MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTITRAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
NEW PROCESS OF TANNING, 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
Issued from the United States Patent Office, 
For the week ending Sept. 12, 18S4. 
Mr. Moore: —In my Nursery operations, I 
have paid particular attention to growing pear 
seedlings, which, even with our best and most 
skillful tree-growers, is attended with extreme 
difficulty, owing to a disease which attacks 
them during their first year’s growth front the 
seed. And, indeed, Downing once stated to 
me that he had never been able, with all his 
skill, to grow one thousand good pear stocks 
from seed. I once had 80,000 young peat- 
trees perish in a season from this cause, and 
ever since, for ten years, I have made the peat- 
tree my study—no peculiarity in any case 
where the tree has come under my observation, 
has escaped my notice. These trees, even 
when they recover from the blight, present a 
sorry appearance for years, not possessing a 
healthy constitution, owing to a disarrange¬ 
ment of their functions while in a growing 
state. What nurseryman does not know that 
by depriving a tree of its leaves when in a 
growing stage in July, that it loses its vigor in 
the next year’s growth; and the bearing tree, 
if it loses its leaves in the summer of one year, 
will not produce fruit the next 
By experimenting, I have made an import¬ 
ant discovery, by which every nurseryman in 
the United States can grow his own pear 
stocks, without risk of failure. Not a spot of 
leaf-bliglit will show itself during the first 
year’s growth, even if these stocks grown in 
my manner are surrounded by thousands in a 
dying condition from the effects of blight.— 
What I now state is true; and, further, I can 
grow them three feet high the first season 
from the seed. I ask a reasonable compensa¬ 
tion from our nurserymen, or the promise of 
one when this thing is tested to their entire 
satisfaction by their growing stocks for them¬ 
selves after my method. L. Hildreth. 
Big Stream Point, Yatea Co., Sept. 15, 1854. 
Leander W. Boynton, of South Coventry, 
Conn., improvement in machines for cleaning 
wool. 
Hezekiah C. Pridgham, New London, Conn., 
and James M. Stew-art, Norwich, Conn., appa¬ 
ratus for turning the leaves of books. 
Danl. Carpenter, Brooklyn, N. Y., improve¬ 
ment in surface condensers for marine engines. 
Nath’l Colver, Detroit, Mich:, improvement 
in boots and shoes. 
Jno. B. Cornell, New York, improvement in 
me!alic>lat shutters. 
Wm. Craig, New York, improvement in os¬ 
cillating engines. 
Perry Dickinson, Woodcock Township, Pa., 
improvement in mill stone dress. 
Jos. Gatlegi Rome, N. Y., improved piston or 
valve for rotary pumps, &c. 
Warren Gale, Troy, improvement in straw 
cutters. 
Abram J. Gibson, Clinton, Mass., improve¬ 
ment in coupling for carriages. 
John L. Maxwell, Baltimore, Md., improve¬ 
ment in ventilating ship timbers. 
Seymour N. Marsh, N. Y., improvement in 
trusses. 
John W. Middleton, Philadelphia, improved 
method of applying heat to dilate gases,for the 
purpose of elevating water. 
Gilbert Maynard, Greenfield, Mass., improve¬ 
ment in corn shelters. 
James McGregor, Jr., N. Y., improvement in 
cooking stoves and ranges. 
Andrew Mayer, Philadelphia, improved reg¬ 
ulator for gas burners. 
John W. Middleton, Philadelphia, improved 
apparatus for distributing fluids. 
Ephraim Morris, South Bergen, N. J., im¬ 
provement iu apparatus for determining the 
weight of cargoes in vessels. 
Newell North, Stow, Ohio, improved spoke- 
machine. 
W m. E. Osborn, Milton, N. Y., improvement 
in breech-loading cannon. 
Jos. Phares, Cincinnati, improvement in tai- 
lois’ shears. 
Philander Shaw, Abington, Mass., improve¬ 
ment in sewing machines. 
