MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
The Modern Horse Doctor i Containing Prac- OHIO STATE FAIR, 
tical Observations on the Causes, Nature and ___ 
Treatment of Disease and Lameness in Horses The Onto State FaIR. held at Newark ldst 
Embracing the most recent and approved 
methods, according to an enlightened system week, was one of the finest Agricultural ex- 
TnE Ohio State Fair. held at Newark last 
of Veterinary Therapeutics, for the preserva¬ 
tion and restoration of health. With illustra¬ 
tions. By George H. Dadd, M. D., Veterinary 
Surgeon, Author of Anatomy and Physiology 
hibitions we ever attended,—and in some es¬ 
sentials altogether superior to any we had pre¬ 
viously witnessed. The People were there in 
of the Horse, and the Reformed Cattle Doctor, their strength—the number present on Thurs- 
Boston: Published by John P. Jewett <fc Co. , ,_ ,._._, .. . , . 
Cleveland. Ohio: Jewett, Proctor, & Worth- da 7 alone being variously estimated at from 
ington. 1854. fifty to seventy thousand. The weather was 
We have read a considerable portion of this most auspicious, and the arrangement of the 
work, and cannot but wish every one who has R roun< ^ s creditable to the managing board and 
anything to do with horses would do the same. °^ ers interested. The show of Improved 
The author is a well-known Veterinary Surgeon, Stock was the feature of the Fair, and one in 
anything to do with horses would do the same. others interested. The show of Improved 
The author is a well-known Veterinary Surgeon, Stock was the feature of the Fair, and one in 
who has for many years made the horse and his " hich Ohio cannot be (or has not been to our 
diseases his especial study. The “hereditary,” knowledge,) excelled by any other State in the 
“ blacksmith” class of horse farriers meet with ^ nion. AYe had anticipated much in this de- 
no mercy at his hands. “ The vile practice of Foment, but the display of Horses, Cattle, 
blood-letting, and the use of agents that are Shee P- Swine and Poultry, largely exceeded 
known to depress the vital principle ” are 0,ir expectations in both numbers and quality, 
strongly condemned, while a judicious “system ^ be ba * r was a * s0 particularly noteworthy in 
of hygiene, without which medicine may as otber respects, but want of space precludes 
well be thrown to the dogs as given to a sick moie ^ ban ^is brief mention in our present 
horse,” is eloquently recommended. He evi- number - More particular notes of what we 
dently has great faith in “ our great catholicon saw and heard wiU be S iveu hereafter. 
Nature,” and asserts that “the more a man 
knows ofphysiology, the less faith has he in medi- REHEW OF THE ENGLISH WHEAT MARKET, 
cine.” It is with shame that we admit that “ the w f ,, . , , „ 
. . . 2 , . We take the following extract from the 
veterinary art has, in this country, progressed in , r v ° , 
. Mark Lane Lxpress, the best authority on 
a circle; that our domestic animals are still the ^ British grain trade; 
subjects of misguided notions peculiar to the , . . , , , . 
