseph C. Jenkins, Bealsville, Ohio, improve¬ 
ment in tuning forks. 
Abner White Jones, New York, improved 
means of preventing the explosion of boilers. 
Dustin F. Mellin, Wentworth, N. H., machine 
for sawing clapboards, dec. 
Wm. O. Rust, Great Fails, N. H., improved 
saw--set. 
Hugh Sangster, Buffalo, improvement in se¬ 
curing glasses in lanterns. 
Edmund Shaw, East Abington Mass., im¬ 
provement in sewing machines 
Halcyon Skinner and Wm. Greenhaigli, West 
Farms,*N. Y., improved carpenters’ guage. 
Robert Spencer, Southport, Conn., improve¬ 
ment in harness saddle-trees. 
Alfred A. Stara, New York, catamenial sup¬ 
porters. 
David Swartz, and Sam’l Swartz, Tomsbrook, 
Va, improvement in fastening plows. 
Kobt. Spencer, New York, improvement in 
harness saddles. 
l’aul Stillman, New Y"ork, improvement in 
counting machines. 
Francis C. Treadwell, New York, improve¬ 
ment in ovens. 
Abner Whitely, Springfield, Ohio, improve¬ 
ment in track clearers, to grass harvesters. 
Philander Wilbar, Milan, Ohio, improvement 
in cheese presses. 
Melvin Shaw, East Abington, Mass., assignor 
to Melvin Shaw and Daniel Gage Wheeler, of 
East Abington aforesaid, improvement in clamps 
for sewing machines. 
Solomon S. Gray, South Boston, assignor to 
S. S. Gray and S. A. Woods, of South Boston 
aforesaid, for improved machine for planing lum¬ 
ber “ out of wind.” 
Daniel Treadwell, Cambridge, assignor to 
Herbert H. and Frederick H. Stimpson, of Bos¬ 
ton, improvement in operating furnaces. 
Thomas W. Harvey, deceased, late of New 
York, administrator and assignor to the Harvey 
Steel and Iron Company, for improvement in 
furnace for manufacturing wrought iron directly 
from the ore. 
James A. Brazier, Canton, Mass., assignor to 
Alfred B. Ely, of Boston, improvement in cog 
gearing. 
M. H. Merriam, Chelsea, Mass., and William 
W. Nichols, Boston, assignors to W. W. Nichols 
fe Co., of Boston aforesaid, for improved tool 
rest for turning lathes. 
Benjamin F. Graves, of Boston, assignor to C. 
Knowlton, of Boston aforesaid, for improved 
tool for boring recesses for castors, fee. 
’ Sidney S. Turner, Westborough, Mass., as- 
i signer to Elmer Townsend, of Boston, Mass., for 
improvement in sewing machines. 
Jacob Senneff, Philadelphia, for improvement 
in machines for rolling shoulders on axles. 
Wm. Van Arden, Poughkeepsie, improve¬ 
ment in machines for rolling shoulders on axles. 
Robert Ross, Philadelphia, improved steam 
valves. 
KK-ISSUK. 
A. C. Harig and D. C. Stoy, Louisville, Ivy., 
improvement in bank locks. Original patent 
dated July 25, 1854. 
Washer Hinges. —It has long been a desi- 
■ ruble object to produce a complete hinge by 
one molding aud one casting. This has been 
accomplished by Nelsou Gates, of Cincinnati, 
who has applied for and obtained a patent.— 
The invention consists chiefly in the employ¬ 
ment of a washer, of coneavo convex or other 
suitable form, in every joint of the knuckle, to 
enable the washer to form a pivot, or to receive 
a portion of the knuckle which would form a 
pivot. A suitable number of these washers 
are placed in the mold of the hinge at proper 
distances apart, and when the metal is poured 
out they form a separation of the two parts of 
the hinge, and without any pin (as in the com¬ 
mon hinge), they serve as a pivot .—Scientific 
American. 
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Sugar from Pumpkins. —A patent has been 
granted by the French Government for making 
sugar from pumpkins; it is said the quantity 
produced will be at least as great as could be 
obtained from an equal weight of beet-root.— 
The invention conies at a time when it has 
been found that beet-root can be more profita¬ 
bly employed in making brandy than sugar. 
ENGINE FORCE PUMP. 
'The above cut represents an “ Engine Well 
Pump,” manufactured by Cowing & Co., 
Seneca Falls, N Y. It combines the princi¬ 
ples of atmospheric pressure or suction with 
the Force Pump, and having an Air Chamber 
connected with it, is calculated to throw a con¬ 
stant stream. It is adapted not only to the 
ordinary uses of a Well Pump, but also to the 
washing of windows, buildings, and vehicles, 
and the extinguishing of fires. Having an Air 
Chamber it combines all the principles of a 
Double Acting Fire Engine ! With three 
feet of hose and discharge pipe, water can 
easily be thrown over a two story building, and 
with sufficient hose can be carried over the en¬ 
tire premises. This we deem one of the most 
practical and useful improvements of the day, 
since every house in town or country may have 
not only the conveniences of a good Well 
Pump, but at the same time be always supplied 
with a first rate Fire Engine. The working 
piston of this Pump is some three feet below 
the platform of the well, where is a small let- 
off which entirely prevents its freezing, if the 
well is covered tight. It is furnished at $18 
including three feet of hose and discharge pipe. 
Extra hose 25 cents per foot. 
Directions .—When used as a Common 
Pump the hole in the top of the Air Cham¬ 
ber should be left open ; when used with the 
Hose it should be perfectly tight. Orders 
should be addressed to the manufacturers as 
above. 
Substitute for Gutta Percha and India 
Rubber. —A. 1’. Sorel, of Paris, has taken out 
a patent for a new composition, asserted to be 
a substitute for the above named substances. 
It consists of two parts (by weight) of coloph¬ 
ony, twelve of pitch or bitumen, eight of resin 
oil, six of the hydrate of lime, twelve of gutta 
percha. ten of pipe clay, and three of water.— 
These ingredients are all to be melted together 
in an iron vessel, and when well incorporated 
by heat and stirring, the compound is to be 
used as a whole for gutta percha or India rub¬ 
ber, which substances are much higher in price 
than the new compound. The question arises, 
“is the new compound as good as the substi¬ 
tute?” We have given the quantities, so that 
any person may try the experiment— Scientif¬ 
ic American. 
Daniel ITalliday, of Ellington, Ct, has in¬ 
vented and put in successful operation a self- 
adjusting windmill, which furls its own sails at 
the proper time, stops when the wind is too 
high and starts steady round again when it re¬ 
turns to its approximate degree of force. It 
has been in operation six months without re¬ 
quiring a hand to regulate the sails, has run 
fifteen consecutive days and nights without 
stopping; has drawn water from a well twenty- 
eight feet deep, and one hundred feet distant, 
and forced it into a reservoir in the upper part 
of a barn in sufficient quantities for farm aud 
garden irrigation, and cost but $59.— Svring- 
Jicld Republican. 4 
Manufactures in Boston. —A Boston pa¬ 
per sajs that the entire furniture business iu 
that city will amount in vulue to nearly $8.- 
000 ,000. There are some eight or ten estab¬ 
lishments there, dealing in furniture and chairs. 
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