Samuel Shelden, Cincinnati, Ohio, improve¬ 
ment in portable grist mills. 
Lorenzo Simonds, Boston, improvement in 
palate for artificial teeth. 
Don Carlos Smart, Cambridgeport, Mass., im¬ 
provement in curtain fixtures. 
Franklin G. Smith, Columbia, Tenn., mode of 
operating fire engines. 
RE-ISSUE. 
Wm. Ball, Chicopee, Mass., rotary pump.— 
Patented December 23, 1851. 
Glass Bricks. —Among the more recent in¬ 
ventions patented by manufacturers, we hear of 
one by Mr. Sunimerfield, of the glass-works, 
Birmingham Heath, England, for what are 
termed chromatic glass, or glass-faced grooved 
bricks. By Mr. Summerfield's process, red or 
other clay can be combined with glass, and 
this will secure durability, entiie resistance to 
moisture, and give an ornamental appearance 
to the building. The form of the brick is also, 
by means of a groove at the side and end, 
made so as to add greatly to the strength of 
the erection, the joints by this means being 
brought close together, and the mortar acts 
as a dowel from the shape of the groove.— 
London Builder. 
NEW ENEMY TO THE AFPLE TREE 
THE BETJHEE CLAIRGEAU PEAS, 
Light in Dyking. —An English artisan pro¬ 
poses to employ the chemical agency of light 
in dyeing or staining textile fabrics;“the cloth, 
whether wool, silk, tiax, or cotton, being first 
steeped in a suitable solution, then dried in the 
dark, and subsequently exposed to the action 
of light, those parts which are to form the pat¬ 
tern being protected by pieces of darkened pa¬ 
per, or some other suitable material, fastened 
to a piece of glass. When the desired effect 
is produced, the time for which varies from 
two to twenty minutes, the fabric has to be 
removed, in order to undergo a fixing opera¬ 
tion, while a fresh portion of it is exposed to 
light 
Eds. Rural: —In the spring of ’53 I plant¬ 
ed an orchard of apple trees, and by attention 
to tillage, washing with soap-suds, &c., their 
appearance this spring was as promising as 1 
could wish. A coating of coarse manure be¬ 
ing applied to ward oil’ injury from drouth 
when planted, the field was sowed with barley, 
followed by wheat I observed when har¬ 
vesting the wheat, that several trees showed 
patches of bark of suspicious appearance, and 
a few decidedly so; but feeling that any injury 
causing such effect was past remedy, I dismiss¬ 
ed the matter till more at leisure. I now find 
that wherever the bark is discolored or dead, 
that a worm in various stages of growth, from 
a nit to three-fourths of an inch in length, is 
making rapid separation between the bark and 
the wood, leaving the space traversed by them 
filled with a snuff-like powder. The worm or 
grub is white, and the largest are dispropor¬ 
tionately large in front. The large fiy com. 
monly called the “Devil’s Darning-Needle,’’ 
would give a fair idea of their form. In some 
cases their attack would seem to have been in¬ 
vited by a break in the bark by former trim¬ 
ming, but quite as often they are found under 
smooth-bark where no puncture indicates their 
means of ingress. 
As Rochester is the grand emporium for 
fruit trees, and in the immediate vicinity of 
nurseries, many of your readers and corres¬ 
pondents can confer an important favor by 
pointing out an effectual remedy for an evil, 
which if not as yet general, is likely soon to be. 
Archibald McVean. 
Inverness, Livingston Co., N. Y., Sept. 20, 1854. 
Tuts is a new French variety, originated by 
M. Clairgeau, of Nantes, and sent out from the 
French nurseries in 1848 or ’49, we believe.— 
It is a very large fruit, and so far as it has been 
t -sted, both iu Massachusetts and New York, 
gives promise of being a valuable acquisition. 
Col. Wilder sent us the following description 
among his notices of new pears that promise 
well. 