, V ,,, , , t . \ . , , , . I he harvest is now concluded even in the 
dark ages, and that cruelties which have had mos t backward parts of the kingdom. With 
their day of reproach are now being enacted the exception of that small proportion carried 
over again uflder our own eyes.” Physiology, early in August, previous to the setting in of 
comparative anatomy and the causes of disease the fine .weather, the whole has been secured 
. , , , . , P ,, i in admirable order. Taking the produce of 
are overlooked by nine-tenths of our so-called the eutire kingdoni) we are dispo£ d to esti- 
horse doctors, and we cannot too strongly ma te the yield at about one-fourth over an 
recommend this book as calculated to work a average. Whether, however, we are to have 
reform in these particulars, and introduce a } ow prices during the next twelve months, may 
more humane and rational treatment of the LnfmRp ^ 00( ) 01 * S 11 , otj Slda " 
. went to make good the exhaustion of stocks, 
noblest of our domestic animals. in consequence of the deficiency in the harvest 
There is some “doubtful chemistry ” in the of 1853; indeed, we have heard it seriously ar- 
book which we would like to see expunged, g ued that the country is not in a much better 
and some little scriptural and slang phrase- 
position as regards stocks now, than it was at 
this period last year. This proposition we do 
ology which is not in good taste; and in the no t feel inclined to agree to, but it is certain 
eagerness to blow away the chaff of the old that very little whec.t remained in farmers’ 
systems, some good wheat may have been lost, hands at harvest time, and that it was neces- 
some good practices rejected, and others adopt- dl yt° commence on the new almost as soon 
, , b , ., f . as it was secured. The quantity of old 
ed too much on theoretical grounds. For in- f oreign wheat in the kingdor ^ was ( small; {w 
stance, administering muriatic, lactic, or acetic though the London warehouses were well filled, 
acid to assist digestion, because they are the there was comparatively little at any of the 
“ real solvents of the gastric juice;” yet, ou Lports. This being the position of affairs, 
., , , , ,• , . ,, we do not consider that the late rally in 
on the whole, we believe the work is, on the prices has been without cause; but present 
subjects on which it treats, the best extant. rates are tempting to the growers, and we 
-«- should certainly not be surprised to see materi- 
EXIIIDITIONS OF HORSES a % * ncreased deliveries from the fanners. 
___ ^ ’ Foreign wheat has come sparingly to hand, 
The New England Horse Show came off at ?, n ^ 8,340 qrs. haying been received during 
t> , , Q iri , Ti the week. I lie shipments from the Baltic 
Brattleboro, V t., Oct. 18, 1.), and 20. It was, have j a t € iy been small. The stocks in grana- 
on the whole, quite successful. About 150 ry have, during the last few months, been 
animals were entered, four-fifths of which were greatly reduced, and are not now heavy. The 
of the Mijrgaq varieties—Black Hawks pre- ’ a ^ r b ’ nds from the Black Sea, &e., are princi- 
ered, four-fifths of which were greatly reduced, and are not now heavy. The 
varieties—-Black Hawks pre- fin ® r kinds from the Black Sea, &c., are princi- 
dominating. The trotting match was an at in the hands °f the Greek merchants, who 
° b M are not inclined to sell except at high rates.— 
tractive feature; 13 geldings and mares were Of good Baltic wheat, the quantity on the 
entered for competition. The first prize of market is moderate, and holders exhibit great 
$50, was taken by JYelly A. Sherman, an confidence. On Wednesday, rather enhanced 
eight year old Morgan mare, owned by G. R *f. rr ? is w< r rc askeu > an( ] m partial instances a 
n, f at- i li i - ir , . _ J . ' slight advance was realized. As yet, very few 
Okcutt, of Middlebury, Vt.,-tirne 2 minutes transactions have taken place with the Baltic 
and 49 seconds. Lady Beesworlh by Rat- ports, in wheat free on board, either for imme- 
tler, a four year old, owned by H. H. Thaxter diate or for spring shipment; the ideas of hold- 
of Rutland, came in second. Abdallah, a six ers on the other side bein S deemed too high by 
year old mare owned by J. L. Briggs, Spring- ba Y® rs bere - , 
., ,, . ", . , 1 ® The demand for flour has been active 
held, Mass., came in third, and Missessque throughout the week, and the town millers 
Belle, a four year old, of old Nimrod aiulMes- have had quite enough to do to keep their reg- 
senger blood, owned by A. N. Stevens, of ubir customers supplied. The transactions in 
Engsburg, last. Flying Morgan, owned by American flour have not been so extensive as 
Mr! Adams of Burlington, trotted-a match ■" pre^tag w ee H owing maioiy to the 
. , ° ’ . luttbwi f ac t *he prices asked lor fine qualities 
against time, making the mile in two minutes have been relatively above those at which 
and fifty-four seconds. Two Black Hawk and English has been offered. 