“ Size—extra large. Form—oblong, ovate 
pyriform, outline a little irregular. Stem— 
short and stout, set obliquely and without 
much depression. Calyx — open, segments 
short, moderately sunk. Color — brownish 
green, coarsely clotted and almost entirely cov¬ 
ered with russet, sometimes intermixed with 
dull red on the sunny side. Flesh—melting, 
and juicy, with an agreeable sub-acid flavor, 
resembling the Baronne de Melle, but with 
more aroma. Class—good; will probably 
prove very good. 
The Beurre Clairgeau has fruited in sever¬ 
al gardens in the vicinity of Boston and New 
York, and promises to be a great acquisition. 
The tree is a strong, thrifty grower, either on 
the pear or quince root, and comes early into 
bearing, many trees which were grafted in the 
spring of 1851 being now full of fruit buds.” 
Mr. Cabot, President of the Massachusetts 
Horticultural Society, speaks of it as follows, 
in llovey’s Magazine of March last: 
“ So far as an opinion, formed by testing one 
or two specimens, and those from imported 
trees of the first year of bearing, is justifiable, 
this pear promises to be, on account of its size, 
beauty and quality, a highly valuable acqusi- 
tion. It is a new pear, raised from seed by M. 
Clairgeau, at Nantes, of a yellow, russet color, 
with darker russet specks, and a little red in 
the sun; very large, with a short, very thick 
stem; calyx small and open; flesh yellowish 
white, tender, half melting, of a very pleasant 
sub-acid flavor, ripening last of October and 
November; tree a strong grower, wood stout, 
and appears to come early into bearing.” The 
specimen from which our drawing is taken 
was grown by the editor.— Horticulturist. 
ess d’Angouleme, White Doyenne, Louise Bon¬ 
ne de Jersey, Fig d’Alencon, Uurbaniste, Easter 
Beurre, Clout Morceau, Pound, Calttilac. Vic¬ 
ar of Winkefield, Napoleon, Beurre d’Amalis, 
Beurre d’Aremberg, Soldat Labourer, Beurre 
Laugeleir, Long Green of Cox, Nouveau Poit- 
eau, and St. Michael Archange. The list was 
adopted by lhe society. 
WELLMAN’S SELF - STRIPPING TOP - CARDS, 
An improvement of no inconsiderable im¬ 
portance, considered by many second to none 
which have appeared since Arkwright’s inven¬ 
tion of the rotuiy cylinder, has been lately in¬ 
troduced in the carding department of the cot¬ 
ton manufacture by Mr. George Wellman, of 
Lowell. Mr. W. appears to have accomplished 
what several others have repeatedly attempted; 
he has attached to the top cards of an ordina¬ 
ry carding machine an automatic stripper, 
which carefully lifts each card from its place, 
strips it by a movement closely resembling that 
of the hand stripper, but much more gentle, 
equable and effective, and returns it to its 
place, accomplishing the work with any neces¬ 
sary degree of rapidity and at a considerably 
loss expense for cards than in the present de¬ 
structive method. 
Mr. Wellman’s invention dispenses with a 
great part if not the whole of the gang of 
strippers heretofore indispensable, and the ex¬ 
pense of stripping is reduced to that of a much 
less frequent strippingeven of the cylinder. It 
has been adjudged desirable to make the card¬ 
ing machine larger than usual in cases where 
this invention is to be applied, not from any 
necessity, but as a matter of economy, the at¬ 
tachment, which by the way may be applied to 
any cards now in use, costing no more for a 
large than a small card, and the presence of 
large cards adding considerably to the amount 
of work done on a given area of floor. 