Morgan colts, eaeh three years old, owned by 
Mrs.' Hatch of Bethel, and Gbosvevor of “"iDts value has continued to tend upwards.— 
Bridgeport, trolled a mile, the former in three L° r °'! 44s -P e . r V- <" 9\r 
. 1 \ , . . 46 per bushel, cost, freight, and insurance is 
Of Indian Corn very little has been offered, 
. ° 1 . . -- 4D per Dustiei, cost, ireignt, and insurance is 
minutes, and the latter in three minutes and said to have been refused. 
three seconds. __ , ^ . , _ 
It is to be feared that these trotting match- Growing Fish. —The Cleveland (O.) City 
es, useful and harmless in themselves, will en- Fact says that one of the most pleasing things 
gender a love for the race course, than which exhibited at their late County Fair, was a lot 
few things are more pernicious to the morals brook trout, artificially bred by Drs. Gar- 
F ‘ ., lick and Ackley, whose labors in this line we 
o a comrnum y _ have heretofore noticed. They showed sever- 
The Ohio and Pennsylvania Horse Show, al br , oods °/ fish J n °{ growth, 
of fidiDD, nuin im, ana have demonstrated that it is just as easy 
/. -j uunna ili mil') line: YVC 
o a comrnum y _ have heretofore noticed. They showed sever- 
The Ohio and Pennsylvania Horse Show, al br , oods °/ fish J n di J« r , eat °{ ^wth, 
, i and have demonstrated that it is just as easy 
at Salem, Ohio, 11th to 14th ol October, is t 0 grow fish as fowls, or any other description 
said to have been very creditable. Owing to of food. 
rainy weather the second day, the attendance h°P e a H agricultural societies will take 
was not so large as was anticipated, but the a , bbl ^ ^ r011 ? ^ ds ’ and °^b r P renibinis * or SUC G a 
r. u i , ... , , „ show of fish as will best illustrate the fact to 
thml day being bnght and beautiful, and the farmer8 that tbey ea „ grow lhe cheape8t food 
race course in excellent order, the attendance ever produced for man upon their farms where- 
was good and the success of the show all that ever they have natural water, or can make ar- 
could be desired. About 160 horses were en¬ 
tered, including many fine animals in the dif¬ 
ferent classes. 
Profitable Poultry. —It is often said that 
nothing can be made keeping poultry. Last 
tificial ponds. Let us have the premiums “ for 
the best show of fish artificially produced upon 
any farm.” It is a matter of very curious con¬ 
sideration, when fresh fish sells here at the 
same price per pound as beef, pork and mutton. 
Hickories. —Can a hickory be successfully 
spring I had forty fine hens, half-breed Dorking transplanted? People have often enough tried 
and Malays, and they have hatched fifty ducks 5t > and generally said no. Being a few days 
and forty turkeys, and raised one hundred and bl . the ^ arden f Augustus Adams, Esq., 
0.1-1 Cl- A! A- A , „ . of Elgin, we saw a large number of hickories 
foity chickens, fcince the first day of April f roni three to seven feet high, which had been 
last, they have laid three thousand three hun- transplanted successfully from the woods, or 
dred and forty-seven eggs, up to the first day rather the openings, and were growing vigor- 
of October. This excels anything that I have ous ty on their second summer. Mr. Adams 
seen in your paper.—R. J. J., Hector, JV. Y. 
Land, it has been well said, will produce a 
stated that he had lost no more of them than 
any ether tree. His plan is to dig down and 
down and down till he gets tired of it, and then 
cut off the tap root. He never stops till he 
„ o. e a v.- j -a a' j a- i £ e t 8 f° ur an( I from that to six, and yet he 
crop of something, and it depends entirely on ^ that he never got so low a ’ to J d the 
the farmer what that shall be—whether a crop tap root as small as the tree at the surface of 
of grain or of weeds. the ground.— Prairie Farmer. 
THE CROPS IN MAINE. 
The drouth for the past three years has been 
very severe in Maine. During last summer the 
prospects of the farmers were very gloomy, and 
many a mournful prophecy was uttered in re¬ 
gard to the extent of the injury. The Maine 
Fanner, however, says that the results of the 
harvest show that the farmers are much better 
; off than they expected. We give the following 
extracts: 
ITay. This crop was secured before the 
drouth began. There has been gathered in 
Maine, as far as we can learn, more than there 
was last year, say two thirds of a usual crop. 