Mr. W.’s machine has been set in practical 
operation but in one case; a single machine in 
the works of the Merrimack Company, Lowell, 
where it has succeeded so completely during a 
trial of a little more than eleven months, as to 
secure the favor of cotton manufacturers from 
all portions of the country. The Merrimack 
Company have now iu course of construction 
three more machines from the same pattern, 
the expense of repairs being found to be, iu 
consequence of the slow motions and the equal 
distribution of the wear, much less than was 
anticipated. The number and variety of the 
motions iu this device is said to exceed even 
that of the famous card-stiekiug machine, the 
operations of which have been several times 
exhibited in the mechanical department of the 
various fairs iu our principal cities. This com¬ 
plexity of the mechanism has been endured 
rather than to involve the immediate working 
parts in any motions except those absolutely 
necessary. Several devices have been patent¬ 
ed by other parties at various times for strip¬ 
ping top-cards by automatic apparatus, but 
they have failed chiefly iu this point, viz: that 
the motions to which the cards were subjected 
were found to render almost utterly impracti¬ 
cable the delicate adjustment which is necessa¬ 
ry in this species of mechanism. 
Wellman’s machine lifts, strips and replaces 
the cards with a motion very closely resem¬ 
bling that of the hand, and having originated 
with a thorough practical carder who has giv- 
eu this machine his enthusiastic attention for 
several years, it may safely be judged worthy 
of the immediate attention of all interested in 
the rapidity and cheapness of the cotton man¬ 
ufacture. Patents have been secured in this 
country and Great Britain. 
1) o ft i cultural i)u frtis cm cuts 
FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL TREES. 
TriK subscribers are prepared for the fall trade with the 
largest stock of Fruit and Ornamental Trees ever before 
ottered by one establishment in tliisc wintry. It embraces 
Standard and J, uarf Fruit Trees of the best varieties. 
Strawberries, Gooseberries, Currants, and all the small 
fruits worthy of cullivation. 
Hardy Grapes, for out-door culture. 
Foreign Grapes, in pots, one and two years from the 
eye. More than 3,000 plants, of the best sorts. 
Rhubarb, Asparagus, Sec . in large quantities. 
The Ornamental Department is equally extensive and 
complete, embracing 
Hardy rapid-growing Trees for Avenues and Public 
Grounds. 
Ornamental Standard and Weeping 'IVees, for Lawns, 
Cemeteries, &c. 
Flowering Shrubs, for Lawns and Pleasure Grounds, iu 
the ereatesi variety. 
Hardy Evergreen Trees in immense quantities, embrac¬ 
ing Norway spruce. Balsam Fir, Austrian, Scotch, and 
Wevmouth or White Pines, of all sizes. 
Rare Evergreens, such as Deodars, Cryptomerias, Hi- 
mala\au Spruce. &c. 
Evergreen Hedge Plants, such as Arbor Vitae, Red Ce¬ 
dar, .No., for ornamental inclosures in Gardens and Ceme¬ 
teries. 
Evergreen Shrubs, for Lawns, &c., such as Mahonias, 
Rhododendrons, Tree Box, tic. 
Climbing Shrubs for trellises and verandas. The finest 
Honeysuckles, Clematis. Trumpet Creepers, Wistarias, &c. 
Roses —A large collection of the best varieties iu culti¬ 
vation. 
Complete assortments of the best new Phloxes , Chrysan¬ 
themums, Paouies, Dahlias, Carnations and Picotees, and 
other hardy border plants. 
Rulbous Flower Roots, embracing the finest Hyacinths 
Tulips. Crocus, Narcissus, Lilies, ,Vc., imported annually 
from Holland, and forwaided from the 1st of September. 
Green-house Plants —All the popular articles, the new¬ 
est and best Verbenas, Htliotropes, Fuchsias, &c., Ac. 
Trees are taken up in the most careful manner, and 
packages for distant points put up in the best style. 
All orders will receive prompt and careful attention.—■ 
The trade supplied, as heretofore, on liberal terms. 
The following Catalogues will be forwarded gratis and 
pre-paid to all who apply post-paid and enclose one stamp 
for each: 
No. 1, A descriptive Catalogue of Fruits. 