Wheat. This crop has come in with bright 
straw and plump grain, except where the wee¬ 
vil committed ravages. The rust and mildew 
have not been prevalent at all. Oats are good; 
not quite so heavy in kernel as in some years, 
but nevertheless a fair crop. 
Rye. _ This grain is not very extensively cul¬ 
tivated in Maine, but where it was sown it 
; yielded a good crop. 
Corn. Corn as a general thing has proved 
a very fair crop, it being very sound and bright, 
say a two-thirds crop, which is much better 
than was anticipated. 
Pot atoes. Potatoes planted on clayey loams 
have done better, both as it regards quantity 
and qualify, than they have done for several 
years. Those planted on sandy soils have been 
pretty severely pinched, but though small tliev 
are of very good quality. The rot has retired 
for this year at least, and we hope it will stay 
retired for all coming time. Other roots and 
garden productions are in general very good. 
Apples. We have more than a middling 
crop of apples, both as to quality and quanti¬ 
ty. The little destructive “ Palmer worm,” 
which riddled our orchards last year, has not 
been seen this. On the whole, the crops of 
1854 in Maine, make up a very fair average, 
when compared with a series of ten or more 
years. 
What effect the late severe drouth may have 
on the production of our soils next season, ve 
cannot tell. We have often heard the late 
Major Wood, of Winthrop, remark that a 
drouth was as good as a dressing of manure to 
the land. If that be true, our soils in Maine 
have been pretty liberally dressed lor the three 
past summers. 
THE CASHMERE GOAT. 
We have on a previous occasion given a 
communication from Dr. S. A. Davis, of Co¬ 
lumbia, South Carolina, in relation to the 
Cashmere goat and other animals imported by 
him from Asia. Dr. I). exhibited a male goat 
and a kid of this kind, and a half-blood kid, at 
the New York State Fair, last week, where 
they attracted so much attention that a crowd 
almost constantly surrounded them. 
Dr. D. states that these animals prove, after 
four years’ trial, perfectly hardy in South Car¬ 
olina, and he thinks they would be equally as 
well adapted to the Middle and Northern 
States, as the climate there approximates to 
that of their native region—the latter being so 
elevated as to^ive much snow. They are tru¬ 
ly beautiful animals, and we think there is good 
reason to believe they will be of great value to 
this country. They cross readily with the 
common goat, producing a prolific offspring, 
which being bred to the Cashmere stock till 
the common blood is reduced to one-fourth or 
one-eighth, produces an animal scarcely distin¬ 
guishable from the full-blood Cashmere. When 
it is recollected that it is from this goat that 
the material for the costly Cashmere shawls is 
obtained, and that it sells in France at eight 
dollars a pound, we have some idea of the im¬ 
portance of acclimating the animal to the Uni¬ 
ted States. 
Since the above was written, we have heard 
that Dr. Davis sold the pair of full blood Cash¬ 
meres for $1,000, but we have not learned the 
name of the purchaser .—Boston Cult. 
Ladies Riding Dresses. —Ladies who pro¬ 
pose to engage in the equestrian exercises at 
Faii-s or elsewhere, and are not provided with 
full riding suits, can fit themselves out quite 
satisfactorily by simply making a long skirt to 
fasten at the waist, over a common dress; in 
which case only a single underskirt should be 
worn. The Basque waist, now in vogue, will 
answer a sufficient purpose for riding jacket, 
and the soft hats now worn by gentlemen, with 
a little trimming, will make good riding hats 
for ladies .—Ohio Cultivator. 
Apples for Hogs. —The question is often 
asked, Are apples worth anything for fattening 
hogs? And how could they be used? Dan¬ 
iel Felker, of Concord, an observing and suc¬ 
cessful farmer, says he has for several years 
past fatted his hogs upon raw sour apples with 
just enough raw corn or oats (either ground or 
whole) to keep them in a healthy condition.— 
That they devour the apples greedily, fatten 
rapidly, and make solid pork. This is certain - 
ly economical feed .—Maine Farmer. 
Heavy Corn. —Mr. C. Piper of Lenox has 
sent us the stalks and ears from one hill of 
corn, in afield of ten acres, of the “same sor',” 
on which are nine good heavy ears of yellow 
dent corn. This does not look like famine; 
and is a better prospect of good corn in Ash¬ 
tabula.— Ash. Sen. 
Never allow a stick of wood to be put on 
your fire, or in your stove, that has not been 
cut and piled up under your wood shed from 
three to six months beforehand. You will be 
sure of good fires with no greater consumption 
of wood, and be spared the infliction of a 
“smoking house and a scolding wife.” 
The Largest Hog. —Martin Roberts, who 
resides on the river some six miles below Mad¬ 
ison, in Kentucky, has a hog that weighs up¬ 
wards of nineteen hundred pounds, which he 
has sold for two hundred dollars. 
ROBERT’S ON THE POTATO DISEASE. 
The Mark Lane Express having received 
Mr. E. C. Robert’s well known pamphlet on 
the Cause and Cure of the Potato Rot, remarks 
on it it as follows. 
While we of the Old World have been at¬ 
tributing the potato rot to fungi, insects, ma¬ 
laria, &c., &c., a farmer of the New World, E. 
C. Roberts, discovered so early as 1846 that 
it arose from “a violation of JYatvre's laws;” 
and in order to certify his discovery, he had 
recourse to a series of experiments during that 
and the following six years—1847, '48 ’49, '50 
’51, and’52—which fully bore out, we are in¬ 
formed, its soundness. The pamphlet gives 
an account of each of these seven experiments 
separately, and concludes by summing up the 
whole with a few seasonable observations. 
Mr. Roberts concludes that by removing po¬ 
tatoes from the ground during winter less or 
more injury is sustained, so that a continuation 
of the practice results in disease or rot; conse¬ 
quently his cure is to allow that portion of the 
crop required for seed to remain in the ground 
during winter, or rather he plants beds pur¬ 
posely for seed on dry ground, which is just 
Nature’s own plan in South America—a plan 
which he himself has adopted and found effec¬ 
tual, all traces of the disease having disappear¬ 
ed the third year. 
The laborious manner in which the Michi¬ 
gan experiments were carried out by the author 
is deserving of special commendation; for du¬ 
ring the progress of the crop, he examined dai¬ 
ly the seed roots and shoots arising from them 
by carefully digging up so many on eaeh occa¬ 
sion, and dissecting them with all the zeal of a 
morbid anatomist. During these pathological 
investigations, he found the old tuber always 
the first affected, the disease rising upwards; 
thus, as he observes, coroborating the sound¬ 
ness of his theory. We are not certain if we 
can subscribe to all the deductions of the wri¬ 
ter, on this head, without a more detailed ac¬ 
count of the facts than the pamphlet contains; 
but his labors are highly deserving of praise, 
and we shall be happy to hear farther from 
him on the subject. 
There is nothing new in allowing potatoes 
to lie in the ground during winter, for it is up¬ 
wards of thirty years since we saw the practice 
tried, in order to improve the quality of the 
root for spring use, those remaining in the 
ground being much better than those stored in 
the usual way. This fact, it will be perceived, 
is in favor of Mr. Robert’s theory; so that it is 
possible that the maturity of potatoes, espe¬ 
cially seed, is a more difficult and important 
task than is yet generally imagined. Also since 
1846 the theory has often been promulgated 
in this country; but we believe that Mr. Rob¬ 
erts will have no difficulty in establishing the 
priority of his discovery, should its value rec¬ 
ommend it to general practice. 
FROST AS A MANURE. 
We know of no treatment so directly bene¬ 
ficial, for almost every class of soils, as that of 
thowing up land in narrow ridges in the fall or 
early winter. There are few soils worth cul¬ 
tivating at all, that do not contain more or 
less materials which can be made available 
to plants by the coinbiued action of air and 
frost. 