No. 2, A descriptive Catalogue of Ornamental Trees, 
Shrubs, Roses, &c. 
No. 3, A descriptive Catalogue of Dahlias, Bedding-out 
and Green-house Rlauts. 
No. 4, A wholesale Catalogue for Nurserymen and 
Dealers. 
No. 5, A Supplemental Catalogue of Fruits containing 
prices of Fruit Trees for 1854 and ’55, with lists of new 
sorts, kc. ELLWANGER & BARRY, 
Mount Hope Nurseries, Rochester, N. Y. 
September, 1854. 247-2t 
John M. Weare, of Seabrook, New Hamp¬ 
shire, has recently obtained a patent for hold¬ 
ing cows’ tails during the operation of milking. 
The machine is fastened to one of the animals 
ham-strings, and the tail is compressed. Mr. 
Weare politely styles his discovery the “ Milk¬ 
er’s Protector.” Cows, says the "Washington 
Union, in a fit of humor, will probably live for¬ 
ever, as this patent machine is designed to pre¬ 
vent them from “kicking the bucket” 
To Keep Worms from Dried Fruit. —Place 
your fruit in a steamer, over a pot of boiling 
water, covered tightly. When thoroughly 
heated, tie them up immediately in a clean cot¬ 
ton or linen bag, and hang them up. This 
method is preferable to heating in an oven, as 
that is apt to reuder them hard, even if you 
are so fortunate as to not burn them. 
Tomato Pie. —After you have lined your 
plate with paste, spread thereon a layer of 
sliced green tomatoes, add a tee-cupful of mo¬ 
lasses, two small taple-spoonfuls of flour, a lit¬ 
tle salt and nutmegs. Cover with paste, and 
bake slowly, and it will make an excellent pie. 
Allf.n’s Hybrid. —The horticultural friends 
of Mr. J. F. Allen, have been for some years 
aware that he has been experimenting, to pro¬ 
duce a hybrid grape, possessing the requisites 
which no one hitherto has combined, of sure 
and early ripening, rich flavor, abundant crop, 
and freedom from “ foxiness.” All lovers of 
good fruit will be gratified to learn that his 
long and patient efforts for this object have at 
length been crowned with complete success.— 
He has obtained a white grape, of the full 
size of the Isabella, of a flavor unsurpassed by 
the best hot-house grapes, totally free from 
the “foxy” taste and smell, and which ripens 
securely by the middle of September. He has 
also a purple grape, possessing similar qualities, 
but not quite so early.— Salem Gazette. 
Cream Cake. —One cup sour cream, one of 
sugar, two of flour, and two eggs, and two tea- 
spoonfuls saleratus. 
Cup Cake. —One cup of butter, two of su¬ 
gar, three of flour, four eggs, one cup sour 
milk, one tea-spoonful saleratus. Bake in small 
dishes.— American Agriculturist. 
We take the following from the Boston 
Courier's report of the proceedings of the late 
American Bornological Convention: 
Mr. Barry of New York remarked that he 
had seen it stated in several newspaper para¬ 
graphs, that the cultivation of the pear on 
quince stocks had proved to be a failure. He 
regretted to have such statements sent abroad. 
They are not correct. He considered it a 
great blessing to the country that pears could 
be cultivated on quince stocks, because it ena¬ 
bled thousands upon thousands of our citizens to 
enjoy delicious varieties of fruit years earlier 
than they otherwise could. Perhaps the best 
way to check this erroneous impression would 
be for the Society to recommend a list of pears 
that succeed best on quince stocks. He had 
prepared a brief list of sorts and would submit 
it tor the consideration of the meeting. All 
the pears enumerated were not, indeed, of the 
best quality, but they have been successfully 
proved on the quince. Before giving the list 
lie would say that the best quince stocks were 
the Fonteuay and another variety. The com¬ 
mon apple or orange quince of this country is 
not a suitable stock lor budding. It may 
grow well for one or two years, but will ulti¬ 
mately fail. 