Take two plots of heavy soil, side by side, 
and let one lie unmoved till spring, while the 
other is deeply plowed in autumn, and the re¬ 
sult will be very visible in the spring crop — 
But the manner of plowing is important. To 
secure the greatest advantage, a single furrow 
should be thrown up and another back-fur¬ 
rowed directly upon it so as to produce a high 
ridge, then another ridge is to be made in the 
same manner with a deep dead furrow between 
the two. The process is to be continued thus 
through the whole field, so that when finished 
it will present a surface of high ridges and 
deep dead furrows succeeding each other, about 
once in two or two and a half feet. If pre¬ 
pared in this way, the frost will penetrate far 
downward, loosening and disintegrating the 
soil below the furrows, while the ridges will 
crumble down, and as they will not hold water, 
the air ..will circulate freely through them, de¬ 
composing the mineral portions, and conveying 
in ammonia and other gasses. This operation 
will be equal to ten or more loads of good 
manure upou clay or compact soils. 
In the spring it will only be necessary to 
run a plow once or twice through the center of 
each ridge, and then level the whole down 
with a heavy harrow. 
Another advantage in this process, is that 
when land is thus prepared it dries out and 
warms several days earlier in the spring.— 
Algain there are some soils that are exhausted 
upon the surface, but which contain poisonous 
substances in the sub-soil. If this sub-soil is 
thrown up in contact with the air and frost 
during winter, these poisonous compounds 
(usually proto-sulphate of iron or manganese) 
will be destroyed, or changed to a harmless 
form, during the winter. 
The above practice is especially recom¬ 
mended in the garden. One of the most suc¬ 
cessful cultivators of an acre of ground in our 
acquaintance, digs it up in the fall to the depth 
of three to four feet, making deep trenches and 
high ridges so that the whole acre appears to 
be covered with high winrows of hay placed 
closply together. 
We strongly urge every farmer who has not 
tried this method, to lay out their plans now 
for experiment in this way, on a larger or 
smaller scale, during the present seasoa— 
American Agriculturist. 
Agriculture in France. —The French Min¬ 
ister of War has informed farmers, through 
the prefects, that they may apply to the gen¬ 
erals of the various military divisions, for the 
services of soldiers, at the moment of the har¬ 
vest, in case there is an absolute want of hands. 
The generals will fix beforehand the prices to 
be paid. As long as there is a single civil la¬ 
borer unoccupied no soldier will be allowed to 
take part in the getting in of the crops. 
HEAVES OR BROKEN WIND. 
We take the following extracts from Dr. 
| Dadd’s Modern Horse Doctor. The subject 
is one of much interest and importance, and 
did not our space forbid we should give the 
entire article: 
The disease bears some resemblance to asth¬ 
ma in the human subject, for in eaeh there is 
nearly the same difficulty in respiration, attend¬ 
ed with dyspepsia and emaciation; there is this 
difference, however — in man there are remis¬ 
sions; while in the horse with confirmed heaves 
(broken wind) there is scarcely any cessation, 
it is qujte common, in Massachusetts, to hear 
horsemen define every case of abdominal res¬ 
piration as heaves: such are not to be consid¬ 
ered, however, as so many cases of broken 
wind. In order to make out a pure case of 
the latter, we must have a kind of jerking 
double flank movement in the process of expi¬ 
ration. Distention of the lungs, or inspiration, 
must also be followed by a corresponding ex¬ 
pansion of the chest and flanks. A slight 
cough is generally present, which has a wheez¬ 
ing sound, sometimes resembling a sort of grunt, 
and the subject is a confirmed dyspeptic, having 
a voracious ajipetite, staring coat, large belly, 
spare muscles, dull, miserable look, drooping 
head, unwilling to travel fast, and, when urged 
to do so, becomes soon exhausted; the excre¬ 
tions also indicate derangement of the digestive 
organs. These are the principal symptoms of 
broken wind, and we have generally found 
these present in what is called “ heaves.” 
Regarding the nature of broken wind—which, 
however, is a very funny name for a pathologi¬ 
cal condition of this character — it, originates 
in disease occurring either in the organs of di¬ 
gestion or of respiration; the former affecting 
the latter, through the sympathy that is known 
to exist between them, or else from innutrition 
— the digestive organs failing to furnish the 
proper amount of nutrirnental matter to supply 
the respiratory apparatus with its required fuel. 
The lungs, or rather its air cells, are then dila¬ 
ted, while the respiratory passages and lining 
membranes are contracted or lessened in calibre, 
either from contraction of their tubes or thick¬ 
ening of their lining membranes; and this state 
of the parts is all that we require to explain the 
peculiar phenomena of abdominal respiration. 
* * * q' ke d i rec t causes of heaves or bro¬ 
ken wind are over-exertion and indigestion 
Treatment .—The object is to improve the 
patient’s health; and if we can do this success¬ 
fully, an improvement in a curable case gener¬ 
ally follows. We must restore digestion in 
order to cure indigestion, and in this view we 
give aromatic tonics; the following we have 
used with considerable success:—Tincture of 
aromatic sulphuric acid. Dose, one drachm in 
a pint of water, night and morning. Most an¬ 
imals, however, will drink it from a bucket.— 
In the mean time we put the animal on a course 
of the following alterative medicine: Powdered 
ginger, gentian, sulphur, salt, cream of tartar, 
charcoal, licorice, elecampane, caraway seeds, 
and balm of Gilead buds, (chopped fine,) equal 
parts. Pose, one ounce every night in the food. 
Changes in diet, exercise, and management, 
calculated to fulfil the indications alluded to 
above, arc indispensable. So soon as consid¬ 
erable improvement is perceptible, the nromatic 
tincture should be omitted; and, instead of giv¬ 
ing one ounce of the alterative as a dose, give 
half an ounce night and morning. A broken- 
winded horse should always be watered from a 
bucket, regularly three times a day; and if he 
be a foul feeder, arm him with a muzzle, and 
only remove it at meal lime. In addition to 
the above remedies, we occasionally allow a 
small quantitity of garlic, say a couple of heads 
every other day, chopped fine, and mixed in the 
food. 
WHAT THE FARMER MOST NEEDS. 
They need organization. They want farm¬ 
ers’ clubs, and neighborhood libraries of agri¬ 
cultural books. They need discussion. They 
need more intercourse, not only in their own 
town and county, but throughout the state and 
country, to see and learn what other farmers 
are doing, and adopt the improvements made 
by them. They need to become satisfied with 
their vocation; to get rid of the prevailing no¬ 
tion that farming is necessarily an unmental 
employment; that is, that the farmer has no 
occasion to think; has no occasion for educa¬ 
tion, and never can become wealthy, or what 
the world would call respectable, while engag¬ 
ed in the culture of the earth, and therefore he 
seeks the first opportunity to escape from an 
avocation placed under ban not only by all 
others, but his own class also. The great need 
of the farmer is, that he shall declare himself 
independent of all other classes, at least more 
so than they are of him, and of course he is 
entitled to engage in any other calling whatev¬ 
er; and if he is a iiian of toil, that is no reason 
why he should not be a man of intellect. The 
great need of the farmer is organization, and 
this must be accomplished by a few self-sacri¬ 
ficing men, who will undertake the labor of 
establishing and maintaining farmers’ clubs in 
every neighborhood. Farmers need to drop 
politics and take up agriculture. They must 
talk, and read and think, and they will tie sure 
to act, or their children will act for them.— 
Penn. Farm Journal. 
Hens Should be Kept Warm in Winter.— 
I saw an account of 27 liens kept la* winter, 
in an open shed, where they laid 52 dozen eggs 
in 4 months. Now, it is my humble opinion 
that if they had keen kept in a warm place 
they would have laid still better. Last winter 
l had 24 hens a part of the time, but about 
the middle of winter killed off 5; I kept them 
in the basement of a barn, fed them with all 
the screenings they could eat, with occasionally 
a little corn, and in four months they laid 70 
dozen eggs. I had some Bramahs, some com¬ 
mon, and the rest were common crossed with 
the Shangl ai. 
My hens laid more eggs last winter than 
they do this spring, because now they are very 
much inclined to set —Prairie Farmer. 