Pears for cultivation on quince stocks:— 
Rostiezer, Beurre d,Anjou, Beurre Diel, Duch¬ 
FRUIT TREES, 
Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Floicer ing Plants tfC. 
Ax extensive and select collection of Fruit Tress, proro¬ 
gated from bearing trees of the finest sorts, is offered for 
sale at the Nursery of J. J. THOMAS, at the following 
prices: 
Apple Trees,.20 cents each—$16 pr. 100 
Peach “ .20 “ 15 “ 
Cherry “ with fine heads... 3724 “ 25 “ 
Pear “ standards,.50 “ 
Pear “ dwarfs,.S72a “ 25 “ 
Plum “ (large and thrifty) 50 “ 
Besides the smaller fruits, as Strawberries, Grapes, kc. 
5"^” Careful selections will be made by the proprietor, 
when desired, embracing a suitable proportion of the best 
varieties, so as to afford a regular succession of the finest 
fruit through summer, autumn, and winter, without adui 
tional charge. 
Also, for sale, a large collection of Ornamental Trees and 
Shrubs, Herbaceous Perennial Flowering Plants, <Vc\, A-c., 
among which are the most brilliant varieties of Roses, the 
finest Spiraeas, Paionias, Phloxes, Acc. 
Orders diiected “ J. .1. THOMAS, Macedon, Wayne Co., 
N. Y ,” accompanied with remittances, will be faithfully 
and promptly attended to, and the trees and plants packed 
lu the best manner for safe conveyance by railway. 
9th month, 1854. 247-21* 
Summer Snowballs. —At a time when flour 
is so dear, many are glad to meet with a con¬ 
trivance by which some cheaper substitute may 
be agreeably used, and such the following will 
be found:—Simmer half a pound of rice until 
it is tender, then strain it. Take five or six 
apples, of middling size, pare them and take 
out the core with- a small knife or apple scoop, 
but do uot cut them into sections Into the 
hollow made by cutting out the core, put sugar 
and a little allspice. Divide the rice into a 
portion for each apple, and with the hand lay 
each portion equally over an apple, and tie 
them separately in a small cloth, and boil an 
hour. These dumplings or snowballs may be 
served with sweet sauce; or eaten with simple 
sugar treacle. 
Freak of Nature —A friend gives us an 
account of a singular freak of nature which he 
has observed in his garden this summer. Some 
time ago a sprout came up from the root of a 
rose-bush, and some two or three weeks since, 
when it had attained the height of twelve or 
fourteen inches, a bud appeared directly on 
the top of the shoot. Just as the bud began 
to open, the shoot pushed right up through 
its center, and grew, while the flower was ma¬ 
turing two or three inches more. A few days 
ago, lie noticed that there were four buds on 
the bush, through the principal one of which 
the sprout is again making its way. The 
leaves of the former flower, though wilted, not 
having fallen off, he has thus a rose-bush which 
presents the singular sight of two flowers 
strung on the stein. —A”. K. Farmer. 
NEWARK NURSERY. 
WRIGHT & CO., Newark, Way.vk Co., N. Y. 
Fruit and Ornamental Trees of large or small growth, 
wholesale or retail. 50,000 Cherry Seedlings: also, 25,000 
Reach in bud, and several thousand Mountain Ash, sale¬ 
able single, Ax., &c. WRIGHT & CO. 
Newark, Wayne Co., N. Y., Sept., 1S54. 247-2t* 
Tomatoes like Cucumbers. —Take fair fruit; 
the kind called love-apples is the be*t; remove 
the skins and slice them. Sprinkle a little salt 
upon them, pour vinegar over them, (rather 
less than for cucumbers,) and put on pepper. 
Nothing begets confidence soouer than 
punctuality. Nothing so well becomes true 
feminine beauty as simplicity. 
